휴대폰 카메라용 자동초점 구동기의 충격해석

이성민,김봉석,송준호,이수훈,이혜진,이문구,송준엽,이창우 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Recently, the robustness against daily impact is important according to portablization and downsizing of mobile electronics. Especially, almost parts of cellular phone should undergo drop test when they fall 1.5 m above ground. This test simulates the case when cellular phone slips through user's fingers while he is talking on the phone. This paper studies a drop test of auto focusing (AF) actuator for camera module in cellular phone. This component is composed of voice coil motor (VCM) as an actuator and leaf spring as a guide and suspension. The leaf spring's deformation is essential for the test because its permanent distortion disables the focusing, and then, a high quality photograph cannot be obtained. Up to now the drop test has been carried out after fabricating real AF actuator. We propose a dropt test model which simulates the drop test based on finite element analysis. This model makes us enable investigate the stress acting on the clamping and curved parts of leaf spring. Stress over Von Mises criterion lets the spring deformed permanently, and then AF actuator malfunctioned, It helps us to design and modify AF actuator without manufacturing the real product. And also, it saves the time and cost for the development of new products.

In vivo transduction of ETV2 improves cardiac function and induces vascular regeneration following myocardial infarction

Lee, Sunghun,Lee, Dong Hun,Park, Bong-Woo,Kim, Riyoun,Hoang, Anh Duc,Woo, Sang-Keun,Xiong, Wenjun,Lee, Yong Jin,Ban, Kiwon,Park, Hun-Jun Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.2

<▼1><P>Vascular regeneration in ischemic hearts has been considered a target for new therapeutic strategies. It has been reported that ETV2 is essential for vascular development, injury-induced neovascularization and direct cell reprogramming of non-endothelial cells into endothelial cells. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of ETV2 in murine models of myocardial infarction in vivo. Direct myocardial delivery of lentiviral ETV2 into rodents undergoing myocardial infarction dramatically upregulated the expression of markers for angiogenesis as well as anti-fibrosis and anti-inflammatory factors in vivo. Consistent with these findings, echocardiography showed significantly improved cardiac function in hearts with induced myocardial infarction upon ETV2 injection compared to that in the control virus-injected group as determined by enhanced ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, ETV2-injected hearts were protected against massive fibrosis with a remarkable increase in capillary density. Interestingly, major fractions of capillaries were stained positive for ETV2. In addition, ECs infected with ETV2 showed enhanced proliferation, suggesting a direct role of ETV2 in vascular regeneration in diseased hearts. Furthermore, culture media from ETV2-overexpressing cardiac fibroblasts promoted endothelial cell migration based on scratch assay. Importantly, intramyocardial injection of the adeno-associated virus form of ETV2 into rat hearts with induced myocardial infarction designed for clinical applicability consistently resulted in significant augmentation of cardiac function. We provide compelling evidence that ETV2 has a robust effect on vascular regeneration and enhanced cardiac repair after myocardial infarction, highlighting a potential therapeutic function of ETV2 as an efficient means to treat failing hearts.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Cardiovascular disease: New hope for healing the heart</B></P><P>A gene therapy strategy that stimulates cardiovascular repair could improve recovery for heart attack patients. Heart attacks inflict severe damage on the heart and blood vessels, tissues with limited capacity for self-repair. Researchers led by Kiwon Ban of the City University of Hong Kong and Hun-Jun Park of the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, have now demonstrated that a gene responsible for cardiovascular development can also efficiently stimulate heart repair. They used viruses to deliver the gene into a mouse model of heart attack, and showed that treated heart tissues exhibited strong recovery relative to untreated controls. The treatment reduced scar tissue formation and promoted proliferation of the cells lining blood vessels and blood vessel formation, measurably improving heart function. This approach could lay the groundwork for treating a common potentially fatal event.</P></▼2>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

매크로/마이크로 레벨 볼트 결합 구조물에서의 실험적/해석적 방법을 통한 시스템 특성 비교

김봉석,이성민,이문구,이수훈,Jun Ni,송준엽,이창우,하태호 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

As the micro technology and miniaturization of a structure and component in the last couple of decades have been concretely realized, the understanding of structural and dynamic characteristics and prediction of dynamic behavior are indispensable to the miniaturized structures and micro machines. This paper shows the effect of dynamic characteristics in bolt-jointed structures by comparing natural frequencies and mode shapes between macro and micro-scale beams through experimental modal analysis and finite element analysis with a1 8 test models by materials, by size, and by joining condition; that is, SS41 and A16061-T651, micro and macro, and monolithic beam and bolt-jointed beam.

