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김창현 국제고려학회 서울지회 2007 국제고려학회 서울지회 논문집 Vol.9 No.-
The capital of Goryeo, Gaegyong was formed centering around Song-Ak, the birthplace of Taejo Wang-Gun (the first King of Goryeo Dynasty), with the region of Seong-Geo San, O-Kwan San, and Song-Ak San, where the predecessors of Wang-Gun had lived, as its backgrounds. The capital Gaegyong was born with a historical background of Post Three States, and continued to change according to the reunification of the Post Three States and the historical developments afterwards. The city structure of Gaegyong reflects not only the lifestyle of Goryeo people but also that of the predecessors. This paper examines the formation of Goryeo Gaegyong, and pursues where it is originated. The city structure of Gaegyong has Buddhism, Yin-Yang Pungsu, Confucianism, Taosim, and Shamanism as its ideological background, and take the topography into consideration. The downtown was formed around the cross where the east-west thoroughfare and the north-south one meet. Also, Goryeo enshrined Yuhwa in Dongsinsa in the east of Gaegyong, put the main entrance of the royal palace not in the south but in the east of the city calling it Gwanghwamun, and called it Ilyeok, which means where the sun rises. The people of Goryeo considered Goryeo as a country of arboreal nature and regarded the east as important, which was reflected in the structure of Gaegyong. The people of Goryeo made the unique figure of Gaegyong, taking in the various features of China, Goguryeo, Silla, Balhae, and Gungyae Dynasty in pragmatic ways. The royal palace of the Goryeo was located on a hill with regard to the topography while that of Joseon, Gyeongbokgung, was on a flatland in a straight north-south line. Since Goryeo maintained the palatial system of an empire unlike Joseon, which maintained that of a kingdom, the palace of Goryeo, including both the imperial palace and a royal one, is significantly different in structure from Gyeongbokgung of Joseon, which has only a royal palace. This difference is due to the difference in the world view of the people of the two countries.
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조셉 콘라드의 「암흑의 오지」에 나타난 사실적 구조와 신화적 구조
김창현 새한영어영문학회 2003 새한영어영문학 Vol.45 No.1
The Realistic and Mythic Structure in Joseph Conrad's Heart of DarknessKim, Chang-hyunAlthough the realistic and the mythic elements are spread throughout Heart of Darkness, the whole narrative is divided into two rather distinctive modes of realism and myth. And the realistic structure of the outer box or frame and its mythic structure of the inner box bring out the interaction of realism and myth. Thus, with realism and myth interacting, Heart of Darkness maintains aspects of realistic discourse through the presentation of material and physical environment, historical events and institutions, and moral and cultural reactions to these events and institutions; it also ultimately achieves its universality of theme through the mythic elements in its verbal register, plotting and character configuration. If Conrad had used only realistic structure, the narrative could not transcend the level of social, political criticism. But with its underlying mythic structure and archetypal inward journey, the narrative reaches deep into human nature, the hidden inside of the whitewashed tomb. By making the realistic components and mythic components interact, Conrad achieves in his narrative the dynamics of both, a verisimilitude that penetrates far beyond itself into Marlow's, the frame narrator's, and the sympathetic reader's dark heart.
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김창현 (사)한국인물사연구회 2009 한국인물사연구 Vol.11 No.-
의종은 초반에 무예와 군사훈련을 중시하는 정책을 폈고 무반과 비서를 중시했다. 그는 이를 통해 왕의 권위를 고양시키고 국가의 위상을 상승시키려 했다. 하지만 문반으로 이루어진 대간과 재상의 강력한 반발에 부딪쳤다. 의종 초반처럼 그들이 강력하고 끈질기게 언론활동을 통한 항의를 한 적은 드물었다. 이에 의종은 그들과 타협해 군사력 강화 정책을 포기하고 문치주의 정책을 폈다. 의종은 초기부터 사적인 비서인 내시와 환관은 물론 공적인 비서인 승선을 강화해 관료에 대한 지배력을 높여 갔다. 의종은 자신의 왕권을 위협하는 동생과 그 세력에 대한 숙청을 원했다. 대부분의 대간과 재상이 이에 적극 협력하면서 왕과 타협했다. 왕은 신하들에게 유희를 제공해 그들을 자신의 편으로 만들어 왕권 안정을 꽤 이루었다. 그 결과 대간과 재상의 왕의 과도한 일탈과 유흥에 대한 견제 기능이 갈수록 마비되었다. 무반과 군졸과 백성은 소외되고 힘들어졌다. 의종은 열린 인사정책을 펴서 세족 출신보다 신흥가문 내지 한미한 가문 출신을 요직에 더 많이 등용해 자신에 대한 충성을 이끌어냈다. 하지만 치세 후반기에 무신을 고위직에서 소외시킨 결과 무신의 분노를 초래했다.
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김창현,홍현주,정명훈,박재용,전덕인,홍나래 대한노인정신의학회 2014 노인정신의학 Vol.18 No.1
Objective:The aim of this study was to explore risk factors behind delirium in elderly inpatients with orthopedic problem. Methods:The subjects were 94 elderly patients (≥65 years old) who admitted to a department of orthopedic surgery. They were evaluated with Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and were diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision through direct interview with psychiatrists. The demographic data, medical histories, and orthopedic chart were checked through medical records of patients. Results:20 subjects (21.3%) were diagnosed as delirium, and among them, 10 subjects had hyperactive type (50.0%), 6 had hypoactive type (30.0%) and 4 had mixed type (20.0%). Delirium group had high systolic blood pressure (p=0.007) and plasma glucose level (p=0.001) at the admission day. They had low hemoglobin (p=0.002) and potassium level (p=0.017) after surgery. Conclusion:In our study, there were many delirium patients, and even though there were many hypoactive type patients. It is assumed that delirium occurs more at the surgery or damage with larger loss of blood. It is important that we take care of management of past diseases rather than presence of past diseases. It is necessary to develop guidelines which would help to find out high risk patients for delirium.
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