WHO 전통의학 연구협력 허브 제도의 도입에 의한 동서의학 연구

박슬기 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

'모든 인류에게 건강'을 실현하기 위한 WHO의 많은 노력에도 불구하고, SARS,variant CJD, Ebola 등과 같이 새롭게 등장하는 질병들이 인류의 건강에 위협을 가하고 있다. 또한,결핵,천연두,페스트와 같이 우리가 건강의 역사에서 퇴치하였다고 여기는 질병들까지 다시 줄현하고 있는 실정이다. WHO에서는 세계 보건에 대한 일반적 연구 외에도,TM/CAM에 대해서 Collaborating Centers라는 자체 네트워크를 이용하여 활동하고 있다. 그러나 현재 협력센터들은 각 Region마다 산발적으로 지정되어 있어,통합적인 연구가 요구되는 실정이다. 전통의학에 대한 각국 서로의 이해와,협력센터들 간 교류를 증진하고,보다 임상적인 연구를 가능케 하는 「WHO 전통의학 연구협력 Hub 제도」를 도입해야 한다. 이를 통해 동서의학이 서로 발전하고,더불어 new, or re-emerging diseases를 퇴치하는 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 첫째,Hub 설립을 위한 예산 확보 방안과 Hub국가를 선정하는 방식을 제시한다 둘째,각국 전통의학의 다양성과 지역별 질병군의 차이에 의거하여 「연구목표질병」을 할당한다. 셋째,Hub의 연구결과를 3년마다 Authoritative information으로 만들어 세계적으로 정보를 공유하도록 하는 「전통의학 교류 연구원 제도」를 도입한다. 넷째,SARS나 A.I.가 과거 유럽 인구를 1/5로 줄어들게 만들었던 페스트처럼 되는 것을 막기 위해 Hub별 질병감시제도인「봉화(Fire Alarm)제도」를 제안한다. Western Pacific Region에서의 호흡기계 질환을 Hub 모델로 제시한다. Although the every effort to maintain health for human being of WHO, new-emerging diseases like SARS, variant CJD, Ebola are threatening our health. Also, Diseases like Tuberculosis, smallpox, plague which we think that we have conquested already are re-emerging nowadays. WHO is working for TM/CAM by its own network-Collaborating Centers for Traditional Medicine-as well as working for genaral human health. But as of now collaborating centers, are designated so sporadically, integrative study is demanding. To promote understanding of TM/CAM in each countries and exchange between collaborating centers, WHO have to attempt「WHO Collaborating Hub System for Traditional Medicine」. This study is to find a solution to develop East-West medicine and to wipe out new or re-emerging diseases. First, suggest a way to make a budget for Hub construction and to select the Hub's location. Second, assign 「Target Study Disease」by diversity of many countries in TM/CAM and regional diseases. Third, introduce the 「Exchange researchers for Traditional Medicine」. Fourth, Propose the 「Fire Alarm」system which can monitor the breakout of dangerous diseases. One Hub model-Respiratory diseases in the Westem Pacific Region-is exemplified by an assumption.

한약제형 선호도에 관한 설문조사

최현정,방나영,송보완,김남재,류봉하 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

In order to investigate to develop the new dosage form of the traditional herbal medicine which have been used for the treatment of disease in oriental medicine, we conducted a survey on 217 patients who visited oriental hospital in Kyung Hee University Medical Centre during one month since October 2003. They were given questionnaires to answer and results of this study were as the following: 1. About 45% patients visited in oriental hospital believed that oriental medicine was better remedy than modern medicine. 2. Most of patients felt that the oriental medical expenses were expensive. 3. About 60% patients preferred the modernized dosage form such as extract powder and granule, etc. rather than medicinal herbs in package. 4. Most of patients hope that decoction of medicinal herbs in package would change the advanced dosage forms such as tablet, capsule and extract powder, Because patients suffered from inconvenience of making a decoction, unhandy, unwieldy and keeping. 5. About 60% patients pointed out that merits of advanced dosage forms of medicinal herbs were convience to take and handy, etc.. However, they had an Intension that there were some difference of efficacy between decoction and modernized dosage forms of oriental medicine. Because of several defects such as unusual flavor and smell, incompatible food, large volume with amount, inconvenience of carrying and decocting oriental herbal medicines, most of patients would expect the development of the advanced dosage forms of them. In summary, this study show that it was needed to develop the new dosage forms of oriental herbal medicine on the basis of scientific research and economical cost of medical expenses.

