수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

젊은 성인에서 흡연에 의한 상완동맥 내피기능의 부전에 관한 연구

이상철,권영주,방덕원,이선해,이보영,김지욱,김영훈,온영근,현민수,김성구 순천향의학연구소 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.1

Background and Objectives : Cigarette smoking is a major factor and the most modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherosclerosis, before the structural change of the systemic arteries. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction might be present in the systemic arteries of young adult smokers and that this might be dose-dependent phenomenon. Therefore, we try to certify that smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults without other risk factor of atherosclerosis. Subjects and Methods : we studied noninvasively 29 subjects aged 3 to 4 decades without other risk factor of atherosclerosis, they were composed of the two groups, current smokers(n=15) and nonsmokers(n=14). Smoking history varied from 3 to 20 pack years. Using high-resolution ultrasound, vessel diameter and mean flow rate were measured at rest, during reactive hyperemia(with flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation), and after sublingual nitroglycerin(NG-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation). Result : Flow mediated endothelium dependent dilation was observed in the control subjects (9.4±3.44%) but was impaired in the smokers(5.8±2.51%)(p=0.004). NG-induced endothelium independent dilation is no difference in all subjects. Conclusion : Cigarette smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

골다공증의 위험인자 : 아산시 지역 주민을 대상으로

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,이남수,이상건,이상범,이상우,이선정,이성수 순천향대학교 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

Objective : As the average lifespan of human increases, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major health care problems. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, few studies have assessed the recognition of osteoporosis in general adults. This study examined the recognition of osteoporosis and analyzed the relating factors. Method : A population-based sample of 1086 adults in Asan-city, Korea was investigated with questionnaires and height, weight, Information regarding the general characteristics(gender, age, economic state), lifestylef exercise, smoking, alcohol),medical history(progestin, GH, steroid, calcitonin, PTH), demographic parameter, obesity, stress, and family history was collected through an interview using a structural questionnaire. The level of obesity was measured by the body mass index(BMI). BMD(Bone mineral density) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was considered to be T-score below -2.5. Results : The prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age, decreased with BMI and predominant in women by the result of x^(2) -test, T-test. Age, weight, BMI were significantly correlated with osteoporosis by the result of Pearson correlation ana1ysis(P<0.05). And age, gender, BMI, family history of osteoporosis were proved to be significant risk factors of osteoporosis by the result of multiple logistic regression(P<0.05). Conclusion : These results suggest that age, gender, BMI might be the most important risk factors of osteoporosis. And the history taking about family history of osteoporosis is helpful for diagnosing osteoporosis.

Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Korean Dictionaries and Some Model Dictionaries of the World : Critical Essays toward the Plan for a New Korean Dictionary

Lee, Sang Sup,Nam, Ki Shim,Ahn, Sam Huan,Choi, Young Ai,Hong, Chai Song 연세대학교 언어정보개발원 1988 사전편찬학 연구 Vol.1 No.1

After briefly reviewing the history of lexcoigraphy in modem Korea, Nam Kishim tackles many problems created by the general deficiency of current Korean monolingual dictionaries in phonological morphological and semantic points. For example, most Korean dictionaries do not treat such phonological changes as the shortening of the stem vowel ㅓ in 더운, the prenominal form of the adjective 덥다, whose stem vowel ㅓ is pronounced long. He also takes issue with the practice of Korean dictionaries of including all kinds of proper names on little reliable principles : a typical dictionary enters a 600m-high hill while excluding better-known mountains higher than that. Hong Chai-song concentrates on the often misguiding information on transitive / intransitive verbs in current dictionaries. For example, a representative dictionary designates the verb 뛰다 simply as intransitive. But it is quite often used as an transitive also. In the sentence, 철수는 운동장을 뛰었다, 운동장 is the object of the transitive verb 뛰다. How could the compilers miss such an obvious fact? Hong suggests that they may have not been interested in being grammatically informative. A historical survey of the Oxford English Dictionary(OED) is given by Lee Sang-sup, with special emphasis on the vast amount of quotations from real sources contributed by thousands of volunteer readers through several decades and on its unwavering historical principle. A comparison between the OED's definition of Kimchi and a Korean dictionary's 김치 is given, showing the difference of principle in treating the same lexical item. Ahn Sam-huan presents a detailed account of Grimm's Deutsches Wo¨rterbuch which took generations of German lexicographers 133 years from its inception to its completion in 1971. On the basis of his study, Ahn suggests that future dictionary makers should cooperate as a group on a long-range comprehensive project. A moltivolume dictionary is an all-important cultural event for the whole nation, not to be influenced by private commercial interests. Choi Young-ai's survey of Chinese lexicography highlights the now on-going publication of 漢語字典 and 漢語詞典, admirable results of the cooperative effort of hundreds of Chinese scholars, a modus operandi for the Yonsei University graze to adopt in planning a new dictionary of the Korean language.

