Virtual 토폴로지를 이용한 WDM LAN의 링, 버스, 스타 토폴로지와 Shufflenet의 성능평가

정길현,이정규 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1995 공학기술논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) provides high speed communication networks by utilizing the vast bandwidth of optical fibers. Electronic bottlenecks can be avoided and various network features are offered by using WDM. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of ring, bus, star topologies and shufflenet under this WDM regular virtual topologies. The ring topology has been adopted as the appropriate structure for Local Area Networks (LAN). The performance of unidirectional ring topology, bidirectional ring topology and shufflenet have been compared with the node processing efficiency by using WDM. The average distances, which is the important parameters of regular structures, has been computed and then the computation has been confirmed via simulation. As results, it has seen that the performance of ring, bus, and star topologies in case of regular virtual topology are equal and the performance of shufflenet is better than that of ring topology.

용량별 죽력 투여가 생쥐의 간과 신장의 조직 및 혈액학적 변화에 미치는 영향

정종길,나창수,김경수,홍광표,김정상 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives : Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracts (BE) has been used for various curative effect that remove intense heat from the heart, replenish deficiency Yin, nourish deficiency blood, resolve phlegm. This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of BE to mice according to the administered dosage. Methods : The experimental groups divided four. Control group treated saline, J1 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:15(0.05ml/kg), F2 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:7(0.05ml/kg), J3 group treated BE and distilled water in the ratio of 1:17(0.05ml/kg). We administered BE to the mice for 24 weeks at interval of 48 hours, and investigated the body weight, changes in hematological profile, activities of the transaminase(GOT, GPT) and two hepatic antioxidant enzyme(SOD, catalase), and histological changes of the liver and kidney. Results : Leukocytes of J3 group were increased in the administered for 12 weeks, but decreased in the administered for 24 weeks. Platelets were decreased about 36% in J3 group treated for 12 weeks, but increased about 50% in the same group treated for 24 weeks. Blood total proteins were decreased slightly in the all experimental groups compared with control group. The activities of the transaminase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were increased, but decreased activities of catalase in the J2 and J3 groups administered for 12 or 24 weeks. In the light microscopical observation, ballooned and injured hepatocytes in portal vein area of J1 group occurred, and dilated hepatocytes and disoriented sinusoid observed in J2 group administered extracts to mice for 24 weeks. Apoptosis occured in the ballooned and injured hepatocytes of the portal vein area in J3 group. A agglutination of RBC in glomerular capsule of the kidney observed in the J2 group, and destructed convoluted tubule observed in the J3 group treated for 24 weeks. Conclusions : These results indicate that mice treated with high dose BE develop a hematological changes, dysfuncton of the liver and kidney.

성인 여성의 댄스스포츠 참가가 신체이미지와 자기표현에 미치는 영향

곽효정,이종길 충남대학교 체육과학연구소 2007 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.25 No.1

The background variances in the test were age, education level, married/single, income, and independent variance is participating vs. not participating in Dance sports. Self body image and self expression were set as methodological variance and independent variance each. Weight, health condition, body shape related scales were adopted to diagnose the self physical image using paper survey. Self expression is assessed with survey questions related to proactive expression, ethical expression, altruistic expression, direct expression scales. The survey was consisted of 5 questions for each category so that the total number of questionnaires was 20. One-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were applied to analyze statistical the data. According to such methodology and process, the result of this study explains followings, First, the change of self body image of participants in Dance sports was statistically meaningful compared to non-participants. Also, the participants showed meaningful increase of score in weight, heath condition, body shape related factors which are the lower elements of self body image. Next, the change of increase in self expression of participants was also statistically meaningful compared to control group. Finally, the interaction between dance sports, self body image, and self expression was supported with meaningful result which was strengthened with direct and indirect effect of self body image on self expression. Therefore, the study of this paper presents the strengthened self expression through improved self image which is visualized by Dance sports.

