Protective Effect of Baicalin Against Carbon Tetrachloride–Induced Acute Hepatic Injury in Mice

Park, Sang-Won,Lee, Chan-Ho,Kim, Yeong Shik,Kang, Sam Sik,Jeon, Su Jin,Son, Kun Ho,Lee, Sun-Mee The Japanese Pharmacological Society 2008 JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.106 No.1

<P>This study examined the effects of baicalin, a bioactive flavonoid isolated from <I>Scutellariae Radix</I>, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl<SUB>4</SUB>)-induced liver injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml/kg CCl<SUB>4</SUB> and different groups of animals received 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg baicalin. At 24 h after the CCl<SUB>4</SUB> treatment, the level of serum aminotransferases and lipid peroxidation was significantly elevated, whereas the hepatic glutathione content was decreased. These changes were attenuated by baicalin. The histological studies showed that baicalin inhibited the portal inflammation, centrizonal necrosis, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia, which are the three most common characteristics of CCl<SUB>4</SUB>-induced liver damage. The serum level and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α were markedly increased by the CCl<SUB>4</SUB> treatment but suppressed by baicalin. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-1 increased significantly at 24 h after the CCl<SUB>4</SUB> treatment. Baicalin attenuated the increase in the protein and gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase but augmented the increase in those of heme oxygenase-1. These findings suggest that baicalin protects hepatocytes from the oxidative damage caused by CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, and this protection is likely due to the induction of HO-1 expression and the inhibition of the proinflammatory mediators.</P>

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

특화거리 조성의 변천과정에서 나타난 Network의 중요성에 관한 연구

손재룡,최준호,이용준,이상호,이경회 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

Recently, the Specified streets are designated in the many cities. The specified street is formed naturally by gathering the same type of shops in the same street. The purpose of the specified street is to enhance and to make more lively the characteristics of the street. These specified street has the network consisted of elements, namely shop owner, the authorities, the consumers, etc. In the beginning, we examined how specific streets are made and composed in Seoul and Inchun: the street of the culture, the rodeo, and the furniture. As it turned out, the formation of the network organization in the specific streets showed that how much it is important that it impacted managing. The members of network work together for improvement of the street by negotiation and cooperation. In that process, the street scenery is also improved. This network promotes the spontaneous participation of the members of the affair. In the result of that, the effect of the network is a core which is one of the factors managing and improving specific street. A continuous examination of the more study would strengthen the importance of the network in changing specific street construction.

서울 地域 都市林의 植生構造 및 動態에 關한 硏究

손성기,김창호 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 1997 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.5

To investigate the vegetation structure and to establish restoration counterplan of the forests in Seoul area, 20 plots(each size was 400㎡) were set up and surveyed. In the point of ecological view, the urban forests(within 10㎞ from city hall) had rather simple structure and species composition as compared to the other suburban forests(farther than 10㎞ from city hall). The suburban forests would be self­recovered their ecologizal vitality if the human impact could be reduced. The urban forests have been suffered from continuous stresses such as influence of human and environmental pollution. As a result, the urban forests showed different status of vegetation structure as defined by the species diversity and habitat composition. The species diversities of the suburban forests were higher than that of the urban forests. The successional trend by analysis of vegetation structure was appeared from Pinus densiflora, P. rigida, and Robinia pseudoacacia to Quercus spp. in Seoul area. Shanon’s diversity was 1.2768∼0.9695 and Soil pH was 4.57∼4.30 in survey sites.

