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野上彌生子が描く大正期の新家庭と「主婦」 ‒女中物語「小指」と「渦」を中心として‒
李姃垠 한국일본근대학회 2014 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.43
Among works Nogami Yaeko had published from Meilji to Taisho era, there are several ones of maids employed by her, which are 「Oyoshi」, 「Koyubi」, 「Uzu」.The evaluations of the works are divided into positive and critical one respectively: i) Yaeko’s uniquely elaborate observation based on sympathy for adolescent girls is excellent; ii) the mistress’s attitudes to maids are indifferent and premodern, and there privileges are expressed without any filtration. However, such a critical evaluation is derived from a careless decision based on limited observations of the work and unnoticed background and situation of the Taisho era. And it also seems to miss the Yaeko’s characteristic descriptions and therefore a true intention hidden in the works. This thesis attempts to consider the intentions of the works by revealing an identity of character creations including the heroine, a maid Kimi and the mistress, Soyoko, and continuousness of a story. Moreover, as a background from which Yaeko successively presented the works using the maid as a material at an early Taisho, the situation of the time in which a new middle class appeared should not be ignored. A meaning of the Yaeko’s <Maid Story> would be re-interpreted and its position re-established by considering maids’ roles in households and societies as well as relationship changes between maids and mistress, on the basis of newspapers including the 「Hujosinbun」, etc and magazine materials such as 「Hujinkoron」 and so on through which family lives can be briefly observed at that time.
최고경영자 특성과 기업의 ESG 성과:기업지배구조의 조절효과
이정은,김나미 한국인적자원개발학회 2023 인적자원개발연구 Vol.26 No.2
This study focuses on the impact of CEO characteristics on ESG performance. Specifically, we examine whether observable and prominent CEO characteristics, such as compensation level, tenure, and gender, have a significant influence on ESG performance. Additionally, our objective is to test the moderating effect of corporate governance on the relationship between CEO compensation level and ESG performance. Using a sample of 204 listed companies in the United States from 2000 to 2009, with a total of 1,277 observations, we conducted empirical analysis, and the results are as follows. High CEO compensation level had a negative impact on ESG performance, but this negative relationship was mitigated in companies with strong corporate governance. Moreover, longer CEO tenure was positively associated with higher ESG performance, and companies led by female CEOs demonstrated higher ESG performance compared to those led by male CEOs. We discussed the implications and limitations of these empirical findings. 본 연구는 기업의 가장 중요한 인적자원인 최고경영자에 주목하여, 최고경영자의 특성이 기업의 ESG 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 밝히고자 하는 연구이다. 구체적으로 관찰 가능하고 가장 두드러지는 최고경영자의 특성에 해당하는 보상 수준, 재임기간, 성별이 기업의 ESG 성과에 유의미한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이와 더불어, 최고경영자의 보상 수준이 기업의 ESG 성과에 미치는 영향을 기업지배구조가 조절하는지를 검정하고자 한다. 본 논문의 연구 가설 검정을 위해 2000년부터 2009년까지 미국의 204개의 상장 기업을 대상으로 얻은 1,277개의 관측치를 가지고 실증분석을 진행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 최고경영자의 높은 보상 수준은 기업의 ESG 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 강한 기업지배구조를 가지고 있는 기업에서 둘 사이의 부적인 관계가 완화되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 최고경영자의 재임기간이 길수록 기업의 ESG 성과가 높아졌으며, 남성 CEO와 비교하여 여성 CEO가 기업을 경영하는 경우 해당 기업의 ESG 성과가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 기업의 성공적인 ESG 활동을 위해서는 기업의 장기적인 지속가능성에 대한 최고경영자의 관심과 실행 의지가 중요하며, 어떠한 특성을 가진 CEO들이 기업의 ESG 경영을 성공적으로 실현해가는 지를 파악하는 것은 기업의 인적자원개발을 위해 중요하다. 이와 관련된 본 연구의 이론적, 실무적 시사점과 한계점, 향후 연구 방향에 대해서 논의하였다.
