서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

흰쥐에서 사염화 탄소(CCl4)에 의한 간섬유화의 유도

김병호,이정일,김효종,김영관,장린,동석호,장영운,송일한 대한소화기학회 1992 대한소화기학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Experimental model of hepatic fibrosis is importent contributions to the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is one of the oldest and most widely used toxin for experimental induction of hepatic fibrosis in laboratory animals. In this study, We intended to induce the hepatic fibrosis in the rat by the intragastric CCl₄/ phenobarbtal treatment once a week for 12 weeks and the administration dosage of CCl₄ in each week was determined by the daily body weight change. Liver function and histologic change were examined just after 12-week treatment in group Ia (9 rats, Phenobarbital treatment only) and II (18 rats, CCl₄/phenobarbital treatment), and liver function and the irreversibility o histologic change were examined 12 weeks after 12-week treatment in group Ib (9 rats, phenobarbital treatment only) and III (18 rats, CCl₄/phenobarbital treatment). 1) Death rate after 12-week treatment was 11% in group Ⅰ, 56% in group Ⅱ and 50% in group Ⅲ. and the highest rate was at 1 week. that is 33 o each in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. 2) Tatal protein, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and portal venous pressure were significantly increased in group Ⅱ compared with that in group Ⅰa, but it was only portal venous pressure that was increased in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅰb, 3) The gross finding of micronodular change was shown in 88% of group Ⅱ, 71% of group Ⅲ, but none of group Ⅰ. The microscopic finding of hepatic fibrosis was found in all of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, but none of group Ⅰ. The severe form of hepatic fibrosis suggesting cirrhosis was found in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 12% and 29% respectively. In our study, mortality rate was high within 1 week after CCl₄ treatment, which resulted in half survival rate after 12-week treatment. We also experienced the loin rate of severe fibrotic changes in surviving rats. In the future, in order to produce a severe irreversible fibrotic change with low mortality in inducing hepatic fibrosis with CCl₄/phenobarbital treatment in the rat, adequate detemination of the initial dose of CCl₄ and appropriate choice of administration route of CCl₄ were thought to be needed.

급성 췌장염의 시대적 변화

김배영(Bai Young Kim),김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),정형근(Hyung Keun Chung),김영관(Young Kwan Kim),동석호(Seok Ho Dong),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),이정일(Jung Il Lee),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.5

N/A Background: According to the rapid changes in social environment such as increasing alcohol consumption and the marked improvement in diagnostic technique, we expect that there have been major changes in various aspects of acute pancreatitis during the recent 12 years in Korea. Methods: The medical records of 317 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed from 1980 through 1992 were reviewed about clinical, laboratory and radiological findings in the three different time period. Results: 1) There has been an increasing incidence in male sex about three folds. 2) There has been an increasing trends in the duration of hospitalization. 3) A significant increase was observed in the proportion of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis in the three different time period; 26.9%, 45.7%, 50.7% respectively. 4) The complication rates have been slightly increased in the three different time period; 46.3%, 47.1%, 59.1% respectively. But, the type of complications has not been changed. 5) There is increasing severity in non-gallstone group, but no significant differences in gallstone group. There is a declining trends in the number of patients with muld severity index, but increasing trend in the number of patients with moderate severity index in non-gallstone group. 6) There was no significant differences in mortality rate. Conclusions: There has been major changes in the etiology ans severity of acute pancreatitis from 1980 through 1992. Especially, significant increase in the proportion of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis was observed in the three differnt time period. These results might be due to socioeconomic changes.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

