Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 교차 타당화

이형영,윤진상,국승희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 일주기 리듬의 유형을 분류하는 설문지는 일주기 리듬을 연구하고, 교대근무의 적응력을 예측하기 위해 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Smith 등 (1989)의 조합척도를 한국어판으로 표준화한 윤진상 등(1997)의 한국어판 조합척도(Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)를 실제 직장인들에게 적용할 수 있는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 간호사 115명(순환교대 근무자 85명, 주간고정 근무자 70명)과 여대생 247명을 대상으로 KtCS와 생활습관 설문지(Life Habit Questionnaire : LHQ)를 배포하였다. 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각에 대해 KtCS 점수의 분포도를 검증하고 백분위 10이하의 점수를 받은 군을 저녁형, 백분위 90이상의 점수를 받은 군을 아침형, 그 중간의 점수를 받은 군을 중간형으로 정의하였다. 두 군 각각에서 KtCS 점수의 내적 일치도를 구하고, 요인 분석을 하였으며, 일주기 리듬의 유형에 따른 생활습관의 차이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 KtCS 점수는 부적으로 편포되어 있었으나 유의하지는 않았고, KtCS의 평균점수에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간호사 군에서 Cronbach alpha는 .836이었으며, “취침과 가상의 선호시간”, “아침의 각성”, “기상시간”의 세 요인이 추출되었는데, 문항 11이 요인 1에 추가적으로 부하된 경우 외에는 본 연구의 여대생 군 및 윤진상 등 (1997)의 요인분석 결과와 거의 동일하였다. 여대생 군에서 KtCS의 내적 일치도는 Cronbach alpha .787이었고, “취침과 기상의 선호시각”, “기상시각”, “아침의 각성” 세 요인이 추출되었다. 또한 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 생활습관에서도 일주기 리듬간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 각성, 수행, 업무 혹은 학습효과가 최고조에 이르는 시간대는 저녁형이 가장 늦고, 다음이 중간형, 아침형 순이었으며, 오전 학습효과는 아침형이, 저녁의 학습효과는 저녁형이 가장 높았으나, 오후의 학습효과에서는 저녁형과 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 취침시각과 기상시각은 저녁형이 가장 늦었지만, 총 수면시간에서는 저녁형, 중간형, 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 간호사에서 KtCS의 심리측정 속성은 여대생에서의 분포도, 내적 일치도, 타당도가 매우 유사하였고, 윤진상 등(1997)의 연구결과와도 유사하여서, KtCS 활용의 일반화 가능성이 시사된다. Objectives : It is necessary to develop a questionnaire to classify the circadian rhythm for studying circadian rhythms and predicting shift work adaptability. This study attempted to confirm the general applicability of “Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)” by Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997), a Korean version of Composite Scale(CS) by Smith et al(1989). Methods : KtCS and Life Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 155 nurses(65 rotating shift nurses,, 70 nurses on a fixed day schedule) and 247 female university students. We tested the distribution of KtCS scores and then subjects were categorized on the basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E), intermediate(I), and morning(M) types. Cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. We obtained the results of the internal consistency and the structure of factors of KtCS. We also compared the difference of life habits according to the circadian rhythm types. Results : In both groups, nurses and female university students, the distributions of KtCS score were negatively skewed but not significantly and the KtCS mean score was not significantly different. In nurses, Cronbach's alpha was 0.836, and three extracted factors were ‘preferred times of performance and going to bed’, ‘rising time’ and ‘morning alertness’. In female university students, Cronbach's alpha was 0.787, and the same three factors as nurses were confirmed. However, only item 11 was loaded to factor 1 for the nurse group, whereas it was loaded to factor 2 for the student group. Life habits significantly differed among the three circadian rhythm types. The time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical) was the latest in the E-type. The quality of academic performance during the morning was the highest in the M-type, and during the evening it was the highest in the E-type, but during the afternoon there was no significant differences among the three types. The bedtime and the rising time were latest in E-type, but the sleep lengths were not significantly different among the three types in both groups. Conclusion : The psychometric properties of KtCS in nurses were very similar to those of female university students and the previous findings of Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997). This result supports that KtCS can be generally applied.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

