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일본의 ‘유전자원 접근 및 이익 공유(ABS)’에 관한 최근 동향 : 「나고야의정서」의 채택과 관련하여
이민호 한국한의학연구원 2012 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.18 No.2
Objectives : The 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 10) was held in Nagoya, Japan in October 2010, during which an international convention on access to genetic resources and conventional knowledge and sharing of benefits thereof was adopted. The Oriental Medicine field uses medicinal herbs based on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge about genetic resources. As such, if Korea, China and Japan compete over the ownership of such traditional knowledge, it will almost certainly trigger disputes over the payment of royalties among other problems. Notably, since the traditional medicine industry is closely related with China, it is highly likely this will adversely affect Korea's production of medicines using natural materials, including Korean herbal doctors' prescription, formulation and preparation of medicinal herbs. Methods : This study also analyzed the recent situation in Japan, which is the chair nation of the Nagoya Protocol and a member nation like Korea. It analyzed the Japanese people's awareness of the Nagoya Protocol and its strategies in the two years since its adoption, as well as the Guidelines for Genetic Resources, which were newly revised in 2012. Conclusions : The Nagoya Protocol requires the preparation of legislative and administrative measures and policies in order to pave the way for sharing the benefits deriving from the use of genetic resources and the relevant traditional knowledge with the providers of such resources. Thus, corresponding domestic legal measures need to be taken. Such measures include the refining of the procedure of accessing genetic resources, the designation of liaison offices, a competent agency and a supervisory agency, and the building of a system designed to issue internationally acknowledged certificates. It is also important to operate related professional consulting offices, as is the case in Japan. In addition, in the case of genetic resources, there is a need to seek multinational and bilateral cooperation including free trade agreements. Regarding traditional knowledge about genetic resources, measures need to be prepared to enable the three East Asian countries, namely, Korea, China and Japan, to commonly use ancient literature on Oriental medicine and to claim exclusive rights to such intellectual properties. Notably, with China now moving to expand the scope of traditional knowledge through the WIPO, Korea needs to prepare response measures.
淸代 ‘懷慶藥商’의 商業 活動과 네트워크 形成 ― ‘協盛全’과 ‘杜盛興'을 中心으로 ―
이민호 명청사학회 2011 명청사연구 Vol.0 No.35
懷商是指明淸時期河南懷慶府所屬的河內, 孟縣, 溫縣, 武陟, 修武, 濟源等縣商人所組成的懷慶商帮. 懷慶位于河南省西北部, 北枕太行山, 南臨黃河, 沁河, 丹河等河流貫穿境內, 全境爲沖積平原. 明淸時期, 懷慶因其豊富的物産, 四通八達的水陸交通, 以及山西商人的影響, 在中原地區商品經濟的發展中占有十分重要的地位. 懷慶商帮以本地所産四大懷藥(地黃, 牛膝, 山藥, 菊花)爲依托, 以自己獨特的經營之道, 步入商海之林, 參與競爭, 幷且在競爭中發展壯大. 明淸時期, 不少懷慶商人離鄕背井, 足迹遍及大江南北, 形成了遍及全國的商品貿易網絡, 促進了懷慶與全國各地的商品交流. 明淸時期, 懷慶府地區出現了 ‘協盛全’, ‘杜盛興’ 等一批知名商號. 這些懷商商號通過遍布各地的網絡進行貿易, 不僅促進了懷慶地區與全國各地的商品流通, 發展了地方經濟. 協盛全在國內的各個分店按水系劃分管理區域, 總店則根據經營需要不斷遷移, 開始在開封, 後來到武漢, 店鋪100餘家, 廣及河南, 河北, 天津, 上海, 湖北等10個省區. 杜盛興除了經營傳統上的四大懷藥外, 也經營麝香, 朱砂, 黃芪, 黨參等名貴中藥材. 當時懷藥運鎖主要走水路, 懷商稱外出經營爲“跑水”. 懷慶藥商, 從懷慶府出發, 舟車轉運, 渡黃河入汜水至禹州, 然後過社旗, 入唐河, 襄河, 南下武漢, 長沙, 廣州等地. 禹州, 武漢是懷藥南下途中兩個最爲重要的中轉站和集散地, 建在這兩個地方的懷慶會館的規模也最爲宏大. 懷慶會館是淸代以來河南懷慶商人集資建造的活動場所, 是懷慶商人發展的標志. 分布在各地的懷慶會館, 爲將懷藥推向海內外市場, 謀求懷帮貿易更大的發展進行了多方探索
이민호,민승남,윤상영,김정룡 대한인간공학회 2009 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11
이 연구의 목적은 여러 종류의 힐 형태와 보행로 너비에 따른 보행 안정도를 평가하는 것이다. 실험참가자는 20대 여성 6명을 대상으로 하였고, 힐의 굽 높이(3㎝, 6㎝)와 굽 굵기(얇음, 중간, 굵음) 및 보행로 너비(제한 없음, 10㎝, 20㎝, 30㎝)에 따라 보행 안정도를 보기 위한 발바닥의 압력 중심(Center of Pressure, COP)의 위치 변화를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 보행 안정도는 힐의 굽 높이와 굽 굵기에 따라 통계적으로 p<0.01에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며 보행로 너비에 따라서는 통계적으로 p<0.05에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 힐의 굽 높이가 높고 굽 굵기가 굵을수록 보행 안정도가 높았으며, 보행로 너비가 넓을수록 보행 안정도가 높았다. 특히 보행로가 30㎝이상의 너비로만 주어진다면 상대적으로 높은 보행 안정도를 유지할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.