GC-ECD를 이용한 유기염소계 및 Pyrethroid계 농약 동시 분석법

김우성,이선화,김재이,정지윤,이명자,박영채,이영자,정성욱,이봉헌,박흥재 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Pesticides were extracted from samples with 70% acetone and methylene chloride in order, and then cleaned up via open-column chromatography apparatus packed with florisil, and finally analyzed simultaneously the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides using GC(ECD). An ultra-2 fused silica capillary column was used to separate and identify the products. The resolution between the last isomeric peak of cypermethrin(59.987min) and the first isomeric peak of flucythrinate(60.043min) was not satisfactory. The last isomeric peak of fenvalerate(62.344min) and the first isomeric peak of fluvalinate(62.397min) were overlapped. Recoveries of soybean sample for the most pesticides were 73.3% to 102.4%. Detection limits were between 0.004 and 0.063 ㎍/㎎ when this method was used.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

문제행동 청소년을 위한 대인관계 집단치료 효과

이후경,안현주,김선재,윤성철,봉수연 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : Fast change and confusion of the value system in society affect the identity formation of adolescents. So Adlescents' behavioral problems seem to be increasing yearly. It is known that the interpersonal group therapy is the most effective treatment modality among many group programs for adolescents with behavioral problems. Objectives of this study are as follows ; first, evaluate therapeutic effects of the interpersonal group therapy for adolescents with behavioral problems second, examine the therapeutic factors ; third, analyze the group process : fourth, orgamize the group therapy for adolescents with behavioral problems as an applicable treatment modality. The types of group therapy performed in this study are small, closed, homogeneous, outpatient, timelimited, and adolescent group. Methods : This study was carried out at one of the adolescents mental health services in Uiwang Mental Health Center, from April to June and from September to November in 2000. The subjects were 2nd grade students in K middle school with behavioral proplems. The experimental groups were composed of 4 groups including 2 male groups and 2 female groups (male 11, female 17), and the control groups matched the same conditions as the experimental groups (male 10, female 19). The group therapy was performed weekly in CA (club activity) time, and it took 60-70 minutes at one time. They met total 10 sessions including preparatory meeting and termination meeting. Before and after this program, self-rating scales (behavioral problems, aggression, and impulsivity) were applied for subjects, and the teacher rating scales (behavioral problems, aggression and impulsivity) were performed by teachers in charge. After each session, Yalom's 13 therapeutic factors scale was perfbrmed. At the last meeting, total assessment questionnaire was compleled. Results : The mean scores of all self-rating scales (behavioral problem, aggression, and impulsivity) were lower in the experimental groups (both male and female group) than the control groups, but not significant statistically except the behavioral problem scale of female students. The mean scores of all teacher rating scales (behavioral problem, aggression, and impulsivity) were lower in the experimental groups (both male and female group) in comparison with the control groups, all significant statistically. As faras the therapeutic factors are concerned ; first, the mean scores of all therapeutic factors in female students were higher than in male students and the mean scores of all therapeutic factors in the later half sessions were higher than the former half sessions ; second, catharsis and existential factor were high in all students and sessions ; third, identification with therapist factor was high in all students and sessions : fourth, during the later half sessions, interpersonal input was relatively high in male students and socializing technique was relatively high in female students. Its forthe total assessment questionnaires ; 100% of male students and 88.2% of female students reported that they were helped by this group therapy ; 100% of male students and 82.4% of female students reported that they would participate willingly if future opportunity of the same group therapy is given for them. Conclusion : Adolescents with behavioral problems who participated in this study showed the decrease of behavioral problems and the change of aggressive and impulsive attitudes in comparison with the control groups although they had some differences between male and female students. The group therapy with adolescents would be practiced more broadly and extensively though there are several accompanied problems including the difficulty of structuring, the deficit of motivation, and financial problem.

