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명(明),청대(淸代) 기주약시(祁州藥市)의 성장(成長)과 약왕묘(藥王廟)
이민호 ( Min Ho Lee ),안상우 ( Sang Woo Ahn ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: The rapid progress seen in the Chinese medical and pharmaceutical industries since the mid-Ming Dynasty, and the resulting surge in demand for medicinal herbs led to the emergence of dedicated medicinal herb markets. A representative example was the medicinal herb market of Qizhou (today`s Anguo) in Hebei Province. This paper examines various factors that contributed to the transformation and growth of Qizhou into and as a major medicinal herb market of China. Methods: Along with the examination of geographical factors, this study attempts to link the development of Qizhou as a center for medicinal herbs trade with legends related to the Medicine Lord Temple (Yao Wang Miao), a local shrine dedicated to the mythical Medicine Kings. Results: The main argument of this study is that although the emergence of Qizhou as China`s largest marketplace for medicinal herbs was significantly helped by its proximity to Beijing, a huge source of demand, as well as its convenient location easily accessible from all parts of the country, and the large herbal production from surrounding areas, the single-most important contributing factor was the body of legends attributing to this city a magical healing energy. Conclusions: The example of Qizhou may also suggest that in pre-modern eras, legends related to supernatural healing power, associated to a city or town, were as important contributing factors to its emergence and growth as a dedicated medicinal herb market as its location or ease of access.
Vasopurus의 LDL r(-/-) Mice에서 항동맥경화 효능
황보미향 ( Mi Hyang Hwangbo ),김현정 ( Hyun Jeong Kim ),이인선 ( In Seon Lee ),정태호 ( Tae Ho Chung ),김인겸 ( In Kyeom Kim ),신흥묵 ( Heung Mook Shin ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: The protective effect of Vasopurus, a mixture of three medicinal plants, on atherosclerosis induced by dietary cholesterol in low density lipid (LDL) receptor deficient mice was studied. Methods: Experimental groups were divided into three groups of six animals each; a normal group (N); a high cholesterol group (HC), a high cholesterol plus Vasopurus group (HCVA). The experimental groups were fed for 6 months. Results: Vasopurus supplementation significantly lowered plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol conc entrations compared with the high cholesterol (HC) diet group. In addition, supplementation with Vasopurus significantly increased fecal cholesterol contents compared to mice fed a HC diet. Mice whose diet was supplemented by Vasopurus showed considerably fewer atherosclerotic plagues in the aortic values of heart and aortas compared to mice receiving the HC diet. Conclusions: These results indicate that Vasopurus has efficacy in anti atherosclerosis medication.
최고야 ( Go Ya Choi ),고병섭 ( Byoung Seob Ko ),장설 ( Seol Jang ),채성욱 ( Sung Uk Chae ),이혜원 ( Hye Won Lee ),이미영 ( Mi Young Lee ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: Quality control for imported medicinal herbs is duty for regulation, however to the best of our knowledge there has been no report regarding quality control of imported ones. Therefore, this study investigated the data of imported ones for monitoring quality issue. Methods: These data are categorized according to item, the amount of import, country, inspection item, suitability, and incongruity reason based on the 248 results performed by KIOM. Results: China is the number one country for import with the value of 73%. Inspected medicinal herbs were 139 species, among them Poria is ranked as top for requested number and the amount of import. The amount of import is similar between high ranking 20 species and low ranking 119 ones, showing high ranking ones are major. The incongruity ratio was 7.7% from the total number of inspected items, the reason for incongruity was excess of tolerable amount of Cd residue. Conclusions: From the data, it is effective way to focus on high ranking herbs for evaluating imported herbs for quality control. The study of mechanism on Cd accumulation and its decrease is essential for environmental matter. And identification and storage for mixed used and easily decomposable herbs are remained for further study. Our study might be small step for showing guideline for proper quality control.
Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell에서 하엽(荷葉)의 항동맥경화 활성 연구
김선모 ( Sun Mo Kim ),윤현정 ( Hyun Jeong Yun ),이효승 ( Hyo Seung Yi ),원찬욱 ( Chan Wook Won ),김재은 ( Jai Eun Kim ),박선동 ( Sun Dong Park ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: The proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) in response to activation by various stimuli plays a critical role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaves (NNL) on the proliferation and migration of HASMC. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in any observed effects were also evaluated. Methods: Apoptotic cells were measured by staining with FITC-labeled annexin V, followed by flow cytometric analysis. The expression level of apoptosis related proteins was confirmed by western blot. And MMP-9 activity was measured by gelatin zymography and MMP-9 expression was measured by ELISA Results: NNL completely inhibited the proliferation of HASMC via induction of the expression of apoptotic proteins including annexin V, cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and caspase-3 and -8. NNL treatment resulted in the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, a decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and an increase in Bax expression. NNL also blocked HASMC migration via suppression of MMP-9. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that NNL has the potential for use as an anti-artherosclerosis agent.
