서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

한국 정신장애의 역학 조사 연구[I] : 각 정신장애의 유병률

조맹제,함봉진,김장규,박강규,정은기,서동우,김선욱,조성진,이준영,홍진표,최용성,박종익,이동우,이기철,배재남,신정호,정인원,박종한,배안,이충경 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives : This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI). Methods : Subjects were selected by taking multi-stage, cluster samples of 7,867 adult household residents, 18 to 64 years of age, in ten catchment areas. Total 78 trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents, from June 1 to November30,2001. Results : Total 6,275 respondents completed the interview. Some 33.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime disorder, 20.6% reported at least one-year disorder, and 16.7% reported at least one-month disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (17.24%), nicotine dependence/withdrawal (11.19%), specific phobia (5.16%), and major de-pressive disorder (4.25%). The lifetime prevalence of substance abuse/dependence (0.25%) and schizophrenia (0.16%) was very low. Nicotine and alcohol use disorder showed very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among female than male. Conclusion : The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in distributions of psychiatric disorders across the areas and times were observed.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

교사들의 공통과학 실험 · 실습 선호도 조사 분석

정원우,이윤종,강용희,윤일희,이우붕,손종경,김중욱,강동진,권용주 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the experimental and practical education in high school general science. The present status and reasonable management of the experimental and practical education in high school general science were evaluated by the questionaires. To do this, 146 science teachers in Korea are administered questionaires. The frequency of the experimental and practical items in the seven kind of general science text books were investigated. The problems and the reasonable management for experimental and practical education were proposed in this paper.

韓國農村 새마을 運動의 社會學的 評價

鄭喆洙,朴宗祐 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1975 東洋文化硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The New Village Movement in Korea was initiated in 1970 to bring about the modernization of Korean rural society through innovations of various kinds. The movement, that is social change, is not an immanent change arising from the social system itself but a contact change from the outside of the system. Nor is it a selective contact change but a direct contact change or a planned change by the government. More than five years have passed since its initiation. Therefore, this paper aims at present to evaluate the present status of the New Village Movement and to measure cultural, technological, and environmental changes, if any, of rural society. Consequently, the study is concerned with the sociological and social psychological examination of the present status of adoption of the innovations within the community. The methods utilized for aquiring data are: formal or informal interviews with the persons concerned, examination of the existing records and the previous studies available, and finally a survey of 439 households. The survey was conducted in February 1975. The sample approximates a systematic random sample of 430 farm households within the boundary of North and South Kyungsang Provinces (220 from Community Development village, 210 from Non-Community Development village), with 420 households sufficiently complete to process. Major findings of the study are summarized as follows: (1) Among the farmers in general, the adoption rate of agricultural innovation programs encouraged by the agricuiture supervising authorities seems to be very high. 18 items were used for this measure such as the planting of recommended seeds, the practice of seed sterilization, the use of weed spray before making the rice seed-bed, the use of vinyl cover on the rice seed-bed to keep the bed warm, the use of fertilizer at a proper time after transplantation, the spraying of preventive chemicals after transplanting, the spraying of a proper amount of preventive chemicals prior to the occurrence of large numbers of insects, the use of compost for rice growth last year, the practice of testing the degree of the acidification of the soil, early plantation of the rice plant, the renewal of rice seeds every three years, a deep plowing of the paddy-field, the adjustment of the amount of the use of nitrogenous fertilizer to prevent rice plant fever, the planting of bean plants along ridges between paddy-fields, and so on. In these 19 items, the rate of adoption of the innovations was higher than 70% for 13 items, and more than a half of the farmers respsnded positively for all of the items above except one, the practice of testing the degree of the acidification of the soil. In addition, the rate of the adoption of agricultural innovations is higher among the members of C·D village than members of Non-C·D village. (2) Farmers' living conditions seem to have been improved. Four of the six items such as replacement of thatch rooves by slate, fence and road repairs, and the modernization of the kitchen were adopted by more than a half of the farmers. Especially, more than 80% of the farmers showed favorable attitudes toward the items for the replacement of thatch rooves by slate and road repairs. And members of C·D village than those of Non-C·D village in general show a higher adoption rate for improving in their living conditions. (3) The rational life index measured by 16 items for the use or non-use of the farming plan mannual, subscription of a magazine on farming, listening to radio programs on farming, etc. seemed to be considerably high among the farmers surveyed in general. More than a half of the farmers adopted all the items. Higher rates of adoption of rational life techniques are seen among the members of C·D village. (4) The standard of living of the majority of the farmers has been improved since 1970. Higher improvement is seen among the members of C·D village. (5) Although 84.8% of the farmers have favorable attitudes toward family planning(C·D village: 88.1%, Non-C·D 81.2%), the proportion of actual practice of family planning among the farmers is much lower campared to their attitude. By camparison of two villages in terms of the knowledge about, attitude toward, and practice of family planning, much higher proportion of members of C·D village than those of Non-C·D village keep positive values. (6) Among the farmers, a great gap is found between the attitudes toward and practice of standardized and abridged procedures of family rites which are highly encouraged by the government. That is, most of the farmers regardless of the members either of C·D or Non-C·D, show a favorable attitude toward it, but a significant part of them hesitate to practice it. (7) Approximately 90% of the farmers participate at least in one group activity. (the rate of participation is slightly higher among tne members of C·D village than Non-C·D village.) (8) Achivement motivation in general is higher among the members of C·D than those of Non-C·D village. (9) Great change is seen in the farmers' traditional value orientation. Greater changes were found in C·D village than in Non-C·D village. This was measured by the examination of their attitudes toward such items as: fatalism, kinship ties, locality consciousness, dependency upon kinsmen, traditional distinction between the sexes, family determined marriage, preferential attitude toward boys, devination to decide if a proposed marriage is possible, seniority the idea of putting government officials above the citizens, the idea of distinction between the gentry and peasantry, dominance of men over women, magic, etc, Of the 12 items there has been least change in those items concerned with attitudes toward seniority and family determined marriage. (10) The rate of adoption of innovations among the farmers both cultural and technological is highly correlated with their acreage under cultivation. (11) Farmers who have a higher rate of adoption of innovations are more likely than those with a lower rate to have favorable attitudes toward improvement in their living conditions, rationalization of their daily life, and the participation in group activities. They also have a higher achievement motivation than those of the less adopting group. (12) When farmers were asked the meaning of the few Village Movement, the majority of them replied that it meant improvement in the living environment and an increase in income. (13) More than 90% of the farmers responded positively to the New Village movement since they were certain that it greatly contributed to development of their community.

