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The Slavic Noun Phrase: Definiteness, Little n and Case Shift
김형섭 한국슬라브어학회 2011 슬라브어연구 Vol.16 No.1
Slavic languages, regardless of the absence or presence of (in)definite articles, have a DP projection, which NP is embedded into. D is the locus of referentiality/ definiteness marking language-universally. There are many ways to mark definiteness in Slavic: word order, long-form adjectives, postpositional definite articles, clitic-doubling, etc. Under the assumption that Slavic NPs are DP, this paper has investigated the internal structure of nouns, focusing on definiteness marking, theta-role and case assignment of little n parallel to little v in CP, case shift, and the loci of internal constituents in DP. Moreover, nouns are divided into simple nouns and process nouns. Process nouns cannot have two genitive adnominal complements at the same time, while simple nouns can. There seems to be a hierarchical order among complements, adjuncts, and specifiers so that they merge together grammatically: complement > adjuncts > specifiers. Apart from what has been investigated here, there are many unsolved problems about the Slavic noun phrases, including headedness issues of DP or NP, extractions of specifiers or complements, and usage with quantifiers, etc. It is worthwhile to explore all these issues extensively later.
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러시아어 모음교체 현상에 (ablaut) 대한 이해와 교육학적 적용
김형섭 충북대학교 러시아 • 알타이지역 연구소 2022 러시아학 Vol.- No.25
This study examines the vowel-gradation/ablaut in Russian, i.e., the consistent changes of a root vowel within the structure of CVC, where occurs a series of changes of normal /e/ in the process of a qualitative or quantitative change, that is, according to the change of the normal vowel /e/, there occur many vowel-gradation/ablaut in Russian.: o-grade ( /e/ > /o/), e-grade (/ø/ or weak vowel /ь/ > /e/), zero-grade or reduced grade (by dropping a vowel > /ø/), or lengthened/long grade (quantitatively lengthening a vowel, /e/ > /ē/ or /ō/, so-called, lengthened/long e-grade and lengthened/long o-grade, respectively. The Russian ablaut provides grammatical information or linguistic characteristics, which is productive or at least marginally productive in Russian conjugation, aspectual minimal pairs, verbal or nominal derivation, etc., for cognate words. For example, cognate words have a series of vowel-gradation, which categorizes grammatical distinctions as follows: со-бр-а-ть (pf.) - со-бир-а-ть (impf.) ‘to collect’ - бер-у ‘I take’, бер-ёшь ‘you take’, бер-ут ‘they take’ - со-бор ‘synod’, с-бор ‘assembly’, etc. These cognates represent vowel-alternations of /ø/ ≈ /и/ ≈ /е/ ≈ /о/ with the distinction of grammatical information, such as perfective vs. imperfective, verbal vs. nominal, infinitive vs. conjugated form. Moreover, Russian vowel-gradation can apply to pedagogical use. Understanding a systematic vowel change, namely, ablaut, can help L2 learners of Russian maximize the effect of learning Russian cognate words with grammatical and linguistic information. From a perspective of pedagogy, the Russian ablaut informs L2 learners of a series of cognate words, which belong to another language group, such as Germanic or Italian group, etc. as well as Slavic group. For this reason, it is useful for L2 learners to understand the Russian ablaut.
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Verbal Properties in Slavic Deverbal Nouns: Process Nominals in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian
김형섭 한국슬라브어학회 2012 슬라브어연구 Vol.17 No.1
Цель данной работы состоит в том, чтобы разобраться в глагольных свойстах отглагольных имён в славянских языках. Номинализация осуществляется через диатезу между DP и CP. Семантические роли не изменяются и продолжают функционировать в любом месте предложения. Структура DP похожа на структуру СP. В Польском языке показывается, что видовое различие глагола реализуется в номинализации глаголов так, как в русском язые. Возвратные глаголы теряют или не теряют –sie, когда нужно уточнить значение. В болгарском языке более глагольные свойства отглагольных имён остаются чем в других языках. –NIE/-NE имена показывают гибридный периодмежду именами и глаголами. Прилагательные и указательные могут отличать эти два типа друг от друга. Выражения на –NIE/-NE функционируют токак деепричастие, то как отглагольные имена. В русском языке тоже существует видовое различие между совершенным и несовершенным видами, которые влияет на формирование отглагольных имён. Именительный падеж трансформируется на творительный, и винительный падеж – на родительный в прцуссе диатезы. Подлежащее непереходного глагола в именительном падеже трансформируется на родительный падеж. Использование двух родительных падежей не рекоммендуется в русском языке.
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Constraints for the Russian Middles: A Comparative Approach to English and Russian
김형섭 한국슬라브어학회 2012 슬라브어연구 Vol.17 No.2
This study investigates the syntactic structures and the semantic interpretations of the Russian middle constructions by comparing them with the English middle constructions. Some conditions and constraints for middle formations are differently applied to English and Russian as a different set of parameters. From a perspective of typology, the Russian middle structures seem to belong to type II, the languages of which are independently marked by morphological middle morphemes, such as French and Greek. Yet the Russian middle constructions have the similitude with the English middle constructions that belong to type I, so-called adverbial middles. Adverbial middles have the syntactic structure of [S VMIDDLE+СЯ *(ADV) (*NPINSTR)], which is the same as the Russian middle constructions. The Russian middle constructions are formed by the reflexive postfix –ся, which is homophonous to the passive reflexive morpheme –ся. The Russian middles are less sensitive to the constraints for middle formations than the English middles. The middles denote the property of the subjectTHEME and the generic interpretation. The middles are property-oriented and non-episodic, but not event-oriented and episodic. Non-generic middles are produced in different tense and aspect, yet generic middles - in the present tense.
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