한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

기업집단의 최고경영자 퇴출이 계열사 전략변화에 미치는 영향

김수정(Su Jung Kim),김창수(Chang Su Kim) 한국전략경영학회 2015 전략경영연구 Vol.18 No.2

계열사 최고경영자 교체현상은 기업집단의 내부노동시장을 통한 인적자원 활용뿐만 아니라 외부노동시장을 통한 인력충원을 수반하게 된다. 본 연구는 기업집단을 연구대상으로 한정 하여 기업집단 내 계열사 최고경영자가 기업집단 외부로 퇴출되는 현상이 계열사 수준의 전략변화도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고, 이러한 전략변화도 효과가 승계유형 및 재벌집단 여부에 의해 어떻게 조절 되는지를 분석하였다. 이는 기업집단의 최고경영자 활용과 퇴출현상을 살펴봄에 있어 기업집단의 내부노동시장 활용이 갖는 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면을 동시에 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 이와 같은 연구배경 하에 71개 기업집단에 속한 119개 계열사를 대상으로 2001년부터 2010년 간 발생한 270개 최고경영자 교체사례를 추적?분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 계열사 최고경영자가 기업집단 외부퇴출 형태로 교체될 경우 해당 계열사의 전략변화도는 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 최고경영자 외부퇴출과 계열사 전략변화도 간의 정(+)의 관계는 외부승계의 경우 강화되며 재벌집단의 경우 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 기업이 외부시장을 통해 최고경영자를 충원함으로써 전략변화를 모색하고 조직의 경직화를 예방할 수 있음을 보여준다. 하지만, 비재벌집단과 비교하여 재벌집단에 구조적 관성이 더 크게 존재하며 이러한 구조적 관성이 전략적 변화를 저해할 수 있음을 시사한다. This study examines the effect of CEO weeding-out in Korean business groups on strategic change of their affiliates and further investigates the moderating role of outside succession and chaebol dummy on the relationship. Using the sample of KOSPI 200 firms belonging to business groups between 2001 and 2010, we found the positive relationship between the CEO weeding-out and strategic change. We also found a positive interaction effect of CEO weeding-out and outside succession on strategic change. This result supports the idea that the strategic change effect is amplified when CEO weeding-out is combined with outside succession. In contrast, it turned out that the effect of CEO weeding-out on strategic change is lower in chaebol-affiliates than in non-chaebol affiliates. Perhaps, chaebol-affiliates are likely to show lower strategic changes in spite of CEO weeding-out, due to structural inertia existing in chaebol groups.

정상면역을 가진 성인에서 발생한 식도 방선균증

김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),천종운 ( Jong Woon Cheon ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ),정창길 ( Chang Kil Jung ),김경록 ( Kyung Rok Kim ),최재원 ( Jae Won Choi ),강동우 ( Dong Woo Kang ),김선영 ( Sun Young Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2013 대한소화기학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Hyun Soo Kim, Jong Woon Cheon, Min Su Kim, Chang Kil Jung, Kyung Rok Kim, Jae Won Choi, Dong Woo Kang and Sun Young Kim1 Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology1, DongKang Medical Center, Ulsan, Korea Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease and caused by Actinomycosis species, principally Actinomyces israelii, which are part of the normal inhabitant on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. It usually affects cervicofacial, thoracic and abdominal tissue. Cervicofacial type has the highest percentage of occurrence with 50%. Actinomycosis frequently occurs following dental extraction, jaw surgery, chronic infection or poor oral hygiene. It may also be considered as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients such as malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus, steroid usage or alcoholism. But, actinomycosis rarely occurs in adults with normal immunity and rare in the esophagus. We report an unusual case of esophageal actinomycosis which was developed in a patient with normal immunity and improved by therapy with intravenous penicillin G followed oral amoxicillin, and we also reviewed the associated literature.

지속성 외래복막투석 환자에서 Celecoxib 투여에 따른 High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein, D-dimer,von Willebrand Factor 및 Troponin-T의 변화

김상현,김수희,이은경,장재원,김순배,이상구,박정식 대한신장학회 2004 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.23 No.2

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

침전지에서의 조류 및 SCUM 발생에 관한 실험적 연구

김성순,김창수,김갑진 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1996 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

본 연구에서는 정수장의 침전지 scum 부상을 제거하는데 인력 소모로 인한 행정수행의 공백, 여과지 폐쇄, 응집효율의 저하 등 여러 가지 정수처리에 장애를 주고 있는 scum에대하여 발생원인을 규명하고, 제거하는 방안 등에 관해서 시험과 분석을 실시하였다. 연구대상 정수장의 취수원을 조사한 결과, 원수에서 6종류의 조류가 기포와 부착되어 scum을 발생하였다. 가압장 펌프는 대용량이므로 계절적 수온 변화에 따라서 공동현상이 발생할 때 많은 기포가 생성되어 정수장의 착수정 도착시 응집제 투여로 응집되는 미세 플록에 기포가 부착되어 scum이 가압부상 되었다. Scum 제거방안으로서는 펌프장에서 가압펌프에 다량의 공기가 유입되지 않도록 유로를 개선하고, 펌프의 노후 부속시설물 교체, 즉 패킹(Packing)교체로 scum 발생을 완전히 제거할 수 있었다. 정수장 주변여건에 따라서 응집상태가 달라지므로 응집효율을 최대로 높일 수 있도록 각 정수장에 맞는 정수처리에 관한 실험이 매우 필요하다고 생각된다. In this study, lots of experiments and analyses about the methods finding out and removing the facts cause the scum giving difficulties in Water Treatment, that is a closing of filtration, a falling-off in flocculation efficiency etc., to remove the scum occurrence of sedimentation basin have been excuted. At the result of investigation the source of a river of the study purification, the fact that six kinds of algae adheres to the air bladder and occurs the scum was known. Because the pumping station is quite large scale, scum was flotation presses when the cavitation occurs following the changes of water temperature, many air bladders are formed and adhered to the micro-floc cohered by injection of coagulation chemicals arriving at junction well. The occurrence of scum was able to be removed by the plants improving the channel not the lots of air bladders to flow in pump presses at pumping station and exchanging an old pard of the pump, that is packing. It is thought that some experiments about the water treatment fitting into each purification to make the flocculation efficiency maximum quite necessary because the state of flocculation is changed by the environments of the water treatment plants.

