충북대학교 동물의학연구소

충북대학교 동물의학연구소 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2015 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.16 No.1

Modulation of Gene Expression in Raw 264.7 Macrophage Cells by Saccharomyces exiguus and LPS

최중국 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.3

Macrophages can recognize antigens and microorganisms, then initiate an appropriate defense. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive information regarding the genes which is modulated by commensal yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces exiguus. Moreover, it is not clear to what extent the beneficial yeasts modulate the immune response against microbes and/or microbial toxins. We studied interactions between host cells and yeast/bacterial toxin (LPS) by analyzing the transcriptional response of macrophages stimulated by the Saccharomyces exiguus and/or Lipopolysaccharides with DNA microarray, which contains about 25,000 genes. Thirty three genes were identified to be modulated by more than 2 folds between groups of macrophage cells. Pathway analysis provided insight into the mutual interactions. Of particular interest was the responses elicited by the fungus in the murine macrophage cells, including modulation of immunity/defense, cellular signal transduction, cell proliferation/differentiation and transport. This indicates that the yeast induces immune response pathways as well as those associated with cell proliferation and transport. Among the 33 genes identified from the DNA microarray screening, 8 genes were further checked by RT-PCR analysis using gene specific primers. Compared to those of negative control, the sequential treatment with the yeast strain then LPS apparently induced the expression of Tnfaip3, IL7R and CD86, while it inhibited the expression of Cxcl10 and CD83. In conclusion, this study identified the genes that are up-regulated by Saccharomyces exiguus and it remains to be further studied whether these genes are modulated at the protein level, and also for their roles in controlling immune responses.

Expression of LOX is upregulated under hypoxia in metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells

김영호 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.4

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular amine oxidase catalyzing the formation of lysine-derived cross-linkages in collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrices. Four human paralogs of LOX (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4) have been identified, each encoding the functional domains required for the amine oxidase activity of LOX. Recently, upregulation of the LOX and LOXL2 expression was reported to be significantly correlated with absence of lymphovascular invasion in tumor tissues from colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, suggesting that the oxygen tension around the tumors may be an important factor for expressional regulation of these genes in colorectal carcinomas. To evaluate the effects of hypoxia on expression of LOX and LOXL2 in colorectal carcinomas, we performed promoter assays and RT-PCR analysis under hypoxia in colorectal carcinoma cell lines, HT-29 and HCT-116. LOX expression was upregulated under hypoxia in both HT-29 and HCT-116 cells, whereas LOXL2 expression was not affected by hypoxia in those cells. In the highly metastatic HCT-116 cells, LOX showed a higher level of upregulation than in HT-29 cells, suggesting that LOX upregulation may be associated with increased invasiveness and metastatic potential in colorectal carcinomas.

Dietary Lactose as a Potential Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease and Ovarian Cancer

Yeong Ran Jeong,Yoon-Bok Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.2

Lactose is a disaccharide consisting of a glucose and a galactose. Milk is a sole source of lactose in natural food. Lactase hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose that are absorbed in the intestine and utilized by body. After the weaning, lactase activity declines. Therefore, the majority of the adults have hypolactasia. The prevalence is above 50% in South America, Africa, and Asia. Lactose is consumed much as cow milk-based food products. However, it has no special nutritional importance for adults even it is suspected as a dietary risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and ovarian cancer. The aim of this study is to review the evidences and to propose the possible mechanisms about the relations between lactose intake and CHD and ovarian cancer. Epidemiological studies support the connection of lactose and CHD. Several mechanisms are suggested to elucidate this connection but calcium theory is the most plausible. Galactose has been known to be toxic to ovary. Galactose is suggested to induce ovarian cancer through hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Some epidemiological data support this but others do not. The consumption of lactose or galactose can induce CHD and ovarian cancer, but more research should be needed to make sure of the relation between lactose and these diseases.

Comparative anatomical characteristics of cardiac valves in animals

남창훈,Hak Young Kim,Chun-Mei Lin,연정민 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2014 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.15 No.1

Although various animals have been used as models of cardiac valvular diseases in humans, the structural characteristics of cardiac valves in animals remain un- clear. In this study, we investigated cardiac valves in representative animal models for the purpose of com- parative anatomy. Adult hearts from three dogs, four goats, six rabbits, and six fowls were fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin and analyzed gross-anatom- ically. Cardiac appearance was spherical or oval in dogs, goats, and rabbits, whereas it had a long conical shape in fowls. Left atrioventricular (AV) valve was composed of membranous septal and parietal cusps connected to two papillary muscles in all animals. The right AV valve was composed of membranous septal, parietal, and angular cusps with three papil- lary muscles in dogs and goats, membranous septal and parietal cusps attached to four papillary muscles in rabbits, and a single muscular plate without any papillary muscles and chorda tendinae in fowls. Aortic valves with thin membranous right, left, and septal semilunar cusps in dogs, goats, and rabbits had a thick membrane with a bended free border in fowls. Pul- monary valve (PV) with membranous right, left, and intermediate semilunar cusps made a large central hole by being closely attached to the surrounding wall in dogs, goats, and rabbits, whereas it protruded into half of the lumen as a thick membrane in fowls. The membranous cusp of the PV was composed of several layers in dogs and goats but was a single layer in rab- bits and fowls. These findings indicate that even if animals have two completely separated atria and ventricles each, car- diac valves have species-specific morphological char- acteristics, especially between mammals and fowls.