In situ 고상 에피택시 방법에 의한 CoSi₂/Si(111)구조의 형성

이정주,강민성,김현수,최치규,이운환,이종덕,이영백,김건호,이정용 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

초고진공에서 공상에피택시(solid-phase epiyaxy, SPE) 방법으로 CoSi₂를 Si(111)기판 위에 에피택시 성장시켰다. 2MeV⁴He++ ion후방산란 분광기와 사중결정 x-선 회절기 및 고분해 투과전자 현미경을 이용하여 성장된 CoSi₂의 상과 조성, 결정성, 그리고 계면의 미시구조를 조사하였다. 초고진공상태의 실온에서 Si(111)-7X7기판에 Co를 약 20 ~50 ?? 중착한 후 SPE에 의하여 실리사이드를 형성시키는 경우 600℃에서는 B-형의 CoSi₂가, 그리고 700℃에서는 A형의 CoSi₂가 선택적으로 에피택시 성장하였으며, 정합성은 B-CoSi₂[110]//Si[110] and CoSi₂(111)//Si(111)이, 그리고 700℃에서는 A-CoSi₂[110]//Si[110], CoSi₂(002)//Si(002)을 나타내었다. Epitaxial films of CoSi₂were grown on Si(111) substrates by in situ solid-phase epitaxy in a ultrahigh vacuum. The phase, the chemical composition, the crystallinity, and the microstructure of the Silicide/Si interface were investigated by 2-MeV⁴He++ ion-backscattering spectrometry, quadruple crystal X-ray diffractometry, and high-resolution transmission eletron micorscopy. High-quality films of either B-type or A-type CoSi₂ could be grown selectively on Si(111) substrates by depositing ~ 20 ~ 50 ?? of Co on a Si(111)-7X7 substrate followed by in situ annealing at 600℃ or 700℃ for 10 min. The matching face relationships are CoSi₂[110]//Si[110] and CoSi₂(111)//Si(111) by B-type CoSi₂ and CoSi₂[110]//Si[110]//Si[110] and CoSi₂(002)//Si(002) for A-type CoSi₂.

뇌졸중 후 중추성 통증 환자에 대한 동서협진이 진통과 재활에 미치는 영향

이현종,김수영,이상훈,서동민,이두익,김건식,이재동,이윤호,양형인,박재경,최도영 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Purpose : In order to study the effectiveness of East-West pain treatment on central poststroke pain(CPSP), we evaluated its effect on alleviation of pain and rehabilitation of CPSP Patients who were treated with electroacupuncture and west pain treatment for four weeks. Methods : Twenty four patients diagnosed by their pain characteristics of central pain from stroke were treated with sympathetic nerve block, gabapentin, amitriptyline, and electroacupuncture for four weeks. Pain intensity through the visual analogue scale(VAS), and improvements of mobility and rehabilitation through the modified Barthel index(MBI) and Rankin scale(RS), respectively, before and after pain treatment were also assessed. Results : VAS pain scores were significantly improved from 7.7±1.7 to 4.4±2.0 with pain treatment(p<0.05). In accordance with improvement of pain scores, RS and MBI scores were also improved from 2.88±0.95 to 2.13± 1.01 and from 83.0± 16.9 to 94.7±9.5(p<0.05), respectively, with pain treatment(p<0.05). Conclusions : It was suggested that the active pain treatment was contributed to the rehabilitation of CPSP patients, resulting in improvement of quality of life of CPSP patients. Futhermore, East pain treatment in combination with West pain treatment may be useful modality to alleviate CPSP.

