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강동묵,김영기,김종은 대한의사협회 2011 대한의사협회지 Vol.54 No.8
Majority of musculo-skeletal diseases are degenerative and work related. Work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WRMSD) are one of the main causes of work-related illnesses in Korea. Risk factors of WRMSD are multifactorial and included in individual, ergonomic and psychological factors. The role of job stress as one of the psychological factors in the development of WRMSD is still poorly understood and there is still no consensus on the epidemiological data. However, it seems likely that the body responds to stress factors through four systems (central nervous, autonomic nervous, endocrine and immune) which are constantly interacting as a complex network. Models on occupational stress and WRMSD offer unique perspectives on the role of occupational stressors on WRMSD. So health care providers should recognize stress-WRMSD interactions through careful, directed inquiry. Because a few studies have shown that stress-related interventions have been associated with decreases in musculo-skeletal symptoms.
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강동묵,김영기,김종은 대한의사협회 2012 대한의사협회지 Vol.55 No.3
Asbestos causes several asbestos related diseases (ARDs). Not only occupational asbestos exposure but also environmental asbestos exposure can cause ARDs. In Korea compensation for workers with ARDs has been provided by workers' compensation. Because the asbestos damage relief act (ADRA) was enacted in 2011, ARDs by environmental exposure can now be compensated. Korea is the sixth country in the world to compensate environmental asbestos victims. In the ADRA, the list of compensable diseases eligible for relief consists of lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Because the back ground and criteria of each ARD for relief is different, physicians need to be familiar with all of them in order to deal with ARD patients. In this paper, the properties of asbestos, history of ARDs, and contents of the ADRA are discussed. Although the relationships between occupational asbestos exposure and ARDs have been well established, those for environmental exposure have not. More specifically, the relationship between lung cancer and environmental asbestos exposure is still not clear because of strong confounders. The first wave of asbestos problems arose from occupational exposure directly involving asbestos production, the second wave arose from usage of asbestos products, and the third wave would be related to asbestos ubiquitous in the environment. In Korea the second wave is just beginning to swell. Physicians must to prepare for these waves to crest in the near future.
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PKC-Independent Stimulation of Cardiac Na+/Ca²+ Exchanger by Staurosporine
강동묵 대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.5
[Ca²+]i transients by reverse mode of cardiac Na+/Ca²+ exchanger (NCX1) were recorded in fura-2 loaded BHK cells with stable expression of NCX1. Repeated stimulation of reverse NCX1 produced a long-lasting decrease of Ca²+ transients (‘rundown’). Rundown of NCX1 was independent of membrane PIP2 depletion. Although the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) was observed during the Ca²+ transients, neither a selective PKC inhibitor (calphostin C) nor a PKC activator (PMA) changed the degrees of rundown. By comparison, a non-specific PKC inhibitor, staurosporine (STS), reversed rundown in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. The action of STS was unaffected by pretreatment of the cells with calphostin C, PMA, or forskolin. Taken together, the results suggest that the stimulation of reverse NCX1 by STS is independent of PKC and/or PKA inhibition.
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