A case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in a ferret

이호석,강경구,민창우,김아영,이은미,이은주,이명미,김상협,성수은,정규식 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2013 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.14 No.2

Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare neoplasm in animals and humans. A four-year-old, neutered male ferret presented with depression, anorexia, cachexia, diarrhea, and icterus. Necropsy findings included ascites, multiple white nodules on the surface of the liver, stomach, and duodenum, gross enlargement of the bile duct and right atrium, hemorrhage of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, and icterus of the mesenteric fat. Infiltrative well-differentiated neoplastic biliary epithelial cells forming ducts and acini with a prominent collagenous stroma were observed on microscopic examination of neoplastic lesions within the liver, mesentery, and the serosa of the stomach and duodenum. This is a report on a rare case of obstructive jaundice due to cholangiocarcinoma in a ferret.

Novel Antimicrobial Peptides Identified from Screening of Random Peptide Library by Yeast Two Hybrid Assay

최중국,정소희,김성훈,이학교,김승렬,최중국 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.4

Antimicrobial peptides are widely found in the living organisms and are known to play a critical role in the innate immunity. Numerous antimicrobial peptides from diverse species appear to be effective against pathogenic microorganisms of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Since antibiotic resistance is a global health issue in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms, there has been an urgent need for the development of new antibiotic substances. In the present study, we sought to find new peptide antibiotics from random peptide library by yeast two hybrid screening using Beclin1 bait. Two candidate peptides from the screening were expressed in a yeast secretory system of Pichia pastoris and tested for any antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, MRSA2242, MRSA2250, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus. Disc clear zone assay and spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the two peptides carry a decent activity against the pathogenic bacteria, in contrast to minimal effect on the commensal Lactobacillus strains. Taken together, this study presents novel peptides with antibacterial activity against the pathogenic forms of Staphylococcus aureus and suggests a possibility that these peptides, upon further characterization, may be developed as clinically useful antibiotics.

Scanning electron microscopic observation of lingual papillae in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)

김문기,Chong-Sup Kim,김곤섭,원청길 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2014 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.15 No.3

The morphology of the lingual papillae in a female Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) was examined by scanning elec- tron microscopy (SEM). The tongue was 22.3 cm in length and 7.1 cm in width. Numerous filiform papillae were dis- tributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. SEM examination of the tongue revealed two types of mechanical papillae, i.e. filiform and conical papilla, and two types of gustatory papillae, i.e. fungiform and vallate papilla, on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Each filiform papilla consisted of one primary papilla and several secondary papillae. The filiform papillae on the anterior part of the tongue were divided into one primary and 6~14 secondary papillae. Un- like other mammalians, however, secondary papillae in the mid-part of the tongue showed pineal-like papillae. In the posterior part of the tongue, secondary papillae were rare or absent. Fungiform papillae were surrounded by filiform papillae and densely distributed on the lingual surface. There were two vallate papillae on the borderline between the lingual body and root of the tongue. A vallate papilla contained two secondary papillae inside the grooves. Coni- cal papillae were located in the area of the vallate papillae and covered the posterior part of the tongue root. No foliate papillae were seen on both margins of the posterior part of the tongue. Our results indicate that the structure on the lin- gual papillae of the Bengal tiger is somewhat different from that of other mammals.

Scanning electronic microscopy study of the developing fungiform papillae of Korean native goats (Capra hircus)

김곤섭,Gyuhyen Cho,Heechan Won,Daeoh Kwark,원청길 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological development of fungiform papillae in Korean native goats by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tongues were removed from fetuses on days 120 and 150 of gestation and from juveniles on days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after birth. The sizes of fungiform papillae in the newborn were 225.0-250.0 μm, the weaning period of 60-day-old goats were 271-294 μm and the maturing period of 180-day-old goats were 385-398 μm, respectively. The primordia of fungiform papillae had the typical feature of mushroom shape in 120-day-old fetus. In 150-day-old fetus (neonate), fungiform papillae had similar feature as adult form and were gradually increased in size with slight morphological changes until 150-day-old goat. The microridges, microplicae and micropits were well developed on the epithelial surface of lingual papillae from 60 to 150-day-old goat. The results obtained in this study might provide some basic data of the mechanisms that control the morphogenesis and development of the lingual papillae in the ruminants.

Cutaneous hemangiopericytoma in a dog : Cytologic and Histopathologic findings

김태우,강민희,정순욱,박희명 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2013 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.14 No.1

A 10-year-old, castrated male, English cocker spaniel dog was presented for evaluation of a mass in the left forelimb. Physical examination revealed a solitary subcutaneous mass measuring 2.7 × 2.1 × 1 cm in size. Radiographs and ultrasonography showed a well-circumscribed, focally mineralized, non-invasive to muscle layer mass without signs of further bone invasion and periosteal reaction. Cytologic evaluation of the mass through fine needle aspiration revealed a mesenchymal cell type malignant tumor without distant metastasis. An excisional biopsy was performed for definitive diagnosis and the mass was diagnosed as cutaneous hemangiopericytoma. This case report presents disagreement between fine needle aspiration and histopathology during diagnostic procedures of cutaneous hemangiopericytoma in a dog.