대학 교양으로서 일반생물학 수업에서 ‘기후 변화’ 교육

박돈하(Don Ha Park),장수철(Soo Chul Chang) 목원대학교 교양교육혁신연구센터 2024 지식과 교양 Vol.- No.14

기후변화는 인류 모두가 풀어야 할 급하고도 중요한 과제이다. 그래서 대학 교육, 특히 교양교육에서 기후변화 교육을 수행해야 함은 이론의 여지 없이 너무도 당연하다. 본 연구는 생물학에서 가능한 ‘기후변화’ 교육을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 교양교육 과정의 일반생물학 교과 내용을 분석하였고 수도권과 지방의 국공립과 사립 대학이 개설한 교양생물학 교과 주제를 조사, 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 지구 기후 이해를 위한 원리와 개념을 제공하는 생태학 교육은 매우 중요하므로 교양 교과로서 일반생물학 수업은 원칙적으로 반드시 교과 과정에 생태학 단원을 포함하여야 한다는 결론에 이르렀다. 그런데 대학들의 교과 주제를 분석한 결과, 대부분 대학은 일반생물학 교과목에 이 단원을 포함하지 않았다. 이에 대한 대책으로, 생태학 단원 전체를 한 학기 또는 두 학기 교과 과정에 포함하지 못하더라도 기후변화에 관련된 5~6 주제를 다른 단원에 연결하여 수업을 진행할 수 있을 것이다. 또는 몇몇 대학처럼 생태학 교과목을 따로 개설할 필요가 있다. 또는 기후변화를 포함하는 다른 과학 교과목을 개설할 수도 있다. 다만, 이 경우 학생들의 교과목 수강 지도가 필요한데, 수강 지도를 담당하는 교원을 위한 기후변화 교육이 필요한 점은 과제로 남게 된다. 더불어 생물학뿐만이 아닌 자연과학과 인문사회과학을 포함한 여러 교양교육 교과들이 이러한 시도를 함으로써 기후변화라는 과제를 푸는 데에 도움을 제공하여야 한다. 더불어 교양기초교육원에서 제정한 ‘교양기초교육의 목적’에 기후변화에 관한 내용을 추가할 것을 제안한다. Climate change is an urgent and important problem that all humanity must solve. Therefore, it is indisputable that climate change education should be provided in universities, especially as part of liberal education. This study explored possible climate change education in biology. For this purpose, we analyzed the contents of the general biology curriculum in the general education curriculum and investigated and analyzed the topics of the general biology curriculum offered by public and private universities in the metropolitan area and local regions. As a result we came to the conclusion that general biology classes as a liberal arts subject must, in principle, include an ecology unit in the curriculum. However, most universities in Korea do not include this unit in their general biology curriculum. As a countermeasure, even if the entire ecology unit cannot be included in the curriculum for one or two semesters, the class can connect five to six topics related to climate change to other units. Otherwise, like some universities, there is a need to open a separate ecology course. Alternatively, other science courses that include climate change could be offered. In this case, though, guidance is needed for students to take the courses, and the need for climate change education for teachers in charge of course guidance remains an issue. In addition, various other liberal arts education subjects, including not only biology but also natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, should also make such attempts to help solve the problem of climate change. Moreover, we propose adding content on climate change to the ‘Purpose of Liberal Education’ statement established by the Korea National Institute for General Education.

척수손상후 운동 유발전위와 지각 유발전위의 비교

지철,이재수,하영수,최창락,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.4

Electrical monitoring of the nervous system offers the potential for the detection of injury, intraoperatively. The relationship of MEP(Motor Evoked Potential) and SEP(Sensory Evoked Potential) taken in 30 rats before and after spinal cord injury is reported. MEP was obtained from distal portion to the site of spinal cord injury by electrical stimulation of the cerebral motor cortex after insertion of a ball electrode in the cerebral motor cortex. SEP was collected at the cerebral somatosensory cortex during the sciatic nerve stimulation. Experimental animals were divided into a 20g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group and 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. Changes of cardiopulmonary function after cerebral motor cortex stimulation and pre-and post-injury MEP and SEP were obtained at constant time interval. The results were follows : 1) Significant changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate were noted to be elevated after stimulation of cerebral motor cortex and these were returned to normal in 10 minutes after stimulation. 2) MEP in control group showed that the latency was 8.6±1.54msec and the amplitude was 20.60±3.2㎶. In MEP of 20g㎝ spinal cord trauma group, the latency was increased to 30% (11.26±1.76msec) compared to control group at 10 minutes after the injury and the amplitude was decreased to 29% (14.60±2.99㎶). The latency was slowly decreased with the passage of time, to 21% increase. (10.42±1.84msec) at 1 hour after injury but the amplitude was not changed. In 50 g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group the latency was decreased to 75%(4.9±1.52㎶) compared to control group. With the passage of time, no change was revealed in latency but amplitude was decreased. The amplitude was decreased to 80%(4.00±1.49㎶) compared to control group. Change of MEP was marked in 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. With the passage of time MEP was slightly improved in 20g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group but deteriorated in 50g㎝ spinal cord-trauma group. 3) The latency of SEP in control group was 12.22±0.7msec and the amplitude of those was 20.00±2.21㎶. No significant statistical change was recorded in the SEP of each spinal cord-trauma group compared to control group. MEP might be more important indicator than SEP in estimation and evaluation of the functional change of spinal cord injury.

