Holderlin 의 「Halfte des Lebens」

권오상 한국독어독문학회 1984 獨逸文學 Vol.32 No.1

Das Gedicht alfte des Lebens", dessen Entstehung man der Unvollendetheit der Hymme ie wenn am Feiertage" verdankt, beruht auf den Entwurfen, die Holderlin zum SchluB der Hymne auf das Blatt geschrieben hat: ie Schwane" and ie Rose". Das Gedicht, wo freie Rhythmen benutzt sind, besteht aus zwei Strophen, die in mehreren Hinsichten streng entgegengesetzt sind. Sommer, die erste Strophe, ist in diesem Gedicht die gesegnete, bluhende and fruchtbare Zeit, wahrend Winter, die zweite Strophe, die segenlose, kahle and unfruchtbare ist. Im Sinnbild zweier Landschaften Bind Sommer and Winter als Lebenshalften gegeneinander gestellt, and der Schlussel zum Sinn des Bildes liegt in der Sprache, die er verwahrt. In der 1. Strophe redet das eigene Ich, onhe sich zu nennen, in der Anrede, lebt es in der Beziehung. zur Landschaft. In der 2, fragt das einsame Ich in die winterliche Leere hinein and findet keine Antwort. Nun ist die Landschaft in der 1. Strophe ihm genommen. Zu der, die es umgibt, kann es keine Beziehung finden, Die Aufhebung der Beziehung zwischen Ich and Umwelt, das Vertriebensein ins Selbstgesprache des unbezogenen Ich ist Exil, ist Winter. Die innere Komposition der beiden Strophen entfaltet sich in vier groBen Vorstellungen: in der I. Strophe das Hangen des Landes in den See and wie eine Fortsetzung. derselben Bewegung des Niegens and Sinkens das Eintauchen der Schwanenhaupter ins Wasser; hier ist apes einheitlich and naturlich. In der 2. Strophe die suchende Bewegung der winterverfallenen Person and das bewegungslose Stehen der Mauern, deren Sprachlosigkeit nur das Klirren der Wetterfahnen mit odem Ton unterbricht, denn nun ist ja nur noch Maschinengang in der Welt, and an Stelle der Sprache von Blute, Frucht and lebendigem Wesen klingt das vom Wind gedehnte Metall. Der Sprachstil der 2. Strophe unterscheidet sich von dem der 1, mehr als der Inhalt. Manche Adjektive, die in der 1. Strophe die Substantive schmucken oder ihren Pradikaten adverbial zugeordnet Bind, Bind in der 2, verschwunden bis auf die beiden adverbial gebrauchten Adjektive prachlo" and salt". Die Substantive, an Zahl denen der 1. Strophe gleich, stehen ohne Beiworte gleichsam entlaubt ihnen gegenuberwie die kahle Baumgruppe des Winters der grunen des Summers. Die 1. Strophe enthielt eine einzige ausdruckliche Farbbezeichung elb", aber am Gelb der Birnen entfaltet sich, ohne ausdrucklich genannt zu werden, das Rotliche der Rosen, das Grun, das Birnen and Rosen umgibt, das WeiB der Schwane, and diesen starken Farben gegenuber kann auch das Wasser nur blau erscheinen. Die 2. Strophe ist durchaus farblos, nur Licht, Schatten and UmriB. Statt der bluhenden optischen Details gibt sie groBe leere Flachen. Selbst im Ruckerinnern an die Sommerwelt erscheinen nur Sonnenschein and Erdschatten and statt des konkreten Ausdrucks ilde Rosen" der abstrakte ie Blumen". Syntaktisch zeigt sich uns die 1. Strophe als eine sehr harmonisch gebaute Periode aus zwei koordinierten, parallelen, gleichlangen, sanft gespannten Satzhalften, mit der Anrede in der Mitte and durch das folgende nd" gleitend verbunden. Die 2. Strophe zerfallt syntaktisch wie inhaltlich in zwei unverbundene, symmetrisch ungleichlange Teile: die Frage der ersten vier Zeilen and die zwei kurzen antwortweigernden Satze der letzten drei. Nur in dem Fragesatz zeigt unser Gedicht subordinierenden Bau; auch er zerfallt zwar in zwei durch "und" verbundeneTeile, deren zweiter aber auf die in die in Gedankenerfolgende Wiederholung des Pradikats des ersten angewiesen ist and nicht selbstandig: wird. Der herbe Charakter, dessen Ausdruck in Wortwahl and Syntax wir besprochen haben, druckt sich auch rhythmisch aus. Zunachst darin, daP die Auftakte and SchluBsenkungen seltner werden: in der 1. Strophe haben alle Verse auger dem sechsten den Auftakt, funf von sieben weiblichen SchluB; in der 2. Strophe ist das Verhaltnis der weiblichen Schlusse zu den mannlichen nur drei: vier, das Verhaltnis der mit Auftakt zu den mit Hebung beginnenden Versen vier: drei. In den ersten Versen der zweiten Strophe trifft sich die Wirkung des Enjambements mit der Wirkung der syntaktischen Spannung. Wenn die Einfugung des Nebensatzes in den Hauptsatz diesen in zwei Teile zerriB and Spannung zu seinem verzogerten Objekt hin schuf, so verstarkt der Rhythmus diese Spannung, indem er seine Einheit, den Vers, mitten im Nebensatz abbrechen laBt, eine jahe Pause nach enn" setzt and so lurch eine weitere Hemmung die vorwartsdrangende Energie des Satzes staut and steigert. In diesem Gedicht ist auch die Lautform durchsichtig. Die hartere Bindungsform der Alliteration ist vor allem in der 2. Strophe ausgepragt, tritt aber auch in der 1, schon auf, freilich nur in ihrer zweiten Halfte, in der sie klanglich etwas harter wird and damit die 2. Strophe vorbereitet. Sehr fein ist das Gewebe der Assonanzen. In den beiden ersten Versen rind die Vokale der Hebungen so angeordnet, daB im ersten die ahnlichen kurzen" and ", im zv.eiten ein langes and ein kurzes" je ein" umrahmen. Diese Stellung gibt zum Eingang gleichzeitig das Gefuhl farbiger Fulle and harmonischer Ordnung. Die 2. Strophe beginnt mit einer viel eintdnigeren Vokalfigur, als sie in der 1. Strophe zu finden ist: alle drei Hebungen der ersten Zeile haben den farblosen Vokal, das". Unser Gedicht zeigt die Verfassung des Dichters. In der I. Strophe ist die Innigkeit lurch den Zusammenhang mit der Umwelt and das Gefuhl des Friedens gesagt, dagegen zeigt sich in der 2, das Gefuhl von Finsternis, GBtterferne and Lieblosigkeit, die Erfahrung der Vereinzelung usw. Man konnte wohl kaum noch ein anderes Gedicht finden, als dieses, in dem in mehreren Hinsichten die Gegensatze der beiden Strophen so streng ausgedruckt Bind.