수종 한약제의 위암세포에 대한 항암작용 효능검색 및 약리작용에 관한 분자생물학적 연구

유진화,류봉하,이지향,김진성,박재훈,지성길 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 1999 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1999 No.-

Traditional oriental medicines have been used for treatment of various kinds of human cancers for long times and some of them proven to be effective clinically. However. the pharmacological actions and mechanisms related to cancer treatment are generally unknown. In an effort to clarify the action mechanisms of several oriental medicines used for cancer treatments, we planned this experimental procedures. We selected Cordyceps sinensis (冬蟲夏草). Punellae Herba (夏枯草), Rehmanniae Radix (熟地黃), Paeoniae Radix (白芍約), Oldenlandiae Herba (白花蛇舌草), Portulacae Herba (馬齒?), Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (蜈蚣), Mylabris Phalerata (斑?), Phellinus igniarius(桑黃), Ganodermae Lignum(靈芝) for evaluation, which have been used for patients of gastric cancers. The twenty grams of medicines were boiled in 100㎖ of water for 1 hour and filtered with 0.2 ㎛ pore-sized filter unit to remove insoluble particles. Initially we evaluated the effects oriental medicines on growth inhibition in stomach cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell line, AGS, was cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and treated with 10% oriental medicines per 1 ㎖ of medium up to 48 hours. The specimens were subjected to MTT assay for evaluation of growth inhibition. We found that Mylabris phalerata (斑? ) markedly suppressed the growth of cancer cells as shown in results. Next, we checked the effects of oriental medicines on cancer on cell cycles and apoptosis. Mylabris phalerata (斑? ) inhibited cell cycle progression of cancer cells as compared with control cells and cells treated with other medicines. In addition, Mylabris phalerata (斑? ) induced apoptosis in 30-40% of stomach cancer cells within 24 hours. Other oriental medicines used for this experiments did not show apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells. Finally, we determined the expression levels of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis. The expressions of Bcl-2 and bcl-XL were downregulated by the treatments of Mylabris phalerata (斑? ), However, the expression levels of genes related to cell cycles were not altered significantly. In conclusion, we found that Mylabris phalerata(斑? ) has in vitro growth-inhibiting and apoptosisinducing effectd on stomach cancer cells. However, we think that at least animal experiments are necessary for evaluations.

이온渗透法을 爲한 韓藥物의 安定性에 關한 硏究

申鉉大,金道淵,金性洙,李鍾秀,鄭錫熙 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 1997 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1997 No.-

Iontophoresis is a simple, well-documented method of drug application for medication of tissues. It is possible to medicate electrically any surface tissue with drugs having a positive or negative charge. The technique involves transporting selected ions electrically into a tissue by passing a direct electrical current through a medication solution and the patient, using selected electrode polarity. I am interested in applying herbal medicine to a new method of treatment in musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions instead of western medicine. It is necessary to study on the stability of herbal medicine before application of iontophoresis clinically. Corydalis Tuber, Carthami Flos, and Cnidii Rhizoma were selected and studied. The results are as follows. 1. There were no significant changes in the UV spectrum pattern of these herbal medicines. 2. In the electrical conductivity measurement, the conductivity of Corydalis Tuber ranged from 18.00 to 18.57, that of Carthami Flos ranged from 17.58 to 18.28, and that of Cnidii Rhizoma ranged from 18.15 to 18.94. There were no significant changes in the electrical conductivity in connection with the UV spectrum measurement. 3. In the pH measurement, the pH of all the herbal medicines was measured between 7.06 and 7.07 in the begining, and ranged from 6.909 to 7.601. There were no significant changes in the pH in connection with the UV spectrum measurement. 4. In the quantitative analysis of ions, there were much more anions than cations in Corydalis tuber. 5. In Carthami Flos and Cnidii Rhizoma, more anions were distributed than cations. 6. More anions distributed mainly within all the herbal medicines were CI-, S042- and metals were K, Na. 7. In the HPLC chromatogram, comparing herbal medicines in cold storage with herbal medicines at room temperature, there were no significant changes. Based on these results, it shows that experemental herbal medicines have stability in the study.