미국의 총기 문화에 대한 연구 : 수정헌법 2항과 민병을 중심으로

손영호,김상민 청주대학교 교육문제연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.14 No.-

유아체육 지도자의 사기저하 요인과 개선방안

손원호,현승권 한국학교체육학회 2004 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 최근 유아교육에서 중요한 교육영역으로 자리잡아가고 있는 유아체육 활동의 지도를 담당하고 있는 지도자들의 사기저하 요인을 살피보고 이를 근거로 하여 유아교육기관에서 활동하고 있는 유아체육 지도자들의 사기저하 개선방안을 규명하는 것이 목적이다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2003년 12월 현재 서울, 대전, 대구, 부산, 광주의 유아교육기관을 전집으로 하여 407명을 표집하여 유아체육지도자들의 사기저하요인을 분석하였으며, 그에 따른 개선방안을 제시하였다. 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 지역에 따른 유아체육지도자들의 사기저하 요인을 살펴보면, 정서적 탈진의 경우 부산지역이 사기저하가 크게나타났으며, 대구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 비 인격화는 대전이 가장 높고 대구가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 개인적인 성취감은 부산지역이 사기저하가 가장높교 광주가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 성별에 따른 사기저하요인은 정서적 탈진의 경우 여자가 남 자보다 사기저하가 높게 나타났으며, 비인격화는 여자가 남자보다 높게,개인적인 성취감은 별차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 연령에 따른 사기저하요인은 36세 이상이 사기저하가 가장 높고 23세이하가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 비인격화는 31세-35세가 사기저하가 가장높게 나타났으며, 23세 이하가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 학력에 따른 사기저하요인을 살펴보면,정서적 탈진은 비체육계대학(원)졸이 사기저하가 가장 높고 기타가 가장 낮게 나타났으며 1%이내에서 통계적인 유의차가 나타났다. 비인격화는 체육계대학졸이 사기저하가 가장 높게 나타났으며 기타가 가장 낮게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 개인적 성취감은 비체육계대학졸이 사기저하가 가장 높게 기타가 가장 낮게 나타났으나 통계적인 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 직위에 따른 사기저하 요인을 살펴보면, 기타가 가장 높고, 아르바이트가 가장 낮게 나타났고, 비 인격화는 경영 및 전임지도자가 사기저하가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 아르바이트가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로 유아체육 지도자들은 사회적으로 대우를 받아야 함에도 불구하고 유아교육기관에 체육교사라는 직위가 인정 되지 않아 정기적인 승진(교사호봉), 직장의료보험, 연금등에서 제외됨과 동시에 유아교육기관에 종사하는 젊은 남자가 없어 수업외 여러 잔무에 시달리고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이제는 유아교육기관에서는 기존의 유아체육 지도자들의 직위를 인정해 주어야 하며, 정기적인 승진, 호봉인상 등에서 제외 되는 일이 없어야 할 것이다. 아울러 전문적이고, 체계적인 대학(2년제 대학포함)에서 유아체육 교사를 양성 배출해야 할 것이다. 또한 개인의 발전을 위하여 상급 학교에 진학하여 꾸준히 노력하는 것이 중요하다고 하겠다. The purpose of this essay is to explore the factors of demoralization of the educators taking charge of the instruction of child physical activity taking its foothold as an important area in child education, and closely examine into the reform plan of demoralization of child physical educators acting at child educational institutions based on it. To achieve this goal, 407 subjects were sampled from the child educational institutions in Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan, and Gwangjoo as of 2003, and the factors of demoralization of child physical educators were analyzed, and its reform plan was presented. As a result of analysis, following conclusion was obtained. First, the factors of demoralization of child physical educators by region, in case of emotional exhaustion, demoralization was the highest in Busan area, and the lowest in Daegu. in case of inhumanity, it was the highest in Daejeon, and the lowest in Daegu, and personal achievement, it was the highest in Busan and the lowest in Gwangjoo. Second, the factors of demoralization by gender, in case of emotional exhaustion, demoralization was higher in women than men, in case of inhumanity, it was higher in women than men, and in case of personal achievement, there was little difference, which means that women feel more burdensome in classes than men. Third, the factors of demoralization by age, in case of emotional exhaustion, it was the highest at those of 36 or higher, and the lowest at those of 23 or lower, in case of inhumanity, it was the highest at those between 31 and 35, and the lowest at those of 23 or lower. Fourth, the factors of demoralization by career, in case of emotional exhaustion, it was the highest at those with 5 year or more career, and the lowest at those of 1 year or less career, in case of inhumanity, it was the highest at those of 5 year or more career, and the lowest at those of 5 year or less career, and in case of personal achievement, it was the highest at those of 5 year or more career, and the lowest at those of 3 year or less career.. Fifth, the factors of demoralization by marriage, demoralization was higher in the married than the unmarried, which means that many careered subjects are concerned with the status upwardness. Sixth, the factors of demoralization by school background, in case of emotional exhaustion, it was the highest at those of non-physical education graduates, and the lowest at the others, which showed statistically significant difference within 1%, in case of inhumanity, it was the highest at those of physical education graduates, and the lowest at the others, which did not show significant difference. And in case of personal achievement, it was the highest at those of non-physical education graduates, and the lowest at the others, which did not show statistically significant difference. Seventh, the factors of demoralization by monthly income, in case of emotional exhaustion, it was the highest at 1.80-2.50 million won, and the lowest at the others, which did not show statistically significant difference, in case of inhumanity, it was the highest at 1.80-2.50 million won and the lowest at the others, which showed significant difference within 0.1%. And in case of personal achievement, it was the highest at 0.8 million won, and the lowest at the others, which did not show statistically significant difference. Eighth, the factors of demoralization by position, it was the highest at the others and lowest at part time job, in case of inhumanity, it was the highest at manager and full time educators, and the lowest at part time job. In conclusion, as it may be the case, child physical educators should be socially treated, but they have not had physical teachers' position recognized, so they are excluded from regular promotion (teachers' salary step), vocational medical insurance, and pension, and troubled with many miscellaneous works as there are no young male workers engaged in child educational institutions. Accordingly, child educational institutions should recognize child physical educators' position, and not exclude them from regular promotion, rise of salary step. In addition, specialized and systematic colleges (including 2 year system colleges) should cultivate and produce child physical educators.

볏짚으로 제조한 청국장의 특성

孫東和,梁成鎬,池元大 대구산업정보대학 1998 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate main odor components of Chungkook-jang fermented with organisms in rice straw. In order to search major aroma components, changes of aroma compounds and sensory score were compared for fermentation period. 30 aroma compounds were identified as a result of analysis using GC-MSD. Aroma of Chungkook-jang was leaded by 5 compounds, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, 2,3-dimethyl-5- ethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, tetramethylpyrazine and 3,5-diethyl-2- methyl-pyrazine. Major aroma components of Chungkook-jang on aging time were studied on the basic of sensory score. The desirable odor components were showed as 1-octen-3-ol and guaiacol. The undesirable odor components were appeared as butanoic acid and 3-methyl-butanoic acid