RAPD 분석을 통한 대황(大黃)과 종대황(種大黃) 감별용 SCAR 유전자 마커 개발
문병철 ( Byeong Cheol Moon ),이영미 ( Young Mi Lee ),천진미 ( Jin Mi Chun ),이아영 ( A Young Lee ),윤태숙 ( Taesook Yoon ),전명숙 ( Myeong Sook Cheon ),추병길 ( Byung Kil Choo ),김호경 ( Ho Kyoung Kim ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: Due to the morphological similarity and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms as well as morphological variations of aerial part, the correct identification between Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma is very difficult. To develop a reliable method for correct identification and improving the quality standards of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma, we analyzed RAPD and developed SCAR marker. Methods: To amplify target DNA at the genomic level, 32 Operon 10-mer random primers were applied with four Rheum species, R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum. The nucleotide sequences were determined and species-specific primers were prepared depending on the species-specific RAPD amplicons after subcloned into the pGEM-Teasy vector. To develop the SCAR markers, species-specific PCR amplification and mutiplex-PCR were carried out using the single species-specific primer pairs and combinations of them, respectively. Results: We used RAPD analysis of four Rheum plant species to obtain several species-specific RAPD amplicons. From nucleotide sequences of these RAPD amplicons, we developed two SCAR markers that amplified 314 bp and 390 bp DNA fragments in only R. undulatum but not in R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum, for distinguishing Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Furthermore, we established SCAR markers for the simultaneous discrimination of the three species within a single reaction by using multiplex-PCR. Conclusions: These genetic markers can be used for the efficient discrimination of plants species and commercial herbal medicines between Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, to ultimately prevent indiscriminate distribution and prescription of these herbal medicines.
청경사물탕(淸經四物湯) 추출물의 성장기 흰쥐 장골길이 성장에 대한 효과
이정헌 ( Jung Hun Lee ),이세나 ( Se Na Lee ),손재봉 ( Jae Bong Son ),금소현 ( So Hyun Keum ),임강현 ( Kang Hyun Leem ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Cheunggyeongsamul-tang extract on the growth of longitudinal bone in adolescent female rats. Methods: Longitudinal bone growth was measured by fluorescent microscopy. To examine the effects on the growth plate metabolism, the total height of growth plate, the induction of local insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMPR-1A, indian hedgehog (IHH), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) were measured. Results: Cheunggyeongsamul-tang extract enhanced longitudinal bone growth and total height of the growth plate. Also, it promoted the induction of local IGF-1, BMP-2, IHH and PTH-rP of the growth plate. Conclusions: This study shows that the Cheunggyeongsamul-tang extract effects longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats and might be used for both stunted adolescents and inherent growth failure patients.
TNCB로 유발한 아토피피부염 생쥐 모델에서 천일염가미방(天日鹽加味方)과 청기해독산(淸肌解毒散)의 병용 효과
이경미 ( Kyoung Mee Lee ),김선빈 ( Seon Bin Gim ),최학주 ( Hak Ju Choi ),최정준 ( Jeong June Choi ),노성수 ( Seong Soo Roh ),김동희 ( Dong Hee Kim ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4
Objectives: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by typically distributed eczematous skin lesion with pruritus, lichenification and dry skin. In this study, we performed to assess the therapeutic effects of co-treatment of Chenilyeomgamibang (CGB) and Chenggihaedok-san (CHS, C&C) on the TNCB(trinitrochlorobenzene)-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, characterized by the onset of atopic dermatitis along with an increase the number of inflammatory cells and dysregulation of Th2 cytokines. Methods: Defined amount of CGB was sprayed on mice skin and CHS was simultaneously orally administrated to TNCB treated NC/Nga mice for 5 weeks. The immune cell types were caracterized by flow cytometry using each specific antibody. The amount of Th2 cytokines in serum and splenocytes culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Results: Administration of C&C significantly reduced clinical dermatitis severity including pruritus, edema, eczematous and erythema. Histological findings indicated that the thickening of epidermis/ dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells were dramatically reduced. Flow cytometry analysis showed that infiltrated immune cell numbers of CCR3+, B220+/IgE+, Gr-1+/CD11b+, and CD117+ were significantly reduced in C&C-treated dorsal skin lesion. Furthermore, T cell composition rate in PBMC was also dramatically decreased by the treatment. C&C greatly down-regulated production of Th2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the serum. The down-regulatory effects of C&C on these Th2 cytokines production were also detected in CD3/ CD28 activated splenocytes. Conclusions: These results indicated that C&C is a plausible therapeutic agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis through regulating the Th2 skewed immune system.