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박정식,임형호 한방재활의학과학회 2019 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Objectives The loss of maternal care during early postnatal period may increase development of mood-related disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. In this study, the effect of acupuncture on depression in relation with cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was investigated using maternal-separated rat pups. Methods On the postnatal 14th day, rat pups from six dams were grouped into following groups: maternal care group, maternal separation group, maternal separation and non-acupoint-acupunctured group, maternal separation and Zusanli-acupunctured group, and maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group. Acupuncture was performed from postnatal 28th day to postnatal 37th day. The rat pups that belong in the maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride once a day for the same period of time. To evaluate activity of the rat pups, open field test was performed. Immunohistochemistry for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe and for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was conducted. Results The present results reveal that the activity was decreased by maternal separation. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli overcame maternal separation-induced hypoactivity. Maternal separation suppressed TPH expression and 5-HT synthesis in the dorsal raphe and decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus of rat pups. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli alleviated maternal separation-induced decrease of 5-HT synthesisand TPH expression. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that acupuncture at Zusanli ameliorated depressive state through increasing cell proliferation and enhancing 5-HT synthesis. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2019;29(2):91-99)
녹제초 추출물이 파골세포 분화 및 골 흡수에 미치는 영향
박정식,임형호 한방재활의학과학회 2019 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Pyrola japonica extract (NJ) and its principal constituent, homoarbutin (HA) on osteoclast differentiation and gene expression and bone resorption. The osteoclastogenesis and gene expression were determined in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Methods In order to evaluate the effect of HA extracted from NJ on bone resorption, osteoclasts were used to be differentiated and formed by stimulating RAW264.7 cells with RANKL. Tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) polynuclear osteoclast formation ability was evaluated, and differentiation control genes including cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and TRAP in osteoclast differentiation were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunoblotting was performed to measure the effect of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) factors on bone resorption, and the effect of osteoclasts on osteoclast differentiation was measured. Results Both NJ and high concentration of HA blocked RANKL-stimulated differentiation from RAW264.7 cell to TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. NJ reduced RANKL-induced expression of TRAP, cathepsin K. Both NJ and high concentration of HA inhibited RANKL- mediated expression of MMP-9, nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1, and cellular Jun-fos. NJ suppressed RANKL-stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and levels of interleukins. Both NJ and HA decreased bone resorption in osteoclast-induced bone pit formation model. Conclusions These results suggest that NJ and HA blocked bone resorption by decreasing RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis through down-regulation of genes for osteoclast differentiation. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2019;29(2):135-147)
입원 환자에서 관찰된 저나트륨혈증의 임상상에 관한 연구
박정식,김동환,박수길,오하영,전노원,이영천 대한신장학회 1990 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.9 No.2
To Investigate the frequency, cause, outcome and clincal significance of hyponatremia, which is the most common abnormalties in hospitalized patients in Korea, we have analyzed 308 patients with serum sodium val- ues lower than 130 mEq/L at least two times during hospital course. The resuls were as follows: 1) The overall incidence of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients was 0.9% (308/34635) 2) Hyponatremia was more common in male patient (M: F=1.6:1) and 70 percent of them was found to have developed before admission. 3) Among the 265 patients whose volume status could be assessed, 82 patients (30.9%) were edematous, 103 patients (38.9%) euvolemic, 39 patients (14.7%) hypovolemic and 41 patients (15.5%) had renal failure. 4) The most common underlying disorders of hypanatremia were hepatic faiure (64.6%) in edematous conditions, pulmonary disease (33.0%.) in euvolemic status, and gastrointestinal loss (25.6%) in hypovolemic status. 5) The mortality rate of hyponatremic patients was 11.39. (35/308) which was significantly higher than that of general hospitalized had patients. (2.0%, 698/34635). And the patients with persistent hyponatremia (17.9 vs 4.6%) or lower nadir value of serum sodium concentration (18. 8% vs 8.7%) also had higher mortality. 6) The major causes of death were intractable hepatic failure (20%), respiratory failure (20%) and heart failure (14.3%). From this it seems that hyponatremia was not an independent prognostic factor but just an indicator of severity of underlying diseases.