이정은,정경문,조민주,김경환,최동훈 한국고분자학회 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.5
Three-armed, star-shaped molecules containing 4-(N,N-diphenyl)amino-4'-nitroazobenzene chromophores were synthesized to study the diffraction behavior after inscribing surface relief gratings. The two molecules differed in terms of their mode of chromophore attachment to the core. In compound 5, they were bound to the core laterally through alkylene spacers, whereas the chromophores were tethered perpendicularly to the core in compound 4. Although 60 wt% of the polar azobenzene chromophores was comprised of large molecules, no aggregation behavior was observed in the absorption spectra of the thin films. The surface relief gratings were elaborated on the surface of the molecular films by the two-beam interference method. The dynamics of grating formation were studied in terms of the diffraction efficiency using two different film samples made up of two star-shaped molecules. The maximum diffraction efficiency of D-(ENAZ)3, compound 4, was measured to be about 30%, which was significantly high. The mode of chromophore attachment affected the dynamic properties of the diffraction gratings.
이정은,엥흐툽신,M.Ariuntungalag,B. Odgerel,S. Burmaa,L. Ganbold 대한마취통증의학회 2010 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.58 No.3
Background: Pediatric day surgery shortens the hospital stay, reduces the exposure of nosocomial infections and allows for active parental participation. But pain delays the recovery and it increases the morbidity, including nausea and vomiting, and the maladaptive behavioral changes. This study was conducted to compare the effect of rectally administered paracetamol or diclofenac combined with regional nerve block with the traditional pain control method. Methods: Two hundred forty one randomly selected pediatric patients were allocated into two groups. The empirical pain relief group (the control group, n = 120) included the patients that received intravenous sulpyrin and/or meperidine postoperatively. The patients in the multimodal preemptive pain relief group (the study group, n =121) received regional nerve blockade with 0.25% bupivacaine combined with preoperative rectally administered paracetamol 45 mg/kg or diclofenac 1 mg/kg 60 min before surgery for cases that were to undergo lower abdominal surgery. But only paracetamol or diclofenac was rectally administered preoperatively in the other surgical cases. Results: The mean time in the recovery room for the study group was shorter than that for the control group. The postoperative pain was hurts even more in 16.7%, worst in 11.8%, a whole lot in 26.5% and no pain in 27.5% of the control group patients. But the pain was hurts little more only in 11%, a little bit in 10.0% and no pain in 88.9% of the study group patients. The average postoperative VAS score was 0.21 ± 0.6 in the study group and 8.36 ± 1.7 in the control group, respectively. Vomiting, nausea and fever were more frequently observed in the control group. Conclusions: The pain intensity of the children who were treated with rectally administered paracetamol or diclofenac combined with regional nerve block before surgery was significantly decreased as compared to that of the children who were treated with the traditional method.
Recent Trends of Medical Expenses Associated with Radiation Therapy in Korea Based on HIRA Big Data
이정은,양경미,안용찬,박원,허승재 대한암학회 2023 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.55 No.3
Purpose We aimed to determine the trends in the use of radiotherapy (RT) and the expenses associated with it in South Korea. Materials and Methods The statistical data of the claims and reimbursement records provided on the Health and Insurance Review and Assessment Service website were utilized. This included information such as the number of patients, fractions, medical expenses according to treatment codes, in/outpatient, sex, age, and regions of hospitals. We analyzed data from 2016 to 2020. Results With a growing RT infrastructure and an increase in the number of radiation oncologists, the expenses for RT were 605.5 million USD in 2020, which had increased 1.5 times from 394.7 million USD in 2016. This growth was mainly because of the increased usage of advanced RT techniques. Furthermore, the proportion of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) expenses in the total expenses increased by 1.6 times from 48.8% in 2016 to 76.9% in 2020. Advanced techniques were used more commonly in older individuals or children. However, the proportion of IMRT expenses increased mostly in young women. Additionally, geographical differences in RT use and expense were observed, although the gap in the IMRT fractions decreased among the regions. Conclusion Recent medical expenses associated with RT in Korea have increased in tandem with technological advances and changes in demographics.