정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Overexpression of Insulin Degrading Enzyme could Greatly Contribute to Insulin Down-regulation Induced by Short-Term Swimming Exercise

Min Sun Kim,Jun Seo Goo,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun Il Choi,Hye Ryun Lee,In Sik Hwang,Sun Bo Shim,Seung Wan Jee,Su Hae Lee,Chang Joon Bae,Jung Sik Cho,Jun Yong Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1

Exercise training is highly correlated with the reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although it enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake and glucose transporter expression to reduce severity of diabetic symptoms. This study investigated the impact of short-term swimming exercise on insulin regulation in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a non-obese model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Wistar (W/S) and GK rats were trained 2 hours daily with the swimming exercise for 4 weeks, and then the changes in the metabolism of insulin and glucose were assessed. Body weight was markedly decreased in the exercised GK rats compare to their non-exercised counterpart, while W/S rats did not show any exercise-related changes. Glucose concentration was not changed by exercise, although impaired glucose tolerance was improved in GK rats 120 min after glucose injection. However, insulin concentration was decreased by swimming exercise as in the decrease of GSIS after running exercise. To identify the other cause for exercise-induced insulin down-regulation, the changes in the levels of key factors involved in insulin production (C-peptide) and clearance (insulin-degrading enzyme; IDE) were measured in W/S and GK rats. The C-peptide level was maintained while IDE expression increased markedly. Therefore, these results showed that insulin down-regulation induced by short-term swimming exercise likely attributes to enhanced insulin clearance via IDE over-expression than by altered insulin production.

ULSI 금속배선용 구리의 전착

이동녕,김기범,최창희,이효종,민석홍 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.10

The microstructural evolution of Cu films deposited by electroplating was investigated with the variation of the deposition rate from 0.1 ㎛/min to 3 ㎛/min by using a copper sulfate solution. Electrodeposition of copper was conducted on 0.1 ㎛ or 0.5 ㎛ thick copper seed layer deposited by sputtering process. The growth characteristics were investigated by monitoring the surface microstructure, electrical resistivity and chemical composition. The feasibility of electroplating process for ultra-large-scale integration(ULSI) metallization scheme was demonstrated through preferred crystallographic growth direction, resistivity and step coverage. The uniform Cu film was successfully electroplated at deposition rates from 0.5 to 3 ㎛/min and its continuous growth on the copper seed layer was observed in every specimen. The resistivity of as-deposited copper film made at deposition rates from 0.5 to 3 ㎛/min was about 2.5μΩ-㎝ and subsequent annealing in a vacuum at 200℃ for 2 min reduced it to 2.3μΩ-㎝.

벤조디아제핀 수용체 영상용 양전자 방출 핵종 표지 플루마제닐 유도체 [F-18](3-(2-Fluoro)flumazenil의 합성과 생체 내 분포

장영수,이숙자,강삼식,홍성현,이명철,이동수,정준기,정재민,조정혁 대한핵의학회 1999 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.33 No.6

Purpose: Radiotracers that bind to the central benzodiazepine receptor are useful for the investigation of various neurological and psychiatric diseases. [C-11]Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, is the most widely used radioligand for central benzodiazepine receptor imaging by PET. We synthesized 3-(2-[F- 18]fluoro)flumazenil, a new fluorine-18 (t1/2=110 min) labeled analogue of benzodiazepine receptor imaging agent, and evaluated in vivo for biodistribution in mice. Materials and Methods: Flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) was synthesized by a modification of the reported method. Precursor of 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil, the tosylated flumazenil derivative was prepared by the tosylation of the ethyl ester by ditosylethane. [F-18] labeling of tosyl substitued flumazenil precursor was performed by adding F-18 ion at 85℃ in the hot cell for 20 min. The reaction mixture was trapped by C18 cartridge, washed with 10% ethanol, and eluted by 40% ethanol. Bidistribution in mice was determined after intravenous injection Results: The total chemical yield of tosylated flumazenil derivative was ∼40%. The efficiency of labeling 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil was 66% with a total synthesis time of 50 min. Brain uptakes of 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil at 10, 30, 60 min after injection, were 2.5±0.37, 2.2±0.26, 2.1±0.11 and blood activities were 3.7±0.43, 3.3±0.07, 3.3±0.09%ID/g, respectively. Conclusion: We synthesized a tosylated flumazenil derivative which was successfully labeled with no-carrier-added F-18 by nucleophilic substitution.

Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes : Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes

Lee, Jeong Min,Han, Joon Koo,Kim,Se Hyung,Lee, Jae Young,Kim, Dae Jin,Lee, Min Woo,Cho, Gyung goo,Han, Chang Jin,Choi, Byung Ihn Korean Radiological Society 2004 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.5 No.2

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Microspheres: Synthesis of Monodispersed Microspheres from Laplace Pressure Induced Droplets in Micromolds (Adv. Mater. 37/2012)

Choi, Chang‐,Hyung,Jeong, Jae‐,Min,Kang, Sung‐,Min,Lee, Chang‐,Soo,Lee, Jinkee WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.37

<P>A novel synthesis method for microspheres using micromolds based on the Laplace pressure difference is presented by Jinkee Lee, Chang‐Soo Lee, and co‐workers on page 5078. This simple micromolding technique makes it possible to synthesize highly monodispersed microspheres with the flexibility of various reaction schemes, such as photopolymerization, sol‐gel reactions, and colloidal assembly. This method is promising for the mass production of various sizes of monodispersed microspheres without the need for complicated control of fluids. </P>

기후변화가 농업부문에 미치는 경제적 영향 분석

김창길(Chang-Gil Kim),이상민(Sang-Min Lee) 한국농업경제학회 2009 農業經濟硏究 Vol.50 No.2

This paper measures economic impact of climate change on crop farming in Korea. Using cross-sectional data on climate, soil, farmland prices, and other economic and geophysical data, we employ a Ricardian approach to measure the relationship between climate and the farmland value. The study carries out a marginal impact analysis of increasing temperature and changing precipitation. The empirical analysis reveals that a rise of 1℃ in the annual average temperature (12.4℃ ) brought down the price of farmland per ha by approximately KRW 14.5~19.2 million, equivalent to a 5.7~7.5% drop in the average farmland price. On the other hand, an increase of 1㎜ in the monthly average precipitation (110.8㎜) was estimated to increase the farmland price per ha by KRW 330~360 thousand. In general, the results show that the temperature component of global warming is much important than precipitation. Findings call for monitoring and early warn-ing system of climate change and dissemination of information to farmers to encourage adaptations to climate change.

경제위기와 한국의 무역경쟁력:1997년 외환위기와 2008년 금융위기의 비교

장민수 ( Min-soo Chang ),이순배 ( Sun Bae Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2009 질서경제저널 Vol.12 No.2

