Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

강원도 남부지역에서 소나무림 벌채 후 초기 종조성 변화

조용찬 ( Yong Chan Cho ),김준수 ( Jun Soo Kim ),이창석 ( Chang Seok Lee ),조현제 ( Hyun Je Cho ),이호영 ( Ho Yeong Lee ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

강원도 남부 지역의 발달단계가 다른 소나무림 벌채지에서 16년 동안의 식생 변화를 연구하였다. 교란 후, 천이 궤적 및 환경 변화를 온도, 상대습도, 서열분석(Detrended Correspondence Analysis, DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure(MRPP) 및 지표종 분석(Indicator Species Analysis, ISPAN) 등을 통하여 분석하였다. 벌채 직후, 수관열림도는 대조구와 비교하여 세 배(1yr 68.3% 및 R1 23.0%)로 급격히 증가한 후 감소하였으나, 상대습도는 비교적 작은 변화(약 6% 감소)를 나타내었다. DCA 결과, 벌채 후 초기에는 종조성이 이질적으로 변화하였으나, 점차 벌채 이전(대조구)의 것과 유사하게 발달하였다. MRPP 결과, 각 발달 단계(1yr, 3yr, 10yr 및 16yr)의 종 조성은 대조구(R1, R3, R10 및 R16)의 것과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 1yr 및 3yr에서는 목본성 종이, 10yr 및 16yr에서는 초본 종들이 주요 종으로 분석되어, 교란 직후에는 목본성 종들이 활발한 재생을 나타내며, 이후 초본 식생이 발달하는 것을 보였다. 연구 대상지역의 천이는 초기 식물상 조성 모델로 설명할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Vegetation changes were studied for 16 yr in clearcut logged Pinus densiflora forests in the southern Gangwon-do province in Korea by applying chronosequence approach. Ambient temperature and relative humidity, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), Multiple Responses Permutation Procedure (MRPP), Indicator Species Analysis (ISPAN) were used to examine successional trajectory and compositional changes. After clearcutting, canopy openness was increased abruptly at three folds (1yr 68.3% and R1 23.0%) and then decreased, but relative moisture was slightly decreased (6%) compare to control site. In the result of DCA, right after clear cutting, vegetation composition was developed heterogeneously compared to control sites, and then approached to control sites within 16 years. Based on MRPP, species composition of each developmental stages (1yr, 3yr, 10yr and 16yr) revealed signigicant differences to that of control vegetation (R1, R3, R10 and R16). Indicator species in 1yr and 3yr samples included various woody species rather than herbaceous species, but in 10yr and 16yr, herbaceous were more abundant. Earlier succession of pine forests likely can explain to Initial Floristic Composition (IFC) Model.

PET/CT 검사 환자의 피폭선량 경감을 위한 연구

김봉수,표성재,조용귀,신채호,조진우,김창호,Kim, Bong-Su,Pyo, Sung-Jai,Cho, Yong-Gyi,Shin, Chai-Ho,Cho, Jin-Woo,Kim, Chang-Ho 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 환자의 피폭선량 감소를 위해 PET/CT검사 시Pitch를 조절하여 환자의 피폭선량을 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대해 고려해 보고 Pitch 조정이 CT 영상과 PET의 SUV값에 영향을 주어 변화가 있는지를 살펴 보고자 한다. 방법 : Siemens사의 Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT 형식 : TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)을 사용하였다. 환자의 피폭선량 평가로는 CT 조사선량 측정기인 PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383를 사용하여 선량을 측정하였고 Pitch 조정이 CT 영상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 AAPM Standard Phantom을 이용하여 pitch 변화에 따른 CT 영상의 공간 분해능을 측정하여 비교하였다. 그리고, PET source consists of a solid radioactive cylinder phantom을 사용하여 Pitch 변화에 따른 Fusion 영상의 SUV값을 산출하여 PET/CT 영상에서 SUV값이 변하였는지 확인하였다. 결과 : 2slice CT scanner에서는 Pitch가 0.7~1.3까지는 방사선량이 크게 떨어지나 1.5~1.9까지는 방사선량의 감소가 작아졌으며 Pitch값이 커질수록 환자의 피폭선량이 작아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Pitch값의 증가에 따른 SUV값의 변화는 거의 없었으며. Pitch값이 PET SUV값에 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Pitch의 변화가 CT 영상에도 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 위의 결과로 PET/CT를 사용하는 병원은 영상의 왜곡이 없고 PET SUV값에 영향을 주지 않는 범위 내에서 각 병원에 맞는 Pitch값을 찾아서 환자의 피폭 경감을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다. 그리고 Multi-detector를 가진 CT scanner인 경우에 모두 해당 될 것이라 생각되며 향후 다른 장비에서도 이와 같은 실험이 필요하다 하겠다. Purpose: As the number of patients has increased since the installation of a PET/CT, we are now examining about 2500-3000 annually. We have realized that if we properly adjust a pitch under the same condition of a CT during a PET/CT exam, radiation quantity that reaches the patient can change. In order to reduce the exposure dose of a patient, the research examines a method of reducing the exposure dose of a patient by controlling the pitch during a PET/CT exam, viewing whether the adjustment of the pitch influences CT image and PET SUV. Methods: The equipment used is a Biograph Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanner (CT type: TRCT-240-130 (WCT-240-130)) of Siemens company. For the evaluation of exposure dose of a patient, we measured radiation quantities using a PTW-DIADOS 11003/1383, which is a CT radiation measurement instrument used by Siemens. We measured and analyzed the space resolutions of CT images caused by the change of pitches using an AAPM Standard Phantom in order to see how the adjustment of pitches influenced the CT images. In addition, in order to obtain SUVs caused by each change of pitches using a PET source made with a solid radioactive cylinder phantom, we confirmed whether the SUVs changed in the PET/CT images by calculating the SUVs of the fusion images caused by the change of pitches after obtaining CT and PET images and finishing the test. Results: 2slice CT scanner showed that radiation quantities largely dropped when pitches ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 and that the reduction of radiation quantities were smaller when pitches ranged from 1.5 to 1.9. That is, we found that the bigger pitch values are the smaller the radiation quantities of a patient are. Moreover, we realized that there is no change of SUVs caused by the increase of pitches and that pitch values do not influence PET SUVs and the quality of CT images. It is judged that using 1.5 as a pitch value contributes to the reduction of exposure dose of a patient as long as there is no problem in the quality of an image. Conclusions: When seeing the result of the research, hospital using a PET/CT should make an effort to reduce the exposure dose of a patient seeking pitch values appropriate for their hospital within the range in which there is no image distortion and PET SUVs are not influenced from pitches. We think that the research can apply to all multi-detectors having a CT scanner and that such a research will be needed for other equipments in the future.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Changes of Sugar Composition and Related Enzyme Activities during Fruit Development of Asian Pear Cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Whangkeumbae’