Dipyridamole 부하 심근 SPECT에서 Dipyridamole의 작용과 부작용

고창순(Chang Soon Koh),이명철(Myung Chul Lee),정준기(June Key Chung),이동수(Dong Soo Lee),최창운(Chang Woon Choi),배상균(Sang Kyun Bae),양형인(Hyung In Yang),여정석(Jeong Suk Yeo) 대한핵의학회 1993 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.27 No.2

N/A Dipyridamole is an agent that may be used to noninvasively evaluate coronary artery disease. The effect of dipyridamole infusion its generally related to its induced peripheral vasodilatory effect. In normal person, heart rate is generally increased slightly while blood pressure decrease, but the achieved double product and related myocardial oxygen consumption have no significant change. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect and side effect of dipyridamole, and to compare different response to dipyridamole among the patients. We evaluated 847 patients who underwent dipyridamole stress myocardial SPECT. 93.6% of them had induced hypotension 0.9% showed no change of blood pressure, 5.5% had increased blood pressure 8.3% had no change of pulse rate more than 10% of basal pulse rate. Among diabetes, 16.9% was not change of pulse rate, 6.7% in non-diabetes. There was no significant correlation between age and rate pressure product rest(RPPr), in patients without perfusion defects on SPECT(y=7.1x+48.4r=0.13 p>0.01). As increasing age, RPPs/RPPr was declined(y=-11.6x+68.9 r=0.17 p〈0.01), similar results were obtained in patients with perfusion defect. The size of perfusion defect on myocardial SPECT have no correlation between RPPr and RPPs/RPPr. The side effects of dipyridamole included chest pain and chest tightness, headache, abdominal pain, dizzness, nausea, and dyspnea. As increasing age, dipyridamole-induced cardiac work at rest was increased, cardiac response to dipyridamole was decreased.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

사염화탄소 투여 흰쥐에서 간섬유화 진행에 따른 Propranolol 의 약동학적 지표들의 변화

이민호,강주섭,강문수,윤병철,이오영,함준수,변재원,윤창옥 대한간학회 2001 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.7 No.2

Background/Aims : This study was designed to determine the effect of hepatic fibrotic severity on pharmacokinetics of propranolol in CC1q - treated rats. Methods - 1 mL/kg of 10% CC14 in olive oil was injected intramuscularly to rats twice weekly for 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively (n=6). Control (n=6) was a sham - injected equal dose of olive oil for 10 weeks. After intravenous bolus injection of 2 mg/kg propranolol to rats, the serum propranolol concentrations were analyzed for 4 hours at various time points by a HPLC - fluorimetric system, and pharmacokinetic parameters such as Co, MRT, AUC, Vdss, tl/2(p) and CLp were determined. Then, a small amount of hepatic tissue was obtained and subjected to determination of the hepatic 4 - hydroxyproline content, which confirmed the hepatic fibrotic severity. Results : The serum concentrations of propranolol at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours were significantly increased in CC1q-treated rats (p$lt;0.01). In proportion to the duration of CC4 treatment, Co and AUC were significantly increased, and Vdss and CLp were significantly decreased (p$lt;0.001). But MRT and t1/2(β) were not significantly changed. The hepatic 4 -hydroxyproline content was gradually increased in CC4-treated rats (p$lt;0.001). Conclusion - Gradual changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol were seen to be dependent on the hepatic fibrotic severity. We suggest that gradual dosage modification, according to their hepatic fibrotic severity, is necessary for many drugs administered to patients with chronic liver disease.(Korean J Hepatol 2001;7:181-188)