Option Based Valuation of a Venture Business and the Determination of its Implied Volatility

권오상 한국경영공학회 2012 한국경영공학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Venture business has a high uncertainty in terms of future profit and growth prospect, which makes a common valuation method such as discount cash flow method undervalue the business by missing the additional value from upside potential and managerial flexibility. Instead, option pricing theory that was developed in financial markets can be used to deal with the valuation of venture business more appropriately. In general, venture business is funded at several financing rounds and a financial option called installment option has a functional and conceptual similarity to venture business. The most important parameter of any option valuation is implied volatility and the real option model has a difficulty in determining its implied volatility because there is no historical data of the underlying asset and the underlying asset value itself is not observable in the market. This paper suggests a novel way of determining the implied volatility in a systematic way. It is also shown that the proposed method has a limit in terms of the maximum implied volatility thus it is not possible to assign absurdly high implied volatility in order to obtain the value as high as it needs to be. To illustrate how to apply the valuation methodology to a real situation, one new venture business is valued as a case study at three different stages: at initial investment, at next financing round, and the final financing round.

감염병 시대의 의료윤리 : 베른하르트 헤링의 의료윤리

권오상 우리신학연구소 2020 가톨릭 평론 Vol.27 No.-

기후변화가 쌀 단수변화에 미치는 영향 : 비모수적 및 준모수적 분석

권오상,김창길 한국농업경제학회 2008 農業經濟硏究 Vol.49 No.5

This article investigates the impacts of climate change on per hectare rice production in Korea, using a 32 year data set. Both nonparametrci kernel regression and semiparametric partially linear models are estimated. The article employs several newly-developed methods that incorporate not only continuous but also (ordered or unordered) discrete explanatory variables such as regional dummies or time indices. By constructing and using regional-level data, this study incorporates much more observations than the existing works. It is shown that there is a positive relation between the average temperature and land productivity, but the impact is very small when the temperature is relatively high. There is a negative relation between the average rainfall and land productivity. It is shown that weather shocks in a harvest season have higher impacts on the productivity than those in other season.

