Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고칼륨혈증에서 심전도의 진단적 의의

윤수영,박원녕,정성필,김승호,이한식 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: Hyperkalemia is a common and potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder. The electrocardiogram(ECG) is known to be a relatively sensitive diagnostic tool for hyperkalemia. However many exceptions, in which patients showed normal ECG findings even though hyperkalemic, have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of correlation between the ECG findings and hyperkalemia and to determine when the ECG has value for diagnosing hyperkalemia. Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed as having hyperkalemia at two university hospitals during three years were enrolled in this study. We reviewed the medical records of the patients and evaluated the following 6 ECG abnormalities: tall T waves, narrow T waves, QRS widening, atrioventricular block, loss of P waves, and sine waves. We defined tall T waves and narrow T waves as 20 percentiles of heights and widths of the T waves from the 100 patients with normokalemia. Results: During the study period, there were 100 hyperkalemic patients, and we analyzed 69 available electrocardiograms. Abnormal ECG findings were revealed in 67%of 69 patients. The higher the serum potassium level, the more abnormal ECG findings. The common ECG abnormalities were tall T waves and loss of P waves. The patients with normal ECGs even though hyperkalemic had relatively low potassium levels. And whether chronic renal disease was not correlated to the ECG abnormality. Conclusion: The electrocardiogram is a good diagnostic tool for hyperkalemia if it is used with accurate diagnostic criteria. Thus, hyperkalemia should be considered when the ECG shows tall T waves or loss of P waves.

국내 원자력발전소의 사용후핵연료 선원항 평가에 관한 연구

윤인식,정운관,김성영,염유선,심재학 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2003 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.25 No.2

우리나라에서도 원자력발전이 상용화된지 이십여년을 넘어서면서 원자력발전을 하고 있는 다른 나라와 마찬가지로 사용후핵연료 관리가 국가적인 문제로 심각히 대두되고 있다. 중간저장 시설은 1997년부터 운영예정이었으나 현재 그의 부지가 아직 확보되지 못한 상태에서 그 운전개시 시점이 불확실하다. 그리고 중간저장 이후의 사용후핵연료 정기관리 전략이 아직 마련되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 그러므로 발전소에서 발생되는 사용후핵연료 양과 그에 따른 선원항 평가는 반드시 선행되어야 할 것이다. 이제 본 연구에서는 국내 사용후핵연료 형태중 17×17에 대해서 농축도와 연소도 그리고 냉각시간별로 선원항 평가를 하였다. 사용후핵연료 선원항 평가를 위해 미국 Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)의 인·허가 코드인 SCALE 코드를 이용하였다. 선원항 평가는 SCALE 코드의 모듈을 이용하였다. 선원항 평가 결과 농축도와 3.5 w/o와 연소도 35 GWD/MTU 일때 Cooling Time 0.3년은 7.5651E+16, 1년 2.8954E+16, 3년 9.8242E+15, 5년 5.4000E+15, 10년 3.0945E+15으로 계산되었으며, Cooling Time이 0.3년일때와 10년일때의 Source Term이 크게 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 방사선량율은 10 ㎝부터 500 ㎝ 까지 거리에 따라 선량율에 대하여 10 ㎝ 4.8365E+03(㏉/hr)에서 500 ㎝ 7.8456E+01으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 현재 국내 사용후핵연료에 대한 선원항 평가가 이루어지지 않았으며, Data Base 구축이 기초단계 이므로 이러한 기초자료는 추후 저장조가 건설되면 사용후핵연료 안전성과 관련하여 사용할 수 있는 것이고 기초 Data Base구축하는데 이용할 수 있을 것이다 As nuclear power has been used in our country over 20 years, spent fuel management is raised seriously as one of the national`s problems, which lies in similar situation to other countries having nuclear power plants. An interim storage facility has been planned to operate in 1997, it is highly uncertain whether this facility will start to operate by the time because the site has not been decided yet. After the intermediate storage, the spent fuel periodical management strategy has not prepared yet. Therefore it has to be preceded that the spent fuel quantity which is happening at the power station and the following source term. Now the main have evaluated the source term according to enrichment, burn-up, and cooling time for 17×17 of spent fuel form. I used the SCALE code which were certified by Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC) for the source term calculations of Spent Fuel. The source term was calculated, which reflected the feature of target nuclear fuel using ORIGEN-S, a module of the SCALE Code, and the exposure dose rates were calculated by using the QADS modules, considering the geometry. When the enrichment in the evaluated result of source term is 3.5 w/o and the burn-up is 35 GWD/MTU, the cooling time 0.3year is 7.561E+16(photon/second), 1year 2.8954E+16, 3year 9.8242E+15, 5year 5.400E+15, 10year 3.0945E+15 and found that the big difference in Photon Spectrum of cooling time 0.3year and 10year. I have found that radiation dose rate is decreased in 10㎝ 4.8365E+03(㏉/hr) into 500 ㎝ 7.8456E+01 for dose rate according to distance from 10 ㎝ to 500 ㎝. It is not made the source term evaluation on the domestic spent fuel, and since the data base construction is basic level, some time later, if the storage place is constructed, in connection with the safety, these basic data can be used and we can construct these basic data base.