한약과 양약의 병용투여와 문제점

김남재 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Drug interactions between herbal medicines and pharmaceutical drugs through concurrent use of them may increase or decrease the pharmacological and toxicological effects of either component. Especially, the possible adverse effects that may arise from drug interactions between herbal medicines and pharmaceutical drugs are equally worryig. Plausible cases of herbal medicine-pharmaceutical drug interactions include : bleeding when warfarin is combined with Dansam(Salvia miltiorrhiza), ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba), garlic(Allium sativum), or Danggui(Angelica sinensis); mild serotonin syndrome in patients who mix St John's wort(Hypericum perforatum) with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors; potentiation of oral and topical corticosteroids by liquorice(Glycyrrhiza glabra); decreased blood concentrations of prednisolone when taken with the herbal preparation(Shosiho-Tang); and increased blood concentrations of cyclosporine and calcium antagonists felodipine when taken with the grapefruit juice. The intestinal bacteria, Eubacterium sp. and Bifidobacterium sp., participate in the metabolism of active herbal medicine ingredients, glycyrrhizin, sennoside and baicalin, etc. Since antibiotics and bacterial preparations affect the bacterial population in intestinal bacterial flora, metabolism of the active herbal medicines in the bacterial flora may be altered by their combined administration. Many reports of herbal medicines-pharmaceutical drug interactions are sketchy and lack laboratory analysis of suspect preparations. Health-care practitioner should caution patients against mixing herbal medicines and western drugs

동북아지역 WHO 전통의학 연구협력센터의 새로운 역할

배선재 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

보건의료분야의 특성상, WHO는 정책올 수립하고 시행하는데 있어 전문가집단의 보조를 필요로 하는데, 이 기능을 담당하는 것이 WHO 연구협력센터이다. 전통의학 분야에서 도 9개국 18개 기관이 연구협력센터로 지정되어 활동하고 있다. 하지만 각 기관이 지금까지 쌓아온 탁월한 업적과 관계없이 WHO 전통의학 연구협력센터 프로그램에는 아직 활용의 여지가 많다. 본 연구에서는 동북아시아 지역의 연구협력센터로 대상을 구체화하여, 이 지역이 가지는 특성에 기초하여 WHO 및 타 연구협력센터와의 새로운 관계를 모색하였다. 첫째로 동양의학의 객관화 작업이 필요하다. 이는 두 가지 측면을 내포하는데, 하나는 치료 효과의 평가이며 나머지 하나는 타문화권자를 위해 간략화 · 객관화 된 진료지침을 개발하는 것이다. 치료 효과 평가 작업은 현재 집중적으로 진행되고 있으나,동양의학과 서양의학의 근본적 차이에서 오는 연구 방볍론상의 문제를 해결하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 둘째로 동양의학 세계화의 노력이 필요하다. 객관적으로 동양의학을 평가하는 것만큼 중요한 것이 동양의학의 독자성을 인정받는 것이다. 장기적 목표는 동양의학의 사상적 배경이 범세계적으로 일정 수준 이상 이해되고 수용되는데 있으며,이를 위해 동양철학 및 동양문화 연구자들파 협력하여 동양철학의 사유방식을 소개하는 문화컨텐츠의 개발이 시급하다. 한편 타 인종에 대한 동양의학적 치료의 적합성과 유효성을 평가하는 작업이 필요하며, 서양의학 외의 의학 체계와도 학문적 교류를 시도해야 한다. 동북아시아 3국이 전통의학 분야에서 차지하는 독보적인 위치를 고려할 때, 전통의학 체계화의 경험을 공유해야 한다. 이런 과제들은 동북아지역 연구협력센터간의 굳건한 상호협력 위에서 해결될 수 있을 것이다. 공동연구,인력교환 및 상호교육,공동 데이터베이스 구축 및 이용 둥의 연구 분야의 협력과 더불어 협조 조약 체결, 공동 연구 기금 조성 등 행정적인 협력이 가능할 것이다.

Basic Concepts and Treatment Methods of Obesity in Oriental Medicine

Shin,Hyun-dae WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 1996 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1996 No.-

Nowdays, obesity and overweight constitutes serious health problems in a modern complex industrial society. They are either directly, or indirectly, associated with a wide variety of diseases that account for an ever-increasing annual mortality rate. In Oriental Medicine, doctors treat problems of obesity in another way in comparison with Western Medicine. They consider the metabolic disorders of five organs, Wind(風), Phlegm(痰), Damp(濕), and Heat (熱) also give rise to obesity and overweight problems. And also, the treatment of obesity in Oriental Medicine is very various and complex. Present forms of treatment include acupuncture, herbmedications and Qigong. In particular, starvation is carried out with manipulation, negative therapy, a contrast of bathing therapy, carbon therapy, behavior modification and counselling. As stated above, the concepts and treatment methods of obesity in Oriental Medicine are unique and original. In that, Chinese Medicine differs from the point of Western Medicine, it is regarded as the cause of obesity and the lack of energy in the paunch liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Disorders in the paunch and metabolism are caused by moisture, spectrum, palsy and fever, whose explanations are the same as disorders of the digestive system, metabolic functions and the endocrine system. To treat obesity, in Chinese medicine, many treatments like Chinese drugs, acupuncture and Qikong-therapy cures are being used. Manipulation, negative pressure, physical and breathing-exercise cures are used with the fasting cure stepped into reduction, fasting, convalescence and dieting. Also, this institute analyzes dietary habits with on obesity-evaluating questionnaire, grasps the causes and constitution of obesity, performs the action-correction cures to induce changes of a wrong dietary and living habits and solves psychological disorders that are observed in obese patients through counselling. Such like this, Chinese medicine has a peculiar concept on the basic causes and classification of obesity, and uses many safe treatments without any sideeffects.

