효모 고정화 캡슐을 이용한 에탄올 생산

장호남,정수환,박중곤 한국화학공학회 1994 NICE Vol.12 No.1

역삼투압용 막지지천의 압력강하 특성

장호남,김동필,김연철 한국막학회 1993 멤브레인 Vol.3 No.1

Polyester, polyacrylics, nylon과 cotton을 이용해 이들의 막지지천으로의 사용가능성을 조사하였다. 압축률, membrane embossing, 유량과 물리적·화학적 특성 등을 고려한 결과 50 번수의 polyester가 막지지천으로 적당함을 알았다. 이 polyester를 막지지천으로 사용해 압력 강하, 조업압력, 점도 등이 막지지천을 통한 유체 흐름에 미치는 영향을 조사하였는데, 이 막지지천을 통한 유체 흐름은 Darcy's law를 만족시켰다. Fabrics of polyester, polyacrylics, nylon and cotton were tested to investigate the possibility. of using these matehals as a membrane support sheet. Considering the physical properties such as compaction rate, membrane embossing, water flux, the chemical and mechanical properties, 50 denlet polyester fabrics was found to be the appropriate material as a membrane support sheet among the tested materials. The experimental parameters such as pressure drop, compression pressure and viscosity were changed to investigate the effects of these parameters on the flow patten in this membrane support sheet. As a result, it was shown that Darcy's law could be satisfactorily applied to describe the flow pattern in this membrane support sheet.

학회소개 한국생물공학회

장호남 한국공학교육학회 1994 Ingenium(人材니움) Vol.1 No.2

화학공학 IMF

장호남 한국화학공학회 2001 NICE Vol.19 No.1

회원칼럼 : 34년간의 KAIST 교수 생활

장호남 한국화학공학회 2010 NICE Vol.28 No.3

충전식 회전 원반 반응기의 동특성 및 모델링

장호남,송규민,홍원희,한재성 한국화학공학회 1993 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.31 No.5

충전식 회전 원반 반응기에서의 흐름 형태를 50% 글리세린 수용액과 물감을 이용하여 조사하였다. 관찰에 의하면 반응기에서의 혼합영역은 유체가 원반과 같은 방향으로 회전하는 영역과 반대방향으로 회전하는 영역으로 나눌 수 있었고, 두 영역에서의 유체흐름은 난류이며 유체는 완전 혼합되었다. 반응기내 유체의 체류시간 분포를 설명하기 위하여 완전 혼합되는 2개의 영역과 샛길로 구성되는 3변수 다단모델을 설정하였으며 모델의 변수는 실험값과 Marquardt의 최적화 연산식을 이용하여 구했다. 모델은 실험값을 잘 대변하고 있음을 확인하였고 체류시간 분포의 해석을 위한 관계식이 제안되었다. The flow pattern in a rotating packed disk reactor was studied by using dye tracers in 50% glycerin solution. Based on the observation it was postulated that the fluid can be divided into two regions of mixing; one region where fluid rotates in the same direction of the disk, and the other region where fluid rotates in the opposite direction. The fluids in the two regions were highly turbulent and perfectly mixed. A three-parameter multi-step model was adopted, with each step composed of two perfect mixing regions and a bypassing, to illustrate the residence time distribution of fluid in the reactor. The parameters of the model were obtained from the experimental data, using Marquardt's optimization algorithm. The model was in good agreement with the experimental data. Correlations were proposed for the analysis of residence time distribution.

고분자 분리막 제조조건에 대한 산소 및 질소의 투과현상에 대한 연구

장호남,이필경 한국화학공학회 1989 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.27 No.1

Silicone rubber, Polyurethane과 Cellulose acetate를 평막으로 제조하여 산소 및 질소의 투과현상을 알아 보았다. 각 평막에 대하여 산소 및 질소기체를 투과할 때 투과량이 압력차에 따라 선형으로 증가하고 막두께에 반비례하였으며 Silicone rubber 막에서의 산소 질소의 투과도는 가각 390, 170 Barrers이었으며 선택도는 2.3이었다. Polyurethane 막에서는 1.5, 0.39 Barrers이었으며 선택도는 3.8이었다. 특히 Polyurethane 막은 용매로 클조로포름을 사용하여 진공건조하였을 때 그렇게 하지 않았을 때에 비하여 10배 정도의 더 큰 투과량을 보였다. Cellulose acetate 막은 수분제거시 냉동건조를 이용했을 때만 Knudsen flow를 보이나 투과도에는 거의 차이가 없었다. Permeabilities and selectivities of oxygen and nitrogen were studied using 3 flat polymeric membranes: silicone rubber, polyurethane, and cellulose acetate. Flow rate of permeates linearly increased with increasing pressure differences and was inversely proportional to membrane thickness. In silicone rubber membrane permeabilities of oxygen and nitrogen were 390 and 170 Barrers, respectively and selectivity of oxygen to nitrogen gas was 2.3. In polyurethane membrane permeabilities of oxygen and nitrogen were 1.5 and 0.39 Barrers, respectively and selectivity was 3.8. In addition the flow rate of permeates of the polyurethane membrane which was made using chloroform as solvent and vacuum drying was 10 times as large as those obtained from the polyurethane membranes made without using chloroform and vacuum drying. Only in freeze-dried cellulose acetate membranes the fluxes of oxygen and nitrogen were proportional to pressure differences. But the cellulose acetate membrane could not be used for oxygen/nitrogen separation process because the permeability of oxygen was almost the same as that of nitrogen.