Jin-Ho Choi,Jang-Jeon Choi,Chang-Seok Bang,Jung-Sup Lee,Dong-Woog Choi,Hye-Sun Cho,Jun Cheul Ahn 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.6

We report on the seasonal changes of soluble sugar accumulation and several enzyme activities related to sugar metabolism, in two Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Whangkeumbae’. Soluble sugar content increased as the fruit developed and its total contents in matured fruits were 104.6 and 95.1 ㎎ㆍg?¹ fresh weight for ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Whangkeumbae’, respectively. However, the fructose-glucose-sucrose-sorbitol ratio was not significantly changed. Sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was maintained at high level in leaves and low in fruits throughout the fruit development, although the enzyme activity highly fluctuated in young and mature fruits. NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase activity increased sigmoidally in both leaves and fruits during fruit development, and correlated with accumulation of total sugar in fruits. Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities remained low in leaves, but higher with two peak fluctuations in fruits. The change of soluble sugar contents positively correlated with SPS activity, based on the seasonal fluctuation of SPS activity and soluble sugar accumulation.

Graves 병 환자에서 항갑상선제 투여에 의한 TSH 수용체 항체의 변동에 관한 연구 : 치료 용량 및 기간에 따른 차이 및 임상상과의 관계 its relation to dose and duration of treatment~and clinical features

이문호,조보연,문대혁,고창순,민헌기,서교일 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

We undertook a prospective study of 59 patients with Graves' disease in order to clarify the influence of antithyroid drug on the immunological indices and to determine the association of the changes of TSH receptor antibodies activities with drug dosage, duration of treatment and clinical features according to mode of antitbyroid drugs treatment. Patients were divided into two groups. High dose group included 28 patients and conventional dose group 31 patients. We measured TBII activities, antimicrosomal antibodies, and the size of goiter every 3 months, comparing them with clinical features and laboratory findings. TBII activities declined from R months until 9 months following drug treatment. Therafter no significant change of TBII activities were observed. Antimicrosomal antibodies showed the same pattern of change. There was no statistically significant difference of declining rate of TBII activities, antimicrosomal antibodies, and reduction of size of thyroid between two treatment groups. TBII activities fell into normal range in 15 patients among those 44 patients who had been followed for more than 9 months (8 high dose group, 7 conventional dose group). In those 15 patients, TBII activities and frequency of exophthalmos were less than those whose TBII activity did not normalized. We conclude that TSH receptor antibodies activities and antithyroid autoantibodies are diminished by antithyroid drug treatment in patients with Graves disease and there is no relationship between dose of drug and declining of TBII activities. We suggest that changing levels of TBII activities might be secondary phenomenon which can be achieved by control of thyroid function by antithyroid drug rather than direct immunosuppressive effect of antithyroid drug per se.