The Effect of Cranial and Penetrational Acupuncture on Recovery of Motor Disorder due to Stroke

Lee,Jae-dong,Kim,Ji-hoon,Park,Dong-seok,Choi,Do-young,Ahn,Byung-choul,Lee,Yun-hp,Choi,Yong-tae,Seo,Jung-chul,Nam,Sang-soo,Rheu,Jae-hwan,Chung,Won-jae WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 1998 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1998 No.-

Wind stroke is characterized by an acute faint. hemiparesis. unconsciousness, dysphasia and facial palsy etc. It corresponds to the term of CVA which is defined as a disease characterized by acute mental and motor disorder. In oriental medicine, herbal medicine. acupuncture and moxibustion have been administered for the treatment of mortor disorder. Cranial and penetrationa1 acupuncture have not been widely used clinically. Therefore, in the present study, the efficacy of cranial and penetrational acupuncture on the motor disorder due to stroke was evaluated. Cranial acupuncture is a kind of neo-acupuncture technique, which has been developed through combinding acupuncture theory of oriental medicine with that of the knowledge of the function of cerebral cortex of western medicine, i.e. needling on the associated point on the scalp. The present study is to evaluate the effect of cranial and penetrational acupuncture on motor disorder due to stroke. The subjects were the patients who had been hospitalized with stroke from the first of May to the thirty-first of July. 1998. The results were as follows. l. The patients who were administered cranial and penetrational acupuncture showed higher score of improvement than the control group with statistical significance. 2. As for the changes of scores according to the lesion. in comparison with the patients with basal ganglia infarction, cranial and penetrational acupuncture-treated group showed higher score than the control group with no statistical significance. 3. As for the changes of scores according to time passage from the onset to the treatment, for the patients hospitalized within 10 days after onset. the cranial and penetrational acupuncture-treated group showed higher score than the control group with statistical significance. 4. For the patients hospitalized ll to 30 days after onset and more than 31 days after onset, cranial and penetrational acupuncture-treated group showed higher score than the control group with no statistical significance.

Methanol extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis

Kim, Min-Jong,Kim, Ha-Na,Kang, Kyung-Sun,Baek, Nam-In,Kim, Dae-Keun,Kim, Young-Seol,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Jean, Byung-Hun WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Dioscoreae Rhizoma (MDR), the root of Dioscorea tokoro MAKINO, has been used for the treatment of arthritis, muscular pain and urinary diseases in oriental medicine. The present work evaluates a methanol extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (MDR). MDR did not Show any cytotoxic effect an mouse lang fibroblast cells (mLFCs) or human fibroblast-like synovial cells (hFLSCs). However, it significantly reduced the proliferation of hFLSCs stimulated by interleukin-lbeta (IL-lβ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). MDR significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-β as well as down-regulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in IL-1β- and TNF-α-stimulated hFLSCs. MDR also effectively reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that MDR may be a candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Eleutherococcus senticosus extract attenuates LPS-induced iNOS expression through the inhibition of Akt and JNK pathways in murine macrophage

Jung, Chang Hwa,Jung, Hee,Shin, Yong-Cheol,Park, Jong-Hyeong,Jun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Hyung-Min,Yim, Hee-Sun,Shin, Min-Gyu,Bae, Hyun-Soo,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Ko, Seong-Gyu WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Aratiaceae) is immunological modulator which has bcen successfully used for anti-inflammatory effectors on anti-rheumatic diseases in oriental medicine. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt modulate the transcnption of many genes involved in the indammatory process. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (C0X-2) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated macrophages. Finally, we studied the involvement of MAPKs and Akt signaling in the protective effect of Eteutherococcus senticosus in LPS-aclivated macrophages. Eteutherococcus senticosus significantly attcnuated LPS-induccd iNOS cxpression but not C0X-2 expression. In using Ihe standard inhibitors (MAPKs and Akl), our results show that Eteutherococcus senticosus downregulates inflammatory iNOS expression by blocking JNK and Akt activation.