안전상비의약품 판매 이후 중독환자 특성 변화

김창영,이의중,이성우,김수진,한갑수,Kim, Chang Yeong,Lee, Eui Jung,Lee, Sung Woo,Kim, Su Jin,Han, Kap Su 대한임상독성학회 2018 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: On November 15, 2012, sales of OTC (Over-The-Counter) drugs began at convenience stores, which changed the accessibility of some drugs. As a result, the exposure and access patterns of these drugs could have changed. In this study, we reviewed the changes in the characteristics of drug poisoning patients because of the reposition of nonprescription drugs according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate changes in characteristics of drug poisoning patients between 2008 and 2016. A registry was developed by an emergency medical center in a local tertiary teaching hospital, and patients who visited the center were enrolled in this registry. We compared two periods, from 2008 to 2012 (Pre OTC) and from 2013 to 2016 (Post OTC), for type of intoxicant, time from poisoning to visiting the emergency center, intention, psychiatric history, previous suicidal attempt, alcohol status, and emergency room outcomes. The primary outcome was the number of patients who took acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Secondary outcomes were ICU admission rate, mortality rate, and number of patients who visited the ER when the pharmacy was closed after taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Results: Among 1,564 patients, 945 and 619 patients visited the emergency room during pre and post OTC periods. The number of patients with acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning decreased from 9.2% to 6.1% (p=0.016). The ICU admission rate and mortality rate in the emergency room did not show significant results in the relevant patient groups, and so was the number of patients visiting ER when the pharmacy was closed taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Conclusion: Despite the sales of nonprescription drugs at convenience stores, the number of acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning patients decreased.

Comparison of changes in retentive force of three stud attachments for implant overdentures

Su-Min Kim,Jae-Won Choi,Young-Chan Jeon,Chang-Mo Jeong,Mi-Jung Yun,So-Hyoun Lee,Jung-Bo Huh 대한치과보철학회 2015 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.7 No.4

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the changes in retentive force of stud attachments for implant overdentures by in vitro 2-year-wear simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three commercially available attachment systems were investigated: Kerator blue, O-ring red, and EZ lock. Two implant fixtures were embedded in parallel in each custom base mounting. Five pairs of each attachment system were tested. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retentive force during 2500 insertion and removal cycles. Surface changes on the components were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Pairwise comparison, was used to compare the retentive force between the groups, and to determine groups that were significantly different (α<.05). RESULTS A comparison of the initial retentive force revealed the highest value for Kerator, followed by the O-ring and EZ lock attachments. However, no significant difference was detected between Kerator and O-ring (P>.05). After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, the highest retention loss was recorded for O-ring, and no significant difference between Kerator and EZ lock (P>.05). Also, Kerator showed the highest retentive force, followed by EZ lock and O-ring, after 2500 cycles (P<.05). Based on SEM analysis, the polymeric components in O-ring and Kerator were observed to exhibit surface wear and deformation. CONCLUSION After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, all attachments exhibited significant loss in retention. Mechanism of retention loss can only be partially explained by surface changes.

정신장애인 치료에 중요 역할 담당자의 정신질환에 대한 태도조사

김병후,정선욱,강연화,김윤,김창엽,홍진표,한오수,조맹제,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.5

Objectives : Attitudes of families of mentally ill, health personnels and community leaders to the mentally ill after the development and utilization of the community mental health program and reintegration of the chronically ill patients into society. This study was designed to compare the attitudes toward the mentally ill patient of the persons who have important role in treating the mentally ill and to find the variables influencing the attitudes. Methods : We measured attitudes toward mental illness in psychotic patients' families(N=139), community leaders(N=180) and health personnels(N=324) including mental health personnels before the implementation of community mental health services in Yonchon county and Seodaemun district area. The instrument used to measure attitudes was Opinion about Mental Illness(O. M. I.) scale. Results : 1) Health personnel showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores on the average than community leaders and psychotic patients families. 2) Current residence affect the attitudes in psychotic patients' families, not in community leaders and health personnels. Families in urban area showed lower Authoritarianism(Factor A) and Social Restrictiveness(Factor D) and higher Benevolence(Factor B) scores than in the rural areas. 3) Many patient variables were correlated to the attitudes of families. Duration of illness, number of recurrence, number of admission, age of patient and family burden were positively correlated mainly to Social Restrictiveness(Factor D). 4) Sex and religion of respondents showed no or weak relationship with the factor scores. Conclusions : Education for community leaders and families is required to achieve successful community mental health services. Community support program should be developed for chronic, recurrent and burdensome psychiatric patients in the first place.