흰쥐에서 반복적 스트레스가 GABA성 신경전달에 미치는 영향

김창수,이종범,성형모,시현석,김진성,박형배,정성덕,하정희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 일반적으로 생체는 각종 스트레스에 반응하여 적응(adaptation) 기전이 나타난다. 이러한 적응 기전과 관련하여 포유동물의 중요한 억제성 신경전달계인 GABA성 신경전달계의 스트레스성 자극에 대한 반응양상에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 신경전달의 변화양상은 부하된 스트레스의 종류 및 기간에 따라 다양하게 나타나므로 더욱 상세한 연구를 필요로 한다. 방 법 : 본 연구에서는 하루 2시간의 부동화 스트레스를 반복적으로 2주간 부하한 흰쥐의 뇌조직에서 GABA성 신경전달의 변화 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 수용체 결합반응을 통하여 GABA 수용체의 각 component별 배위자들의 각 수용체에 대한 결합 반응의 변화 양상을 정상 대조군와 비교하여 보고, 유의한 변화가 있는 부분의 상세한 검정을 위하여 포화결합반응을 통하여 친화력(Kd) 및 최대결합력(Bmax)에서의 변화양상을 검색하였다. 뿐만 아니라 GABA성 신경전달에 관여하는 중요한 신경전달체인 내인성 GABA의 함량과 대사효소인 GABA transaminase의 활성도의 변화양상도 검색하였다. 결 과 : 연구결과 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 GABA 수용체 효현제인 [³H]muscimol의 흰쥐 뇌조직 GABA 수용체에 대한 결합도에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 대뇌피질조직의 GABA 대사효소인 GABA transaminase 활성도를 감소시켰으나, 피질조직외의 다른 조직의 GABA transaminase 활성도나 내인성 GABA의 농도에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반복적인 부동화 스트레스를 부하한 흰쥐의 대뇌피질, 해마 및 시상하부 조직에서는 [³H]flunitrazepam의 수용체 결합도가 감소하였으며, 포화결합 반응결과 수용체의 수가 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 흰쥐에게 부하한 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 뇌조직의 benzodiazepine 수용체의 수를 감소시킴으로써 GABA성 신경전달을 감소시키며, 이러한 GABA성 신경전달계의 변환은 생체에서 스트레스로 인한 행동장애의 한 기전이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. Objectives : Changes of GABAergic neurotransmission in response to the application of different types of environmental stress have been the subject of research for over two decades. However, the nature of the changes induced by stress appear to show a dependent phenomena on the type and duration of stressor agent employed. Methods : For this reason, this study was performed to observe the effects of repeated stress on the radioligands binding to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors of discrete brain regions. The author also examined the activity of GABA transaminase and the concentration of endogenous GABA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-200g were forced to suffer an immobilization stress for 2 hours during 14 consecutive days. Results : Repeated immobilization stress decreased the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam on the benzodiazepine receptor in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Saturation experiments followed by scatchard analyses of the results showed decreased density of benzodiazepine receptor and the affinity remained unchanged. Repeated immobilization stress did not affect the binding of [3H]muscimol on the GABAA receptor, the activity of GABA transaminase, and the concentration of endogenous GABA in the brain regions. Conclusions : From these results, it can be concluded that repeated immobilization stress modulated GABAergic neurotransmission via downregulation of the benzodiazepine receptor in the brain.

응급실 자의퇴원환자의 요인분석

김승환,김옥준,장석준,정구영,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Discharge against medical advice(AMA) in the emergency department is a frustrating, painful event to both patients and emergency physicians and emergency physicians. A retrospective chart review of 347 consecutive AMA patient from our emergency department from December 1992 to May 1993. Among them, 185 patients were interviewed with our researcher about primary cause of AMA through telephone contact. The results were as follows : 1. Total 9,705 patients visited our emergency department during 6-months period and there was 347 AMA patients(3.6%) 2. The main reasons for 185 AMA were ; 1) patients' or family's own problem in 114 cases(61.6%) 2) changes in patient condition(terminal case, improvement) in 56 cases(30.3%). 3) dissatisfaction to medical services in 15 cases(8.1%) 3. During same period, there was 117 cases of drug intoxication mainly due to suicidal attempt and 18 AMA was noted. Among 18 AMA cases, 16 patients discharged against medical advice due to patients' own problem(mainly due to economical problem) but none of them revisited OPD or emergency department. 4. Eight of 40 AMA patients with symptom improvement were managed in OPD, emergency department or other hospital but none of them admitted. In conclusion, we noticed that the main cause of AMA is non-medical problem in Korea and there should be continuous effert to improve our medical insurance system, emergency medical services system. Only through the judicious use of AMA, it can be used as a tool of determining patient satisfaction and quality improvement in emergency medical field.