본 논문은 두 번의 경제위기를 겪으면서 우리나라 무역에 있어서 어떤 변화가 발생하였는지에 대해 SITC 5부류에서 8부류까지의 159개 제조업 공산품을 대상으로 수출입 금액과 무역수지를 중심으로 상호 비교하였다. 또한 분석대상 상품을 특성에 따라 16개 산업으로 재분류한 후 무역특화지수를 측정하여 두 번의 경제위기에서 어떤 변화를 보이고 있는지를 산업별 및 기술수준별로 상호 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과90년대중반이후 한국 공산품의 무역특화지수의 변화 양상은 원달러 환율의 변화 양상과 매우 흡사한 모습을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 일반적으로 원달러 환율이 상승할 경우 단기적으로는 우리 상품의 국제경쟁력(즉 가격경쟁력)이 상승하면서 상품수지 흑자가 발생하고 이는 무역특화지수의 상승으로 귀결된다. 본고에서 비교분석한 결과를 보면 1997년의 외환위기 때가 2008년도의 글로벌 금융위기 때보다 더 큰 폭의 무역특화지수 상승를 보이고 있어 전반적으로 무역경쟁력이 더 큰 폭으로 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 그 원인은 첫째 환율상승 효과에 의한 것이며, 둘째 2008년의 금융위기 때는 세계 각국 경제가 불황국면으로 접어들었기 때문에 한국의 수출이 어려움을 겪을 것이기 때문이다. 두 번의 경제위기를 겪는 과정에서 우리나라 무역경쟁력은 일시적으로 상승하였지만 16개 산업을 상호 비교하기에는 각 산업별 무역특화지수의 월별 변동 폭이 커서 단순 비교는 쉽지 않았다. 또한 분석 대상 공산품을 기술수준별로 구분하였을 경우에도 1997년의 경우가 수출경쟁력에 전반적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타나고 있다. 반면 2008년의 경우는 중저위기술산업을제외하고는 별 영향이 없는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 아직 경제위기가 진행 중인데다 2009년도 무역자료를 단순 추정치로 사용하였다는 한계점이 노출되고 있다. 또한 대만과 같이 우리와 비슷한 경제수준을 가진 국가와의 국제비교 연구 등이 보충된다면 본 연구결과의 질적 수준도 높아질 것으로 본다. 7)ㅃ This paper looked into how Korean trade has been changing in the process of suffering two economic crises. The number of items to be analyzed was 159, ranging from SITC 5 to 8. They were measured in terms of the sum of imports and exports and balance of trade and then were compared to see how they differed in the process of two economic crises. Also, the 159 items to be analyzed were sorted again into 16 industries according to the properties of goods. Trade Specification Index(TSI) was measured for each industry, showing how they have changed in two economic crises. According to the result of the analysis, the way TSI of industrial products has changed since the mid-1990s was very similar to how won-dollar exchange rate has changed. In general, price competitiveness rises when the won-dollar exchange rate goes up. It then brings about trade surplus, which leads to the rise in TSI. The result of the comparison and analysis in this paper showed that the TSI rose more sharply in 1997 foreign exchange crisis than in 2008 global financial crisis. It is attributed to the effect of the rise in the foreign exchange rate. Another reason is that, amid the global financial crisis in 2008 when the world-wide depression was going on, Korean export suffered comparatively more than in 1997. The overall Korean trade competitiveness rose, though temporarily, while undergoing two economic crises. However, the monthly TSI which each industry shows in the two economic crises is inconsistent and shows such a wide range of fluctuation, which makes it hard to make a simple comparison. As such, only some unusual industries were mentioned in this paper. The classification of relevant industrial products according to the level of technology also showed that the 1997 crisis had a positive impact on the export competitiveness by and large, whereas there was not much influence in the case of the year 2008 except low-and-middle technology industry.

MaxEnt 모델링을 이용한 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 서어나무 (Carpinus laxiflora)와 개서어나무 (C. tschonoskii)의 분포변화 예측

이민기 ( Min-ki Lee ),천정화 ( Jung-hwa Chun ),이창배 ( Chang-bae Lee ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Hornbeams (Carpinus spp.), which are widely distributed in South Korea, are recognized as one of the most abundant species at climax stage in the temperate forests. Although the distribution and vegetation structure of the C. laxiflora community have been reported, little ecological information of C. tschonoskii is available. Little effort was made to examine the distribution shift of these species under the future climate conditions. This study was conducted to predict potential shifts in the distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii in 2050s and 2090s under the two sets of climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The MaxEnt model was used to predict the spatial distribution of two species using the occurrence data derived from the 6^th National Forest Inventory data as well as climate and topography data. It was found that the main factors for the distribution of C. laxiflora were elevation, temperature seasonality, and mean annual precipitation. The distribution of C. tschonoskii, was influenced by temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, and mean diurnal rang. It was projected that the total habitat area of the C. laxiflora could increase by 1.05% and 1.11% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. It was also predicted that the distributional area of C. tschonoskii could expand under the future climate conditions. These results highlighted that the climate change would have considerable impact on the spatial distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii. These also suggested that ecological information derived from climate change impact assessment study can be used to develop proper forest management practices in response to climate change.