논산 강경 구 한일은행 강경지점에 관한 연구 : 역사성 고증을 중심으로

우종환,김정동 牧園大學校 建築·都市硏究센터 2002 建築·都市環境硏究 Vol.10 No.-

we execute historical investigation of ex-Hanill Bank of Ganggyeong branch and divided the result into 4 ranks as a photograph, map, administrative document (Copy of Real Estate Register), related literature. We put the divided items together for analysis, so that we can see some of new things and different things from founded facts. As for the social and cultural aspect it's representative 'modern of Korea' as a small and medium city based on the special culture and economic foundation of Ganggyeong area. And the study for the ex-Hanill Bank of Ganggyeong branch began to take shape under the circumstances that the residents are trying to establish an identity of the district and their education fever is getting at its high pitch. Together with the above it can deserve the importance because it makes foundation of affluent cultural-environment in the heart of the city as a cultural facilities.

관해된 정신분열병과 양극성장애 환자의 언어성 기억 및 학습 기능 비교

우종민,정성심,정인원,김이영,이동수,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구는 관해 상태에 있는 정신분열병과 양극성장애 환자의 언어성 기억 및 학습 기능을 평가하고 이를 정상대조군과 비교하여 기억 요소의 질환별 특성을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 방 법 : 관해상태의 정신분열병 환자 30명과 양극성장애 환자 28명 및 정상대조군 72명을 대상으로 성, 연령, 교육연한, 발병연령, 잔여증상, 추체외로증상, 단순주의력 수준을 통제한 후 한글언어청각학습검사를 실시하여, 초과용량 즉각기억, 기억의 등록, 유지, 인출, 재인, 학습전략, 간섭효과를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 한글언어청각학습검사 결과를 세 집단간 비교한 결과, 정신분열병은 전행성 간섭효과를 제외한 모든 항목에서 대조군보다 유의하게 저하된 기억 수행을 보였으며, 양극성장애에 비해서도 대부분의 회상 시도에서 유의한 저하를 보였다. 특징적으로 학습 전략 활용 능력이 저조하였다. 양극성장애는 대조군에비해 즉각기억, 재인,학습전략에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 반복에 따른 회상과 학습은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 저하되었다. 정신분열병에 비해서는 전반적으로 비슷하거나 우월했지만, 간접자극 제시에 의한 회상 저하는 세 집단 중 가장 크게 나타났다. 환자군에서 검사성적에 대한 임상적 특성의 설명력을 분석한 결과, 정신분열병에서는 BPRS의 무력증 소척도, 유병기간, 입원횟수 등이 유의한 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났고, 양극성장애에서는 우울삽화 횟수가 유의한 설명력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 관해상태의 양극성장애와 정신분열병 모두에서 대조군과 구별되는 언어성 기억 및 학습 기능 저하가 관찰되었다. 이러한 기억 및 학습 기능의 결함은 이들 두 장애의 고유한 질병 특성 표지자일 가능성이 높으며, 향후 이들 질환의 병태생리를 이해하고 치료적 접근 방법을 모색하는 데에 단초가 될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This study was to investigate the verbal memory and learning ability in remitted schizophrenic patients and euthymic bipolar patients in order to explore trait-dependent cognitive deficits of each disorder. Methods : Verbal memory was assessed with KAVLT(the Korean version of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) in outpatients with remitted schizophrenia(N=30), euthmic bipolar disorder(N=28), and normal control(N=72), KAVLT is made for assessment of immediate supraspan memory, registration, retention, retrieval, recognition, learning strategy, and interference effect. Several confounding factors including age, sex, educational level, attention span, residual psychopathology, and extrapyramidal symptoms were controlled among 3 groups. Patient groups were matched according to the age of onset, duration of illness, and frequency of hospitalization. Results : 1) The performance of bipolar group generally fall between the performance of schizophrenia and normal controls, while being most impaired in retroactive interference. Schizophrenic group showed significant impairment on most variables of KAVLT in comparison with the groups of bipolar disorder and normal control. 