사매가 Ovalbumin감작으로 유발된 천식 생쥐 모델에서 기관지염증 억제에 미치는 영향

임중근,노성수,길기정,이영철,서영배 대한본초학회 2005 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by airway eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion, and hyper-responsiveness to both inhaled allergens and nonspecific stimuli. Eosinophil are important in the pathogenesis of asthma, with release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines, and IgE after exposure to allergen. Objectives : This research investigates the effect of the extract of Duchesnea chrysanta (EDC) on OVA-indued asthma murine model. Methods : After i.p of C57BL/6 mice, OVA sensitization (day 0) were challenged intratracheally with OVA on days 8 and 21. EDC administered weeks 8, blocked the airway inflammatory response to OVA assessed 24 h after the last OVA challenge on day 22. Results : The CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is expressed by eosinophils, mast cells, and Th2 cells. The role of CCR3 in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation induced by repeated epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA), and characterized by eosinophil skin infiltration, local expression of Th2 cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen. The administration of EDC during OVA inhalation significantly reduced CCR3 plays an essential role in eosinophil recruitment to the skin and the lung and in the development of AHR.. EDC extract reduced total lung cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway tissue eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion, and peribronchial edema. The inhibitory effect on airway eosinophilia and AHR was associated with reduced levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as reduced serum levels of OVA-IgE. We show that OVA inhalation following OVA immunization increased airway responsiveness to induced IL-113, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA expression in the lung tissue. The administration of EDC during OVA inhalation significantly reduced this increased airway hyperresponsiveness and also inhibited airway inflammation. Conclusions : These results support EDC as a therapeutic target in asthma and indicate that selective EDC inhibitors can reduce allergic airway inflammation.

Vitamin D_(3)가 RAW 세포에 감염된 Mycobacterium marinum의 증식억제에 미치는 기전 연구

박정규,정샛별,이길수,김수영,송창화,박종호,조현구,조은경,김화중 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1(Nramp1) has been proposed to directly regulate bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity of the macrophage toward pathogens or participate in macrophage activation that lead to microbial elimination in the host. The relationship between Nramp1 and nitric oxide(NO) as an antimicrobial factor has not been precisely defined to date. To devise an in vitro assay for Nramp1 function, this study introduced a wild type Nramp1^(G169) cDKA transfected RAW264.7 macrophages(A8) which bear a homozygous mutant Nramp1^(D169) allele and are permissive to replication of specific intracellular parasites. RAW264.7 and A8 macrophages did not produce NO, but vitamin D_(3)-activated-Mycobacterium marinum-infected RAW264.7 and A8 macrophages pretreated with vitamin D_(3) leaded to the increase of NO production and growth inhibition of M. marinum. Inhibition of NO production by a NO inhibitor, L-NAME, abolished the above effects. The mRNA expression of iNOS in infected macrophages with costimulated vitamin D_(3) was increased. IFN-γ activated macrophages also showed the same results with vitamin D_(3) activated macrophages. These results suggest that bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity in RAW264.7 and A8 macrophages correlated with the production of NO, although NO might not be the only factor responsible for controlling M. marinum infection. The Nrampl gene is considered to be a cofactor in the controlling the replication of M. marinum infection.

兒童의 造形能力(繪畵, 彫塑)과 他 敎科成積과의 相關에 關한 硏究

金正熹,韓進九,李吉鍾,金相俊 春川敎育大學 1985 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

The main purpose of this sutdy is ultimately to help improve art education by clarifying and interpreting the correlation of modeling ability to that of other subjects taught in primary schools. This research covered a total of 600 children of two schools : one in Chunchon city and the other in Chunsong county. As the marks of all the subjects are scaled by the absolute achievement evaluation method, the average of the tatal subjects showed a high mark of 4.23. But our research team, having measured their modeling ability in relative evaluation method, marked only 3.31 point in average. Notwithstanding this discrepancy, the correlation between the marks of the toal subjects and the drawing revealed a strikingly low coefficient of 0. 18 and 0.23 between the total and sculpturing ; and 0.20 between the tatal and modeling as a whole. Thus, it is definite that any argument for high correlation among achievements in subjects cannot apply to art subject. The result of this research may be revised by drawing data from markings of identical evaluation method, but the difference will be of little consequence.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

기종성 방광염을 동반한 기종성 신우신염 1예

김선두,김순제,이길도,김정수,김지훈,윤호상,송종오,문언수 대한노인병학회 2000 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.4 No.3

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.