석유 탈황용 미생물 분리 및 디젤유에 대한 탈황능 평가

조경숙,류희욱,장호남,장용근,장제환,손호용 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

석유 탈황을 위한 생물 촉매 개발 및 이를 사용하는 생물학적 공정에 관한 연구의 일환으로, DBT(Dibenzothiophene)를 모델 화합물로 선정하여, 국내 정유회사 주변의 윈유 누출 오염토양으로 부터 3개월간의 연속배양 및 집식배양을 통해 DBT를 효율적으로 탈황, 제거할 수 있는 60여종의 균주를 분리하였다. 선별된 균들 중 A23-3은 DBT를 유일황원으로 성장 가능하면서, 탄소원으로 hexadecane 은 이용하지 못하였으며, DBT의 포도당을 포함한 기본염 최소 배지에서 만족할 만한 속도로 DBT로 탈황하였다. 또, yeast extract나 trace metal solution을 첨가한 경우 DBT 제거속도는 약 4.5-6.5배 정도 증가하였다. 실제의 디젤유를 직접 처리한 경우, DBT 제거속도는 0.045g DBT/g-cell·hr이었다. 특히, 이 경우, DBT이외의 C₁₄ 이상의 heavy aromatic 화합물의 제거도 효율적으로 이루어짐을 알수 있었다. 따라서 A23-3 균주는 저유황, 저방향족 청정 디젤유 생산에 매우 유용하게 이용되리라 사료된다. For the development of biocatalysis and processes for microbial desulfurization of petroleum, more than 60 microbial strains capable DBT(Dibenzothiophene) degradation were isolated from oil-polluted soils through 3 months of continuous and enrichment cultures. Among them, A23-3 strain could grow on DBT as the only sulfur source, while hexadecane was not utilized as a carbon source. The rate of desulfurizaton b A23-3 in a DBT-glucose medium was satisfactory. The addition of yeast extract or trace metal solution accelerated the rate of desulfurization about 4.5-6.4 times. In case of actual diesel oil treatment, the specific rate of DBT degradation was 0.045g-DBT per g-cell·hour. A number of aromatic compounds heavier than C₁₄ in diesel oil were also degraded by A23-3 strain was evaluated as a good catalyst for the production of low-sulfur, low-aromatic clean diesel oil.

발정주기에 따른 흰쥐 질상피의 Lectin 결합특성에 관한 조직화학적 연구

진호준,이경훈,이왕재,황덕호,장가용,조사선 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.2

The Roles of the Government in Developing "Sport for All Movement" in Korea: From Intervention / Control to Accommodation / Support

( Ju Ho Chang ),( Seong Sik Cho ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2000 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.12 No.1

This study attempts to figure out the roles of the government in developing ``sport for all movements`` which from intervention/control to accommodation/support. It discusses the relationships between the development of sport for all and the governmental roles in Korea in terms of political, economic and societal changes. It points out that the governmental intervention and control were the basic orientation of sport-policies when the civil sectors of society and local autonomous administration were underdeveloped and the political regime was authoritarian. With the development and democratization of the civil society and politics, however, this study stresses that non-governmental organizations and local autonomous governments tend to take on the responsibility for the sport for movement. With regard to societal changes, the roles of the government should be more toward accommodation and support rather than intervention and control. This study argues that the expansion and growth of civil sectors will increase the diversification, effectiveness, and efficiency of the sport for all movement and that the increase in the functions and roles of the local governments will help to mobilize the local resources and community-based sport for all movement. Finally, it suggests the strong partnership relationships between the civil sectors and the government, and between the local and the national governments based upon mutual trust and cooperation.

Predicting Damage in a Concrete Structure Using Acoustic Emission and Electrical Resistivity for a Low and Intermediate Level Nuclear Waste Repository

Hong, Chang-Ho,Kim, Jin-Seop,Lee, Hang-Lo,Cho, Dong-Keun Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2021 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.19 No.2

In this study, the well-known non-destructive acoustic emission (AE) and electrical resistivity methods were employed to predict quantitative damage in the silo structure of the Wolsong Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center (WLDC), Gyeongju, South Korea. Brazilian tensile test was conducted with a fully saturated specimen with a composition identical to that of the WLDC silo concrete. Bi-axial strain gauges, AE sensors, and electrodes were attached to the surface of the specimen to monitor changes. Both the AE hit and electrical resistance values helped in the anticipation of imminent specimen failure, which was further confirmed using a strain gauge. The quantitative damage (or damage variable) was defined according to the AE hits and electrical resistance and analyzed with stress ratio variations. Approximately 75% of the damage occurred when the stress ratio exceeded 0.5. Quantitative damage from AE hits and electrical resistance showed a good correlation (R = 0.988, RMSE = 0.044). This implies that AE and electrical resistivity can be complementarily used for damage assessment of the structure. In future, damage to dry and heated specimens will be examined using AE hits and electrical resistance, and the results will be compared with those from this study.