한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

전자코를 이용한 마늘냄새의 감소 효과 분석

손주아,임채란,손희진,강진희,노봉수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.19 No.-

Ths effectiveness of reduction of garlic flavor in model solution was investigated using metal oxide sensor of electronic nose. After removing garlic sample (control) it was washed by milk or casein solution. The obtained data from electronic nose were analyzed by principal component analysis. Control Sample was separated from the treatment that was washed with 1, 3, 5% casein solution by first principal component score. There is no difference between 1% casein treatment and 3% casein one. Five percent casein solution was effectively differentiated from control. It means that casein (5%) might be bound with garlic flavor. One percent green tea was effective but it was done by washing rather than binding.

분만과 진통중 지속적 경막외마취와 간헐적 경막외마취의 비교연구

손수창,최세진,최희자 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.1

Thirty one healthy women, ASA physical status 1-2 with an uncomplicated pregnancy and single fetus in vertex position were given lumbar epidural analgesia. After the initial injection of 0.25% bupivacaine(with 1:400,000 epinephrine) 8-10ml and fentanyl 50-75㎍, the parturients were divided randomly assigned to either continuous infusion group or intermittent infusion group. Intermittent infusion group received 0.125% bupivacaine (with or without 1 : 800,000 epinephrine) 10-12ml and fentanyl 50-75㎍. Continuous infusion group received 0.125% bupivacaine and fentanyl 2 ㎍/ml at a rate of 8-10ml/hr. There was no significant difference between two groups in duration of epidural infusion, duration of the second stage of labor, duration of pushing, motor block at delivery, mode of delivery and Apgar scores. 15 of 16(94%)women in the intermittent group, and 11 of 12(92%)women in the continuous group had analgesia of excellent or good quality. The number of refill-doses was 1.8±1.5 in intermittent group and 1.6±1.5 in continuous group, nonsignificantl different. The total dose of bupivacaine administered during epidural analgesia was more in continuous group than in intermittent group significantly. However mean hourly dose of bupivacaine and fentanyl were similar in both groups. It is concluded that the maintenance of epidural anangesia by continuous infusion is a safe and reliable method and may be advantageous and less labor intensive than the traditional intermittent technique.

미량 Ni 첨가 Fe-Ni 합금의 고온산화 거동에 관한 연구

孫根洙,尹在弘,金晋夏,金顯洙,成田敏夫,林重成 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.10

Oxidation behavior of Fe-Ni alloys added by small amount of Ni was studied, under the exposure to the temperatures up to 1100℃, 1150℃, and 1200℃, respectively. The slope of mass change curve representing an oxidation rate was 1 or 2 up to 20 seconds and decreased to 1/2 after 20 seconds in a parabolic shape. The temperature of the initial stage of oxidation increased more quickly at the furnace inside than at the surface of the specimen, and its behavior was reversed due to oxidation heat after 20 seconds later. Oxide layer was mainly composed of FeO. And particle of Fe_3O_4 and Fe_2O_3 was distributed in FeO layer. The order of the composition ratio for the oxide was Fe_2O_3,·Fe_3O_4,·FeO at the oxide surface, FeO,·Fe_3O_4,·Fe_2O_3 at the internal oxide, and FeO,·Fe_3O_4,·Fe_2O_3 at the surface of metal after stripping oxide layer.

뇌동맥류파열에 의한 뇌지주막하출혈 환자의 수술시기에 따른 예후 분석

손진열,박인성,황수현,백선하,김은상,정진명,김재형,한종우 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.3

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

일개대학병원에서 수막알균 백신 사용의 경험

손동욱,이찬우,정영국,조래정,이혜경,김은실,이진수,정문현 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.6

Meningococcal infection is a life threatening disease that leaves serious sequelae in spite of appropriate treatment, thus vaccination for high risk groups are Important for the prevention of meningococcal diseases. However, the vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis has not been available in Korea until we introduced bivalent (serogroup A and C) polysaccharide vaccine for the first time for relief works in our university hospital. The vaccine was administered from January 2005 to March 2007 to 317 persons. of the groups administered, the largest group among them were 133 (133/317, 42%) students who planned to study abroad and needed the vaccination for secure entrance to school dormitories. This group was followed by health care workers, travellers to the regions of the world with high risks of meningococcal diseases, and splenectomised patients. To ratioalize the domestic use of meningococcal vaccine, the availability of vaccines first needs to be simplified by introducing them to the domestic market; for this to be possible, the approval system for vaccines should be reformed and epidemiogical studies need to be carried out.

피혁공업단지 공동폐수처리장의 유입폐수 특성

손희정,김춘희,김수생 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.20 No.2

The wastewater dischaged from several major leather processing industries and the mixed influent wastewater in J leather complex were investigated for a year(1995. 1-1995. 12) in order to evaluate the fluctuation of pollutant loadings. Average wastewater qualities from the cattlehide processing were BOD 1,710㎎/ℓ and COD_(Mn), 1,821㎎/ℓ and those from the pigskin processing were BOD 4,868 ㎎/ℓ, COD 4,915 ㎎/ℓ and COD/BOD ratios were 1.06 and 1.01, respectively. In addition, average wastewater qualities from the fishskinprocessing were BOD 1,020 ㎎/ℓ, COD 376 ㎎/ℓ and those from the sheepskin processing were BOD 3,884 ㎎/ℓ, COD 2,202 ㎎/ℓ and COD/BOD ratios were 0.37 and 0.57, respectively. The Flow rate of 55% at leather industrial complex wastewater treatment plant was found to be on the range of 5,000㎥/day~6,500㎥ /day and the average mixed wastewater qualities were charcterized as BOD 2,679㎎/ℓ, COD 1,986㎎/ℓ, SS 4,288 ㎎/ℓ. The average BOD and COD loading were 14,614kg/day, 9,964kg/day, respectively. About 46% of daily BOD loading fell on the range of 14,000kg/day~l7,000kg/day and about 90% COD loading did on the range of 9.000kg/day~l1,000kg/day, which showed the most frequent range. And about 95% of total Suspendid Solid was found from 3,300 ㎎/ℓ~4,700 ㎎/ℓ.

마취중 체온변화에 관한 연구

손수창,이정은,김익수,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.2

To study the temperature change and the degree of heat loss during general anesthesia, skin temperature, tympanic temperature and rectal temperature were measured in 21 patients. Mean skin temperature was calculated from four probes situated on the lateral aspect of the mid-calf, the ventral surface of the mid-thigh, the nipple and the lateral aspect of the upper arm, using the formula of Ramanathan, and the heat loss can be calculated by Burton's formula. the result are as follows. 1. Mean skin temperature increased higher than control value at 20 minute, not significantly. thereafter remained high. 2. Tympanic temperature decreased significantly at 20 minute (p<0.005), esophageal temperature decreased at 60minute, and rectal temperature decreased at 90 minute significantly (p<0.05). 3. There was continuous loss of total body heat during general anesthesia. 4. In the recovery room, the aural temperature increased progressively.