2) Within group analysis revealed that residual negative symptoms, duration of illness, and number of admission were highly correlated with the impairment of verbal memory and learning in schizophrenics. Number of depressive episodes and age were negatively correlated with verbal memory and learning among bipolar disorder patients. Conclusions : Both remitted schizophrenia and euthymic bipolar patients showed distinctive impairment in verbal memory and learning compared with controls. These results suggest that apecific impairment of verbal memory and learning in remitted state can be trait-dependent marker in both diseases. These deficits can give clues to the understanding of the pathophysiology and searching for more appropriate therapeutic interventions of mental disorders to improve cognitive deficits in remitted patients.

실과 교육과정 평가의 기본 모형과 평가 영역에 관한 연구

정성봉,김종우 韓國實科敎育硏究學會 1999 實科敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study was to suggest evaluation basic model and evaluation area of the Practical Arts curriculum evaluation. The study was carried out through review of literature on curriculum, curriculum development and curriculum evaluation. The curriculum evaluation basic model for Practical Arts were established three demensions; aspects of curriculum, levels of curriculum and evaluation methods of the curriculum. The aspects of curriculum include three major areas of curriculum--development, implementation and outcomes. The levels of curriculum include three layers of curriculum in Korea--national, regional and school curriculum. The third dimension represents evaluation methods by which the values of the curriculum are determined. The two evaluation methods include quantitative approach. The curriculum evaluation areas for Practical Arts were established three categories; curriculum development, implementation and outcomes.

Pollen Viability of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) in in vitro Germination and its Application to Male Gametophyte Isolation

Woo, Sun-HeeㆍKeun-Yook ChungㆍHeung-Tae, KimㆍYong-Gu, ChoㆍHong-Sig, KimㆍBeom-Heon, Songㆍ Chul-Won, Lee and Seung-Keun Jong 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2004 農業科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

단백질 분해효소 생성 호염성세균의 분리 및 효소 생성

정영철,김양우,노종수,강인수 진주여자전문대학 1996 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

For the accelerating fermentation of high salt anchovy using halophilic proteolytic microorganisms, various halotolerant or halophilic protease-producing strains were isolated from 13 types of high salt fermented fish pastes. Among 13 halotolerant and 4 halophilic isolates which produced proteases on PS agar medium containing a different NaCl concentration from 0% to 20%, one halotolerant and protease-producing strain, CK-14 was identified as a member of Bacillus sp., and another halophilic and protease-producing strain , LF-7, a member of Vibrio sp. through fatty acid composition analysis. The NaCl range for growth and protease production of Bacillus sp. CK-14 and Vibrio sp. LF-7 in PS broth was extended from 0% to 12.5%, and from 5% to 20%, with an optimal concentration of 5% and 7.5%, respectively. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth and protease production of Bacillus sp. CK-14 and Vibrio sp. LF-7 were 30℃ and 35℃, pH range of 8.0 to 8.5 and 6.5 to 9.5, respectively. The maximal protease activity of Bacillus sp. CK-14 was 3200 unit after 6% incubation, and that of Vibrio sp. LF-7 was 3980 unit after 120hr incubation under optimal culture conditions.