Al³^(+) 존재가 ^(99m)Tc-MDP의 표지효율과 생체내 분포에 미치는 영향

장영수,정재민,김영주,곽철은,이동수,정준기,이명철,고창순 大韓核醫學會 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

전치의 후방견인에 따른 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화

강창수,김경호,최광철 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.2

입술의 돌출을 해소하고자 하는 환자들은 자신의 안모 개선을 안모의 측면보다는 거울로 볼 수 있는 정면을 통하여 느끼는 것이 보편적이다. 안모의 정면에서 평가가 이루어질 때에는 입술이 후방으로 들어간 정도와 함께 입술과 그 주위 조직의 수직적 변화에 의해서도 큰 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 교정치료 진단이나 치료 후 평가를 위한 측모두부방사선 사진 분석 시 전통적으로 중요시되고 있는 입술의 시상적 이동뿐만 아니라 흔히 간과하기 쉬운 수직적인 변화에 관해서도 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 입술 돌출을 주소로 내원한, 성장이 완료된 성인 여성 61명을 대상으로 측모두부 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 전치의 후방견인시 나타나는 입술과 주위 연조직의 수직적 변화를 계단식 다중 회귀 분석법을 이용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.상, 하순의 philtrum길이 (SnLs, LiB') 는 전치의 후방견인 후 증가하였고, 상, 하순의 vermilion height (LsStms, StmiLi) 와 vermilion length (LsLi) 는 감소하였다. 2.상, 하순의 길이 (SnStms, StmiB')와 연조직의 하안면 고경 (SnMe')은 치료 후 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3.상순의 philtrum길이 증가에 상악 전치의 정출 △UIV 이 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며 하순의 philtnlm길이 증가에는 치료 전 overjet이 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 4.상, 하순의 vermilion height감소에 상순의 두께 감소가 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. Patients who want to reduce their lip protrusion usually estimate the severity of the lip protrusion on the frontal aspect. Most orthodontists have a perplexed experience of a reduced thin line of vermilion border on the frontal aspect as incisors are retracted, even though the lip protrusion is thought to be reduced favorably on the sagittal aspect. Some patients also look older after orthodontic treatment because of severe lip thinning. This unaesthetic reduction of vermilion border urges us to study the vertical lip change during orthodontic procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical lip and perioral soft tissue changes in respect to incisor retraction in an effort to analyze which factors might be responsible for their vertical changes, using the multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. 1.Upper and lower lip philtrum length(SnLs, LiB') were increased after retraction of anterior teeth, where as upper and lower vermilion height(LsStms, StmiLi), and vermilion length(LsLi) were decreased. 2.Upper and lower lip length(SnStms, StmiB'), and soft tissue lower anterior facial height(SnMe') did not show any significant difference after treatment. 3.The increase of the upper lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the extrusion of upper anterior teeth(△UIV), and the increase of the lower lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the initial overjet before treatment. 4.The decrease of the upper and lower lip vermilion height was mainly influenced by the decrease of upper lip thickness.

Cronkhite-Canada 증후군 1예

이수걸,문창형,김무영,최성호,여동승,강필중,송철수,조몽,양웅석,허윤,문한규 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.2

저자들은 Cronkhite-Canada 증후군 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a disease entity, including such characteristics as gastrointestinal polyposis associated with ectodermal changes-alopecia, hyperpigmentation of the skin and atrophy of the nails. But it has no familial tendency. In 1955, a report of 2 patients by Cronkhite and Canada established this entity as clinically distinct from any of the other known forms of gastrointestinal polyposis. Since that time, at least 53 similar casas has been described in the world literature, but no case has been reported in Korea.

Aggressive Variant of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Accompanied by Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Min Chul Cho,Chang Ahn,Ji Hyeon Roh,Jungbum Bae,Jong Sun Choi,Eo-Jin Kim,Hae Won Lee,Kwang Soo Lee 대한비뇨기종양학회 2013 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is a distinct histologic subtype of RCC and accounts for approximately 5% to 10%. The prognosis for ChRCC is considered to be better than those for other types of RCC. Sarcomatoid transformation occasionally occurs and has been presented as a predicting factor of poor prognosis. However, there has been a scarcity of reports on aggressive type of ChRCC without sarcomatoid change. Here we report an unusual case of aggressive variant of ChRCC with hilar lymph node metastasis, with tumor necrosis and without sarcomatoid change. In addition, this case was accompanied by synchronous occurrence of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.