칸트의 정신병리론과 철학상담의 가능성 모색

권오상 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 人文硏究 Vol.- No.74

This thesis is written for the analysis of the concept ‘prejudice’ in Kant’s Vorlesung über Logik, and how it have an effect to the mental disorder. Kant uses the term ‘prejudice’ to describe the set of way in which otherwise healthy understanding err. Prejudices are faulty principles connecting cognitions, and it’s action arouses various error of cognitions, and distorts actual action of understanding in the meaning of psychology. Kant gives an account of the origin of prejudices, then it's important concepts are imitation, habit, tendency. And there are various forms of prejudice, that is the prejudices of excessive trust and mistrust, and the prestige of multitude, and the prestige of ancients, etc. Especially, in the forms of prejudice, logical egoism can be the cause of mental disorder. Kant makes a division the human mental disorder, mental deficiency and mental illness. Above all, mental illness fall into four categories, that is to say, insanity, amentia, craziness, dementia. Kant also describes mental illness for each higher cognitive faculty, there are insanity, amentia, craziness. And Kant assign the lower faculty for dementia and melancholia/hypochondria. 본 논문은 칸트의 『논리학』에 나타난 편견의 개념을 분석하고 그것이 정신장애와 어떤 연관성이 있는지, 또한 그것이 정신장애에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 고찰해 보기 위한 것이다. 우선 칸트가 논리학에서 설명하고 있는 편견의 개념과 그 원인, 형태들에 대해 설명하고, 그 형태들 중에서도 논리적 이기주의가 무엇이며, 그것이 정신장애에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 또한 칸트의 『실용적 관점에서 본 인간학』에 나타나는 정신장애의 종류들에 대해 고찰해 보고, 그것이 편견 특히 논리적 이기주의와 어떤 관계가 있는지 설명해 보고자 한다. 칸트는 편견의 개념을 건강한 지성이 오류를 일으키는 방식을 기술하는 개념으로 설명한다. 편견은 인식의 잘못된 원리들로서 그 작용은 여러 가지 인식의 오류들을 일으키며, 심리학적으로는 지성의 실제적 작용을 왜곡시킨다. 칸트는 그러한 편견이 모방, 습관, 그리고 경향성이라는 세 가지 원천에서 발생한다고 보고 있다. 그러한 원천에서 발생하는 편견에는 과도한 신뢰와 불신을 일으키는 편견, 군중의 위세에 의한 편견, 위신에 의한 편견 등이 있으며, 그 중에서도 논리적 이기주의는 중요한 정신장애의 원인이 될 수 있다. 논리적 이기주의란 나의 개인적인 지성에만 일치하고, 다른 사람들의 보편적 지성의 법칙과 일치하지 않는 것으로서 그러한 인식은 올바른 것이라고 말할 수 없다. 칸트는 그의 인간학에서 인간의 정신장애를 정신지체와 정신착란으로 구분하여 설명하고 있으며, 그 중에서도 정신착란은 다시 정신박약, 정신이상, 치매, 광기로 구분하고 있다. 그리고 그것을 다시 높은 인지기능에 의한 질병과 낮은 인지기능에 의한 질병으로 구분하여, 전자에는 정신박약, 정신이상, 광기를, 낮은 인지기능에는 치매와 우울증을 배정하고 있다. 정신이상은 착란된 판단력에서, 정신박약은 지성능력의 곡해에서, 광기는 착란된 이성에서 발생하는 질병이라고 본다. 또한 치매는 객관적인 상상력의 표상을 외감으로부터 온 지각으로 보는데서 발생한다. 그리고 우울증이나 심기증의 정신장애는 지체나 착란에서 발생하는 것이 아니라 상상력의 장애에서 발생하는 것이다. 칸트는 우울증은 정신착란의 다른 쪽 경계면에 있다고 지적하고 그것은 아직 정신착란이 아니라고 말한다. 이러한 정신장애에 대한 설명과 논리적 이기주의에 대한 논의에서 칸트가 강조하는 것은 개인이 가질 수 있는 어떤 생각이나 아이디어를 다른 사람들의 것에 의해서 시험해 볼 수 있는 기회가 방해받는다는 사실이다. 정신착란의 원인은 다른 사람들의 판단의 시금석에 전혀 주의를 기울이지 않는다는 데 있다. 논리적 이기주의는 칸트의 제 1비판의 인식론적 관점에서 볼 때 주관적 타당성만을 지닌 판단이라고 할 수 있다. 그것은 아직 보편 필연적인 객관적 타당성을 갖는 것이 아니다. 그렇다면 사람들이 보다 객관 타당한 인식을 갖도록 하는 것이 철학상담의 중요한 과제가 될 수 있다. 그것은 왜곡된 인지구조가 정신병리를 유발한다고 보고 그것을 수정하여 재구성하는 것을 목표로 하는 인지치료와 유사한 특성을 지닌다고 말할 수 있다. 궁극적으로 철학상담은 사고의 편향성과 경직성을 제거함으로써 내담자의 심리적 고통을 완화시키고 현실의 문제에 보다 효과적으로 대응할 수 있도록 돕는 것이라고 말할 수 있다.

