Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income: A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

Won, Hyun Kyu,Jeon, Hyon Sun,Han, Hee,Lee, Seung Jung,Jung, Byung Heon Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income : A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

Hyun Kyu Won,Hyon Sun Jeon,Hee Han,Seung Jung Lee,Byung Heon Jung 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

Growth Inhibition of Colon Cancer through Inactivation of STAT3 Pathway by IL-10 and IL-1ra Released from Murine Macrophage

Jin Tae Hong, Dohee Won1, Mi Hee Park, Sun Mi Kown, Miran Jo, Sang-Yoon Nam, Beom Jun Lee, Young Won Yun, Ki-Wan Oh, Sang Bae Han 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.4

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of macrophages on growth of human colon cancer cells. The results showed that co-culture of colon cancer cells with macrophages inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells (HCT116 and SW620) depending on the number of macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells, and activated THP-1 cells accompanied by down regulation of pSTAT3 in cancer cells. We also found that expression and release of cancer cell growth inhibitory cytokines, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-10, was increased in macrophages. Blocking of the STAT3 pathway with specific inhibitor and siRNA of STAT3 abolished the growth of colon cancer cells and expression of IL-1ra and IL-10. In addition, neutralization of IL-1ra and IL-10 with antibodies resulted in reversal of macrophage-induced inhibition of cancer cell growth. These data showed that IL-1ra and IL-10 released from macrophages inhibit growth of colon cancer cells through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

새로운 유사 원자층 증착 방법에 의한 산화막의 형성 및 터널링 자기 접합에의 응용

한신희,정원철,이장식,김병동,주승기 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The tunneling barrier is crucial to the overall performance in magnetic tunnel junction. We have suggested a new formation method for the tunnel barrier, which has utilized pseudo atomic layer deposition with sputtering (PALDS). As is well known, all metallic thin films oxidize more or less under atmospheric conditions. With using this property of metallic thin films, we have prepared tunnel barrier by sputtering metallic thin film and exposing it to the oxygen ambience. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the formed tunnel barrier has been confirmed to have clear and good interface between magnetic layers and tunnel barrier. From atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation, it has been also confirmed to have low surface roughness. The TMR MRAM cell manufactured using PALDS method has been shown to exhibit typical tunnel resistance of 86 KΩ·μm^2 and TMR ratio of about 40%. The 40% of MR is quite large. It is considered that this value is geometrically enhanced magnetoresistance due to the low junction resistance of MTJ.

액정유체의 압력 유도 흐름에서의 분자 배향과 속도 분포

한원희,조정호,전종기,노상균,고승태 동양대학교 2001 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구에서는 액정의 압력 유도 흐름에 대해 적응성 토크 균형식과 코시 운동량보존식을 액정 연속체 이론의 핵심이 되는 Leslie-Ericksen 이론에 적용하여 수치해석 방법들로 풀어내었다.비선형 편미분 방정식계의 해를 구할 때 경계조건으로 쓰인 분자 배향닻 조건은 평행 닻조건(parallel anchoring)과 직교 닻조건(homeotropic anchoring)이다.분자 배향 분포는 평행 닻조건에서나 직교 닻조건에서나 시간이 지남에 따라 간단한 전단 흐름에서와 같이 3차원 비평판 배향의 구조를 갖게되지만 배향 비틀림의 구조가 다름을 알 수 있었다.배향 비틀링의 3차원적 구조를 갖게됨에 따라 압력 구배가 걸리는 흐름방향의 주 속도 분포뿐만 아니라 직교되는 방향으로 부 속도분포가 생기며 정상상태로 발전해가는 속도 분포 진화는 점근적이 아닌 진동적이다.비정상상태에서나 정상상태에서 속도 분포는 비 뉴톤성임을 알 수 있다.비등방성 Miesowicz 점도 순열에 따른 평행 닻조건에서의 더 많은 흐름량을 볼수 있고 직교 닻조건에서는 벽면에서 보이는 작은 속도 구배량의 특징을 가진다.

만선신부전 환자에서 관상동맥조영술 소견에 관한 연구

한대희,김성구,박상호,김성한,조원영,방덕원,조윤행,정의룡,은영근,권영구 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : Patients with chronic renal fialure have a substantially elevated risk of death from cardiovascular diseases than do the general population. the patients with chronic renal failure are at significantly increased freqeuncy of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus which are known to the risk factors of the coronary artery diseases, and the prevalence of the coronary artery diseases in chronic renal failure patients is highly associated with the hemodynamic disorder and metabolic abnormalities. therefore we expected that the coronary angiographic findings in patients with chronic renal failure should be different from the general population (control groups) and investigated the risk factors contributing to coronary artery diseases. Method : we have retrospectively compared the coronary angiographic findings of 44 patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis with that of 88 patients in the general population and investigated the factors contributing to the development and acceleration of coronary artery diseases in patients with chronic renal failure Result : Hypertension and diabetes mellitus which is risk factors for coronary artery disease is significantly increased in patients with chronic renal failure, in coronary angiographic finding the severity of the lesion is worse. the incidence of PCI or CABG of patients with chronic renal failure is more than that of control group but statistically no difference between patients with chronic renal failure and control group. the sex, the duration of disease, the duration of dialysis, serum creatinine in patients with chronic renal failure have no correlation to the prevalence of coronary artery disease and severity of lesion. hyperglycemic patients with chronic renal failure have high incidence of coronary artery disease and are worse in the severity of lesion Conclusions : There is significantly increased the pevalence and severity of involving multiple coronary artery diseses in hyperglycemic patients with CRF.

갑상선 결절의 임상양상과 미세침흡인검사의 의의

원진호,한희정,채수홍,김현진,송민호,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

We evaluated clinical manifestation of nodular thyroid disease and fine-needle aspiration cytology results to establish an appropriate diagnostic approach to thyroid nodule. We examined 594 patients who visited Chungnam National University Hospital with one or more thyroid nodules between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 1998. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was carried out after clinical evaluation including medical history, physical examination(hardness,size, multinodularity,fixation) and laboratory test(scan, thyroid function test). Among the 594 cases, 53 cases(8.9%) were diagnosed as cancer and 457 cases(77%) were diagnosed as benign nodule. None of these factors - age, sex. soft and firm nodule, multinodularity, thyroid scan, thyroid sonography, and thyroid function test - were significant to predict cancer in our study. The prevalence of cancer was significantly higher in hard nodule(28. 5%,39/137) than firm(3.8%,12/316) or soft nodule(0%,0/72). There was size difference between malignant(24.2±62.8ml) and benign nodules(12.6±26.1ml),but the size difference wasn't shown to an indicator to say whether malignant or benign. The prevalence of cancer in relation to fixation was significantly higher in fixation(50%,19/38) and partial fixation nodule(33%,4/12) than movable nodules(5.8%,28/476). Rapid growing, vocal cord palsy,and lymphadenopathy among the medical history had higher relative risk to cancer (relative risk= 14, 4.8, 10.2. respectively). We also examined 67 cases which were diagnosed by histology after operation and, through comparison between the results of histology and cytology., evaluated the effectiveness of fine-needle aspiration cytology. Sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, and false positive rate of fine-needle aspiration cytology were 92-100%, 47-63%, 0-20%, 0-50%,respectively. Our data suggests that thyroid nodules of the patients which are characterized firm, fixed, rapid growing, lymphadenopathy, and vocal cord palsy require more careful evaluation for thyroid cancer. We also recommand thyroid aspiration cytology in first step evaluation to rule out thyroid cancer.