Altered Regulation of Renal Acid Base Transporters in Response to Ammonium Chloride Loading in Rats

Kim, Eun-Young,Choi, Joon-Seok,Lee, Ko-Eun,Kim, Chang-Seong,Bae, Eun-Hui,Ma, Seong-Kwon,Kim, Suhn-Hee,Lee, Jong-Un,Kim, Soo-Wan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.2

The role of the kidney in combating metabolic acidosis has been a subject of considerable interest for many years. The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of renal acid base transporters in acute and chronic acid loading. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Metabolic acidosis was induced by administration of $NH_4Cl$ for 2 days (acute) and for 7days (chronic). The serum and urinary pH and bicarbonate were measured. The protein expression of renal acid base transporters [type 3 $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 $Na^+/{HCO_3}^-$ cotransporter (NBC1), Na-$K^+$ ATPase, $H^+$-ATPase, anion exchanger-1 (AE-1)] was measured by semiquantitative immunoblotting. Serum bicarbonate and pH were decreased in acute acid loading rats compared with controls. Accordingly, urinary pH decreased. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase, AE-1 and NBC1 was not changed. In chronic acid loading rats, serum bicarbonate and pH were not changed, while urinary pH was decreased compared with controls. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase was increased in the renal cortex of chronic acid loading rats. These results suggest that unaltered expression of acid transporters combined with acute acid loading may contribute to the development of acidosis. The subsequent increased expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase in the kidney may play a role in promoting acid excretion in the later stage of acid loading, which counteract the development of metabolic acidosis.

용접결함의 형상인식을 위한 분류기 알고리즘의 성능 비교

김재열,김영석,김창현,양동조,이창선,송경석 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

In this study, we compared backpropagation network(BPNN) with probabilistic neural network(PNN) as the classification algorithm of welding flaws. For this purpose variables are appied the same to two algorithm. Here, feature variable is composed of time signal itself and frequency signal itself. Those are ultrasonic signals reflected on welding flaws. Through this process, we comfirmed advantages/disadvantages of two algorithms, identified application methods of two algorithms to classification methods of welding flaws. These advantages/disadvantages and application methods are based on theoretical backgrounds.

에타놀 정맥투여 고양이의 뇌압 변화에 관한 연구

김세훈,장석종,박해근 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

It has been well known that respiratory status has affected the intracranial pressure by' changing the brain blood flow, and also ethanol has affected the respiratory system by inhibiting the respiratory center and has affected cardiovascular system by inhibiting the cardiac performance and decreasing the total peripheral resistance. However, effect of ethanol on intracranial pressure has not been studied satisfactorily. Thus, following experiment was performed to examine the change of the intracranial pressure after ethanol administration in the cats. Ethanol was infused intravenously by lg ethanol per kg body weight for 15 minutes. Intracranial pressure was measured through balloon inserted between epidura and skull. Arterial blood pH, Po_2, Pco_2, ethanol concentration were measured. The results obtained are surnmerized as follows. Blood ethanol concentration increased by linear and peaked at 15 minutes(blood ethanol concentration was 409±31 mg%). Po_2, Pco_2. and pH at 15 minutes were 80. 3±5. lmmHg, 49.2±3.3mmHg and 7.24 =0.015 respectively. Blood pressure began to decrease and arterial pulse pressure began to increase at 10 minutes and more and more at 15 minutes respectively. Intracranial pressure began to increase at 10 minutes (blood ethanol concentration was 316±33 mg%) and peaked as 168.7±11.4% contrast to control at 15 minutes and also amplitude of intracranial pulse wave was increased. From the above results, it was suggested that intracranial presssure and amplitude of intracranial pulse wave were increased significantly by inhibiting respiratory center and thereby dilatating cerebral blood vessels with intravenous ethanol administration.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.