치아종을 동반한 석회화 치성낭에 관한 증례보고 : CASE REPORT

이난영,이선숙,이창섭,이상호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

석회화 치성낭은 상악 전치부에 호발하는 발육성 치성낭이나 조직학적 소견이 다양하고 따라서 분류 체계도 다양하다. 악골 내에서 느리게 진행되는 무통성 종창이 일반적이며 24-30%에서 매복치 및 치아종과 연관되어 나타난다. 피복 상피에 나타나는 유령세포는 결합 조직에 노출되어 석회화 조직을 형성한다. 이 증례는 14세 여아의 상악 견치부에 발생한 치아종을 동반한 석회화 치성낭으로, 매복된 상악 좌측 견치 치관 주위로 경계가 명확한 방사선 투과성 병소와 다발성의 방사선 불투과성 석회화 물질이 혼재된 병소였다. 조직병리학적으로 중층 편평상피로 이장되어잇고 상피 내에 유령세포가 관찰되었다. 석회화된 물질은 복합 치아종의 소견을 보여 Preatorius의 조직학적 분류에 의한 석회화 치성낭 Type IB로 진단되었다. 병소의 적출 및 병소에 이환된 견치 발치를 시행하였다. 현재 염증 소견이 관찰되어 병소에 이환된 상악 좌측 제1소구치는 치수치료를 시행하였으며 환아 및 보호자가 포괄적인 교정 치료를 원하여 현재 공간 유지 장치를 장착 중이다. The calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC) predominantly affected Maxillary anterior segment and it is developmental cyst. But COC showed diverse terminology or classification, clinicopathologic features as well as its biologic behavior. COC usually presents as slowly enlarging but otherwise symptomless swelling. Association with impacted teeth and odontoma is described in 24~30%. The epithelial lining of COC(ghost cell) appears to have ability to induce the formation of dental tissues in the asjcents connective tissue wall. This case is a COC associated with a odontoma involving an impacted left maxillary canine in 14-year old female child. Radiographic examination revealed a well-demarcated radiolucent lesion partially occupied by a radiopaque mass, involving the left canine. The histologic sections showed cystic cavity lined with ameloblastic epithelium containing ghost cell masses with regular and irregular shape odontoma. The final pathologic diagnosis was calcifying odontogenic cyst with odontoma(Type IB by Preatorius). Enucleation and elimination of the included tooth were performed. Now endodontic treatment was preformed on the 1st premolar of the upper left jaw, which had a lesion. And the patient and their parents want to have the orthodontic treatment performed and would like to keep the space maintainer.

톡소포자충 배양시 약제투여에 따른 Toxoplasma P30 유전자의 발현

이상걸,이영하,김계영,나영언,신대환 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1996 충남의대잡지 Vol.23 No.2

To know the drugs effect on gene expression and its regulating mechanism by RT-PCR and southern blot hybridization assay based on detection of the P30 gene encoding the major surface antigen, P30 of Toxoplasma gondii and the DNA synthesis in T. gondii infected HeLa cells. The experiment was performed and the results were as follows. 1. The thymidine incooperation in DNA of HeLa cell and T. gondii infected HeLa cell reached peak level at 36 hours and suddenly decreased at 48 hours. The uracil incooperation in DNA of T. gondii reached peak level at 48 hours. 2. The decrease of P30 gene expression began from 24 hours after pyrimethamine treated and 36 hours after methotrexate treated in T. gondii. The results were some what different. Pyrimethamine was more sensitive and acted earlier to T. gondii than Methotrexate did. The decrease of P30 gene expression of T. gondii was regulated these drugs in dose dependent manner. 3. The effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on P30 gene expression increased peak at 24 hours and on contrary decreased at 60 hours after treatment in dose dependent manner, but at 10mM high concentration of dibutyryl cAMP, P30 gene expression was supressed. 4. Actinomycine D supressed the P30 gene expression of T. gondii in HeLa cell. As the results, we presume pyrimethamine acts more powerful and earlier to supresses P30 gene expression than methotrexate, and it is regulated at transcription level. The results of RT-PCR were in agreement with that of southern blot hybridization.