표고 톱밥재배시 중온성 품종의 종균 형태에 따른 생산성 비교

이봉훈 외 한국버섯학회 2008 한국버섯학회지 Vol.6 No.1

종균의 종류에 따라 중온성 품종의 생산성이 어떻게 달라지는지를 확인하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 버섯의 발생 경향은 세 처리구 모두 비슷했으며, 성형종균과 액체종균 처리구는 2차발생까지 총수확량의 50% 이상, 4차까지 80% 이상 발생되었다. 기형버섯조사에서는, 세 처리구 모두 2차 발생까지만 기형버섯이 발생되었다. 하지만 기형버섯 발생률에 있어서는 다른 처리구들에 비해 액체종균 접종구에서의 발생률이 낮았다. 수확량조사에서는 액체종균을 접종했을 때 배지당 411 g으로 처리구들 중 가장 많았고 10 g이 넘는 버섯도 309 g으로 톱밥종균과 성형종균에 비해 많았다. 그리고 발생된 자실체 개수는 톱밥종균과 성형종균 간에 유의성이 있었지만 자실체 개당 무게는 세 처리구 간에 유의성이 없었다. Studies were processed to confirm the difference of the shiitake productivity according to different spawn shapes(sawdust, plug-shaped and liquid spawns) on middle-temperature type strain. A tendency of fruiting was similar among three treatments, and treatments inoculated with plug-shaped spawn and liquid spawn produced over 50 % of total yield until 2nd flushing period and 80 % of total yield until 4th flushing period. In investigation of deformed fruitbodies, all of three treatments occurred until 2nd flushing period. However, in rate of deformed fruit-bodies, treatment inoculated with liquid spawn was lower than others. In investigation of yield, the amount produced on treatment inoculated with liquid spawn was 411 g per medium and it was highest among treatments. And the amount of fruit-bodies over 10 g was higher than others. Also, the number of fruit-bodies between sawdust and plug-shaped spawn was different, but each weight of fruit-bodies among three treatments was not different.

제주도 문섬 산호서식지 주변의 생물생태학적 특성 Ⅱ. 식물플랑크톤의 군집동태와 1차생산력

이준백,좌종헌,강동우,고유봉,오봉철 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2000 연구보고 Vol.14 No.-

Community dynamics of phytoplankton and primary productivity have been investigated bimonthly from February 1997 to December 1997 in the coastal area around Moonsom of the southern Cheju Island, which is well-known for soft coral habitats in Korea. Average water temperature was 18.5℃ , being stratified from May to September by the seasonal thermocline, while vertically homogeneous in the winter. Euphotic depths ranged from 18.9 m to 45.9 m (average 33.7 m). Chlorophyll α concentrations varied from 0.02 to 0.92 ㎍ · ℓ-1 Standing crops of phytoplankton ranged from 2×103 to 3.9×105 cells · ℓ-1, showing a peak only in the spring. Diatoms occupied 67.5% of the total standing crops, while phytoflagellates, dinoflagellates and others 24.3%, 7.1% and 1%, respectively. However phytoflagellates and dinoflagellates were predominated with 36.6% and 38.7% in June, respectively. There was four dominant species in the study area. Chaetoceros sociales Lauder was dominant species from December to April, Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg in June. In August, Chaetoceros socialis Lauder dominated in inshore but Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve in offshore. In October, Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Gran dominated the whole area. Daily primary productivity varied from 32.3 to 364.9 mg C · m-2 . day-1 (average 180.7 mgC · m-2 . day-1). Contribution of nanoplankton (<20 ㎛) to daily primary productivity was very high, accounting for 28.0-82.8%. Annual primary productivity is estimated 65.97 gC · m-2 ·yr-1, which is lower than those of the coast of Yellow Sea and the southern waters. Nanoplankton seemed to adopt higher irradiances with Ik values of 190-1,000 □· m-2·s-1 (mean 526.7 □ · m-2·s-1) than total phytoplankton with 140-850 □ ·m-2·s-1 (mean 466.7 □· m-2·s-1).

자동반송장치용 고추력 디지털 액튜에이터(SWT) 개발

이상호,이진,정봉원,정헌주 三陟大學校 2002 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

In this paper, we have developed the sandwich type digital actuator in order to improve the thrust force of digital actuator in the automatic transportation system. Also, it was analyzed by Finite Element Analysis(FEA) and Virtual Work Method. As a result of this paper, it was confirmed that the thrust force characteristics of the sandwich type digital actuator was improved considerably.