광굴절 매질을 이용한 칼라 패턴분류 시스템의 구현

윤진선,김남,전용성,정교일 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2000 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 논문은 광굴절 매질(LiNbO3)을 이용한 칼라 패턴분류에 관한 연구이다. 광굴절 매질을 이용하여 모양 정보 뿐만 아니라 칼라 정보도 분류하는 시스템을 구현하였다. 칼라 패턴분류 시스템의 특성 실험으로서, 자기 상관 및 상호 상관 특성 실험을 수행하여 상관 세기를 비교 측정함으로써, 광굴절 매질을 이용하여 기록된 복소 공간 필터의 유사 판별 능력을 실험하였다. 광학 실험에서 렌즈의 초점거리는 250mm, He-Ne 레이저의 참조광의 각도는 11° , Ar 레이저의 참조광의 각도는 7°를 사용하여, R에 대한 상관결과는 원점으로부터 47.7mm. G에 대한 상관결과는 원점으로부터 30.5mm에서 각각 얻을 수 있었다. In this paper, the color pattern classification technique using a photorefractive material(LiNbO3) is proposed. The optical implementation to classify the shape and color distributions is realized. The discrimination capability of the color pattern classification system is examined against the similar patterns in the optical experiment for auto-correlation and cross-correlation tests. The correlation peak of red light is obtained at coordinates (47.7, 0) and the correlation peak of green light is acquired at coordinates (30.5, 0), when the focal length of the lens is 250mm, the reference waves of He-Ne laser and Ar laser are introduced at 11° and 7° respectively.

드레인 전류 잡음원만을 고려한 스케일링이 가능한 바이어스 의존 P-HEMT 잡음모델

윤경식,이창석,맹성재,이진희,박철순 대전산업대학교 반도체기술연구소 1999 半導體技術硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-

게이트 길이가 0.2㎛인 P-HEMT에 대하여 드레인 바이어스 전류의 변화 및 게이트 폭에 대해 스케일링이 가능한 잡음모델을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 S-파라미터를 정확히 예측하기 위하여 x를 제외한 intrinsic 파라미터는 offset를 도입하여 정규화 한 후 스케일링을 하였다. 드레인 포화전류에 대한 드레인 전류의 비율과 게이트 폭을 변수로 하는 소신호 모델 파라미터의 맞춤함수를 구하였다. 또한, 잡음 파라미터를 정확히 예측하기 위하여 진성저항 잡음 온도 T_g, 게이트 단 전류 잡음원 등가잡음 컨덕턴스 G_ni 드레인 단 전류 잡음원 등가잡음 컨덕턴스 G_no를 잡음 모델정수로 사용하여 그 값을 추출하여 스케일링 하였다. 잡음 온도 T_g는 드레인 전류와 게이트 폭에 거의 추출되었다. 그러므로, G_no만을 잡음 모델정수로 하는 잡음모델과 T_g, G_ni, G_no를 잡음 모델정수로 하는 잡음모델을 측정값과 비교하여 본 결과 G_no만을 갖는 잡음모델도 측정된 잡음 파라미터와 잘 일치하였다. 따라서, 모델 정수 추출이 간단한 G_no 만을 갖는 잡음모델은 게이트 폭과 바이어스 전류에 대해 스케일링이 가능한 실용적인 잡음모델임을 확인하였다. Bias-dependent noise models of 0.2㎛ gate length P-HEMT's which are scalable with gate width are proposed. To predict S-parameters of the P-HEMT's the intrinsic parameters except for x subtracted the offsets introduced in this paper are normalized to the gate width and then scaled. The small-signal model parameters are expressed as fitting functions of the drain current to I_dss ratio and gate width. In addition, to estimate accurately noise parameters the noise temperature T_g of the intrinsic resistance, the equivalent noise conductance G_ni of the gate current noise source, and the equivalent noise conductance G_no of the drain current noise source are adopted as the noise model parameters. The extracted values of T_g are nearly independent of drain current and gate width and their average is arou