[특집]바이오 매스 1톤으로 알코올 1,000L 생산에 대한 이론적 고찰

장호남,정권수,최진달래,김우현,Fei Quiang,박권우,공완지,박선원 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.1

매년 지구상에서 새로 생겨나는 바이오매스만 잘 이용하여도 화석연료 에너지의 대체가 가능하다. 본연구는 현재 바이오매스 1톤당 당 공법 (sugar platform)을 이용해 200L ~ 300L에 머물고 있는 에탄올 생산량을, 유기산 공법 (volatile fatty acid platform)을 활용하면 1,000L이상이 됨을 에너지 전자보존 이론을 사용하여 예측하였다. 포도당 1 톤을 사용하여 현재의 당 공법은 511kg (638L); 유기산공법을 이용하면 이의 1.5배인 766.5kg (958.1L)의 에탄올을 얻을 수 있다. 그리고 탄수화물성분이 60%, 지질 15%, 단백질 15%, 리그닌/무기질 10%인 음식물쓰레기를 사용하면 유기산 공법으로 1,134.9L를 얻는다. C3.95H7.4O2.05N0.3으로 표시되는 한국의 음식물쓰레기를 이용한 에탄올 생산량을 제안된 에너지 전자 이론으로 추정하면 1,441.4L이므로 이 이론의 유용성을 잘 증명해주고 있다. 그러므로 에너지 전자 이론은 각종 유기화합물의 에너지함량과 새로운 화합물 합성의 수율 예측에 크게 도움이 될 전망이다. Fossil fuel energy can be fully replaced by utilization of newly generated biomass on the earth each year. This study, using conservation of energy electrons, predicts an ethanol production of more than 1,000L per ton of dry biomass with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) platform rather than the conventional sugar platform that produces 200L ~ 300L ethanol per ton of cellulosic biomass. One ton of glucose can yield 511kg ethanol (638L) with sugar platform while the VFA platform yields 150% of the sugar platform value: 766.5kg, 958.1L of ethanol. A Korean food waste having 60% carbohydrates, 15% lipid, 15% protein and 10% lignin/inorganic will yield 1,134.9L with VFA platform. Another estimation of 1,441.4L ethanol from the Korean food waste with C3.95H7.4O2.05N0.3 molecular formulae confirms its usefulness. The energy electron theory will be useful in predicting a first-hand approximation of energy content of diverse chemical compounds and product yields of many useful compounds.

Economic Evaluation of Off-gas Recycle Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) in Industrial Scale Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Fermentation

장호남,김문일,Qiang Fei,최진달래,Longan Shang,Nag-Jong Kim,Jung Ae Kim,박현규 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.6

The use of high purity oxygen as a feeding gas in microbial fermentation has recent gained huge attention in industrial scale process due to its advantageous effect to increase viable cell density as well as target metabolite productivity. However, usage of highly pure oxygen is currently too expensive for industrialization. To overcome this limitation, off-gas recycle pressure swing adsorption (PSA) was employed which assist in continuous production of high purity oxygen during fermentation process. The off-gas from fermentation process contained about 70~ 80% oxygen which was re-utilized as the input gas in PSA, whereas conventional PSA process utilized air with 21% oxygen content. This difference in the oxygen content of the input gas decreased the size of PSA, resulting in reduction of equipment costs. Using the characteristics of off-gas recycle PSA, we analyzed and compared the economic feasibility of a highly pure oxygen supplying strategy for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) by Ralstonia eutropha based on previously reported data, using both air and highly pure oxygen. To achieve annual production of 3,630 tonnes of PHB the aforementioned method was adopted, by doing so the production cost of PHB was significantly reduced to 4.2 $/kg. While,the conventional process (utilizing air as the feeding gas)resulted in the highest cost (5.9 $/kg). The low cost of offgas recycle PSA was due to reduction of fixed capital cost,which was about 3 times lower than that of the conventional fermentation process. Therefore, the production cost of fermentation was considerably decreased by using a highly pure oxygen supplying strategy based on off-gas recycle PSA.

고정화 효소전극을 이용한 포도당분석

장호남,주대권,김영성,Jang, Ho-Nam,Ju, Dae-Gwon,Kim, Yeong-Seong 대한의용생체공학회 1982 의공학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Glucose oxidase from A. niger was entrapped in polyacrylamide gel which was used in the enzyme electrode for glucose analysis. The electrode was assembled by placing the gel between the membranes on the surface of a Clark type electrode. In order to make it possible to analyze the experimental results later, the stagnation flow was adopted wheree the governing fluid mechanics were well known. The current increased with the increase concentration in the bulk below a certain level of glucose concentration beyond which no more current increase was observed. This is probably due to the diffusion limitation of oxygen from the bulk solution. Also the current increased witll the enzyme loading in the gel, but the linearity between the current and the glucose concentration was rather limited to a narrow range. Flow rate was found to be very important, which means that film diffusion is very important under the flow rate of 5cm/sec. As a conclusion, enzyme loading, gel layer thickness, stirring speed and bulk concentration of glucose were found to be most improtant parameters in yielding a linar current reponse with respect to the bulk glucose concentration.