골아세포 MC₃T₃-E₁의 증식과 기능에 Insulin Like Growth Factor Ⅰ, Ⅱ 및 부갑상선 호르몬이 미치는 영향

윤현구,정호연,양인명,김성운,김진우,김광원,김영설,최영길,서광식 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

MC₃T₃-E₁골아세포군을 이용하여 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ를 투여하고 DNA합성과 골아세포기능을 측정하기 위해 PTH에 대한 C-AMP반응정도, alkaline phosphatase 활성도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ는 모두 DNA합성이 어느 농도까지는 증식효과를 나타내지만 그 이후에는 억제되는 양상을 보였다. 2) PTH에 대한 골아세포의 C-AMP반응으로 증가되었지만 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ의 투여시 농도변화에 따른 의미있는 변화는 없었다. 3) 본 실험의 조건에서 alkaline phosphatase 활성도는 증가되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 MC₃T₃-E₁ 골아세포에 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ는 세포의 증식을 자극하여 PTH는 C-AMP생성을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. The effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Ⅰ and Ⅱ on cloned MC₃T₃-E₁ cells that had osteoblastic activity was examined by [³H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, cyclic AMP responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase activity. IGF Ⅰ and Ⅱ stimulated the growth and proliferation of osteoblastic cells at 20ng/㎖ and 50ng/㎖, respectively. We next examined the effect of IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ on the expression of osteoblastic activity. Adenylate cyclase response of PTH to IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ-treated cells showed maximal stimulation at 10 and 50㎚PTH, respectively, but IGF Ⅰ and Ⅱ induced limited activity of osteoblastic function. In conclusion, IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ were potent stimulators to the growth of osteoblastic cells but did not have an immediate effect on expression of osteoblastic function in this experiment.

두경부 유리피판 26례 분석

정복성,윤근철,심경보,고경석,한상훈 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.3

Twenty four patients(21 males and 3 females) aged 14 to 70 years underwent 26 microvascular free tissue transfers in head and neck reconstructions from April 1990 to July 1992 (27 months) . Nineteen cases were tumors in head and neck area, and four were acquired deformities such as burn alopecia, burn scar contracture of the neck, Romberg disease and frontal sinus infection, and one was hemifaclal microsomia. The free flaps were executed successfully in 15 upper aerodigestive tracts, in 2 scalps and 3 skull bases and in contouring and resurfacing six facial and cervical lesions. The selection of donor site was bases upon the location of defect and the volume of tissue required : the forearm free flap was used in 11 cases, the rectus abdominis in 5, the groin in 2, the jejunum in 2, the occipital scalp in one, the first toe web space in one, the latissimus dorsi in one, the serratus anterior in one, the parietotemporalis fascia in one and the omentum in one. The free tissue transfers were primarily indicated in all patients in our series and there was no flap failure. The complications were minimal and the morbidities low. A free flap in the head and neck area is not only the most expedient method of reconstruction but also either the most reliable or the only available one in some clinical situations.

유기염기에 의한 방향족 무수물의 중합

정순량,천상윤 又石大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was spontaneously polymerized and decarboxylated by methyl imidazole. The polymerization was found to occur through formation of a charge-transfer complex, which was detected by UV-spectrophotometer. By fractionating the polymer by gel filtration, a polymer containing a little imidazole group was separated. This showed that homopolymer of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was prepared. The chemical structures of the polymers were investigated.

排水系統이 蒸發散量과 排水量에 미치는 影響

鄭相玉,尹學基 慶北大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.52 No.-

The effects of drainage system on evapotranspiration and drainage flows are studied. Data from drainage field experiment at Castalia in North Central Branch, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center were used in this study. A water table management model, ADAPT(Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport), which was developed by combining the GLEAMS and the subsurface drainage part of the DRAINMOD model with several modifications, was used to predict hydrologic components. The ET is very much affected by the presence of subsurface drainage system but not significantly affected by the surface drainage system. The combined surface and subsurface drainage system gives the largest total outflow values while the surface drainage system gives the smallest. Comparisons of model predicted and measured drainage values are in satisfactory agreements. The model predicted values are within the range of the variations of the observed replications in general. Based on this study, the ADAPT model can be used in designing water table management systems.

영남지역 납석 광상에 수반된 다이야스포아의 특성

정원우,상기남,이윤종 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

Mineralogy of diaspor in a pyrophyllite deposit in the Youngnam area has been studied by the methods of field investigation and laboratory works. Samll nodules of diaspore are present in a pyrophyllite deposit at Tongnae-Yangsan and Miryang area. Pyrophyllite-kaolin in this zone is accompanied by sericite, diaspore, mixed-layer mica/smectite, alunite, dumortierite and silica minerals. The pyrophyllite forms a lens-like body in a northerly-trending belt of rhyolitic flows and pyroclastic rock near the intrusion of granite rock of Bulkusa Series. The diaspore nodules occurring sporadically throughout the deposit contain platy diaspore and interstitial pyrophyllits. The nodules range in size from 1 ㎝ to 10 ㎝. Microprobe analyses, opitical data and unit-cell dimensions of the diaspore and pyrophyllite are given. Alteration of the original rhyolitic welded tuff exists along shear zones acting as channels for acid sulutions derived from Late Creataceous pluton. The formation of the pyrophyllite lenses involved outward migration of silica and alkalies, leaving behind less mobile alumina; short-range trasport of aluminum in solution is indicated by the diaspore nodules. by rate thin veins containing platy pyrophyllite, and by veins of massive pyrophyllits cutting silicified rhyolitic welded tuff at the termination of some shear zones. Published experimental work shows that the pyrophyllitization may have taken place within the temperature range of 350-370℃ under a pressure of 1 kbar or less. zones. Published experimental work shows that the pyrophyllitization may have taken place within the temperature range of 350-370℃ under a pressure of 1 kbar or less.