정신분열증에서의 청력장애

윤진상,이수형 大韓神經精神醫學會 1987 신경정신의학 Vol.26 No.1

To evaluate the possible relationship between hearing impairment and schizophrenic disorder, pure tone audiometry was administered to 195 hospitalized schizophrenics meeting the criteria of DSM-Ⅲ and a control group of 307 normal people. Some aspects concerning the assessment of hearing impairment (age of onset, duration, type, class and severity of hearing impairment) were investigated. Neither the congenitally or prelingually deaf patients nor the eldery adults over 45 years old were included in both groups. Schizophrenics were subdivided into two subgroups of those with hearing impairment (N=17) and those with normal hearing (N=178) and then the onset, subtype (paranoid or non-paraniod) and duration of schizophrenia plus the experience and persistence of auditory hallucination were compared between the subgroups. The results were as follows : 1) Hearing impairment (hearing loss of greater than 25 ㏈ as pure tone average in one or both ears) was identified in 17 cases (8.7%) of the schizophrenic group and 8 cases (2.6%) of the control group (p<0.01). 2) Mean loss of hearing in both ears was more severe in hearing impaired patients of the schizophrenic group than in hearing impaired patients of the control group (p<0.05). 3) Onset of schizophrenia was later in schizophrenics with hearing impairment than in schizophrenics with normal hearing (p<0.05). 4) The long standing or persistant auditory hallucination occured more often in schizophrenics with hearing impairment than in schizophrenics with normal hearing (p<0.01).

모체 Thyroxine 투여가 태아알코올효과를 가진 흰쥐 대뇌겉질 및 해마에서 NPY함유 신경세포의 생후 발달에 미치는 영향

김복,박상기,박영란,김종중,문정석,김주수,문영민,현영식,천관영,정윤영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Background and Objectives: Maternal alcohol abuse is considered to be one of the most prominent cause of neurobiological malformations in the postnatal and adult life of the offspring. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal alcohol drinking on the postnatal development of NPY-containing neuron, and, the influence of thyroxine treatment on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of pups of alcohol abused mother. Materials and Method: Time-pregnant rats were divided into three groups. Alcohol-fed group A received 35 calories of liquid alcohol diet daily from gestation day 6; control pair-fed group B was fed a liquid diet in dextrin replaced alcohol isocalorically: alcohol + T4 group C received 35 calories liquid alcohol diet and exogenous thyroxine subcutaneously. Results: Group C showed prominent NPY immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex compared to group A and B at P7. In group C, NPY-containing neurons were widely distributed in the all layers of cerebral cortex after P14. Besides, numerical decrease of NPY-containing neuron as age increases was not found in group C. However, the decrease of NPY-containing neuron was clearly observed in group A compared to group C after P14. In hippocampus, group Band C were appeared similar patterns after P7. Additionally, in group C, NPY immunoreactivity was prominently appeared in CA2 and CA3 at P14 as compared to group B. Conclusions: The present results showed the increase of intensity and number of NPY-containing neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of pups of exogenous T₄ supplemented alcohol-exposed dams as compared to control pair-fed and alcohol-exposed pups at P7. It presumably suggest that NPY-containing neurons might be regulated by the early postnatal growth stimulatory effect of the exogenously supplemented T₄. Therefore, the increase of NPY synthesis caused by maternal administration of exogenous thyroxine may ameliorate fetal alcohol effect, one of the ill effects as a result of the dysthyroid state following maternal alcohol abuse.

기능성 소화불량증 환자에 대한 반하사심탕 엑기스제의 임상효과

윤상협,류봉하,류기원,김진성 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective : We evaluated the therapeutic effect of Banwhasasimtang dry extract powder on gastrointestinal symptoms and its side effects in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Patients with functional dyspepsia, defined as discomfort in the epigastrium. A total 45 patients participated participated in this study. Dyspeptic symptoms ratio was obtained by patients, total point of symptom score / total 21 points x 100(%). On each of symptom after 4 weeks administration of Banwhasashim-tang was made by variation of symptom score: If symptoms score of posttreatment is lower than that of pretreatment, It is improved ; Otherwise aggravated, and if there is no change between them, unchangeable. When a full health condition of normal control is assumed 100%, relative health condition of dyspeptic patient could be calculated from 'full health condition- dyspeptic symptoms ratio. Therefore a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement was presented with variation of a relative health condition to dyspepsia between pretreatment and post. Results : Banwhasashimtang significantly unproved symptoms in patients. The significance was shown in both all seven items(p< 0.01, respectively) and 19.2% (p<0.01) of increase of a whole symptom improvement. There is no remarkable side-effect in all laboratory test, excepting 1 case abdominal pain another one case of recurred pain of chronic prostatitis. Conclusion : Banwhasashimtang extract provides symptomatic relief in functional dyspepsia and is no remarkable side-effect drug.