여성결혼이민자 유입이 한국 농업과 경제에 미치는 일반균형효과 분석

권오상,강혜정 한국농업경제학회 2011 農業經濟硏究 Vol.52 No.5

The number of immigrants from Asian developing countries to Korea has been increasing sharply in the past decade. A unique phenomenon of the migration is that most of the immigrants are women who marry Korean men and constitute multi-culutural families in Korea. Many of them tend to marry Korean farmers and occupy a substatial share of new marriages in rural Kroea. There have been many concerns on removing cultural bottlenecks of their settlement in Korea, but there are very few discussions on their potential contributions to the Korean economy as a source of unskilled labor. This study reviews the immigration issues and predicts the marriage immigrants' potential share of rural labor in the future. The study constructs a CGE model where a detailed labor market specification is employed and analyzes the general equilibrium effects of their immigration. It is shown that their contributions are larger when they stay in rural sectors than when they re-emigrate to urban sectors.

기상이변에 따른 농업생산 손실의 경제적 효과: 투입산출 및 CGE 분석

권오상,노재선,서영 한국농업경제학회 2012 農業經濟硏究 Vol.53 No.2

The purpose of this study in analyzing the general equilibrium impacts of agricultural production losses that occurred in 2010 due to the abnormal weather conditions. An input-output model and a computable general equilibrium model containing a detailed specifficatio of agricultural sector are constructed and used for the analysis. It is shown that the losses generated are a decline in GDP by 0.12% and a decline in household income by 0.19%. The study also shows that the burdens to low income classes are much higher than those of high income classes, and hence, the impacts are quite regressive.

논문 : 예산 조직에서의 조직의 계획된 변화 - 사례메타분석

권오상 한국정부학회 (구 대구경북행정학회) 1993 대구경북행정학회보 Vol.5 No.-

논문 : 정책연구에서 가치와 윤리 그리고 방법론

권오상 한국정부학회 (구 대구경북행정학회) 1994 대구경북행정학회보 Vol.6 No.-

만성 B형 간염환자에서 인터페론 치료후 장기적 관찰

권오상,김윤홍,연종은,변관수,이창홍,서연석,김윤홍 대한간학회 1999 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.5 No.1

Background/Aims : Several randomized controlled studies have shown that responders who had treated with interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis B had better rate of sustained loss of HBeAg and HBV DNA than non-responders. These studies also showed that non-responders had higher rates of liver related complication and mortality. But there is very little data on how well sustained responders are and whether the responders eventually lose HBsAg in Korea. The aims of this study were to better define the long term remission of chronic hepatitis B induced by interferon alfa therapy and compare the clinical outcome among the interferon responders and non-responders in Korea. Methods : Sixty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B who were treated with interferon alfa between 1987 and 1998 were followed up for serologic status (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA), biochemical tests and liver related complication or mortality. Results : Among 68 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were treated with interferon alfa, 28 (41%) responded to treatment with loss of HBeAg within 1 year of starting treatment. Up to 129 months (mean 58 months) after therapy, responders had higher rate of cumulative clearance of HBeAg at five years than non-responders (100% vs 35.1%, p$lt;0.05). Responders had maintained the normal serum ALT than nonresponders at five years (94% vs 55.6%, p$lt;0.05). Loss of HBsAg was not different between responders and non-responders (5% vs 4%, NS). The rates of liver related complication and mortality did not differ between both groups. Delayed clearance of HBeAg occured in twelve out of forty non-responders (30%). There were no differences in age, baseline ALT, histologic finding of liver biopsy, HBV DNA at the end of first year after study with IFN therapy between the non-responders with and without delayed clearance of HBeAg. Conclusion : Remission in chronic hepatitis B induced by alfa interferon maintained in long duration. But clinical outcomes such as liver related complication, mortality and the elimination of HBV infection have no differences between responders and non-responders. Further studies are needed for the role of interferon therapy in long-term clinical outcome for chronic hepatitis B. (Korean J Hepatol 1999;5:12-21)