Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Young-Chul Kim,Hyun-Hee Chae,Sang-Heock Oh,Seung-Ho Choi2,Moon-Pyo Hong3,Gi-Heum Nam,Jae-Yoon Choi,Hyun-Sook Choi,Kyu-Song Lee 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.

영·유아 언어, 인지, 사회·정서 발달 평가도구 문항 개발을 위한 예비연구

이종숙,신은수,박은혜,김영태,유영의,최일선,유흥옥 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2009 교육과학연구 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 만 2~5세 영·유아의 발달 상태를 객관적으로 평가함과 동시에 발달이 지연된 영·유아를 선별할 수 있는 발달평가도구 문항을 개발하기 위한 예비연구이다. 이를 위해 문헌고찰 및 발달관련 평가도구들을 비교 분석하여 발달지표를 선정하고, 만 2세~5세까지의 영·유아의 언어, 인지, 사회·정서발달영역을 교사관찰에 기초하여 평가할 수 있는 문항을 개발하였다. 연구대상은 대도시, 중소도시, 읍면 소재지 별로 표집 된 만 2세부터 5세까지 총 13개 유아교육기관에 다니는 435명의 영·유아들이며, 본 연구에서 최종 개발된 평가도구의 문항은 총 141문항이다. 평가도구 문항은 언어, 인지, 사회·정서발달영역별로 영·유아의 행동과 언어를 중심으로 교사가 관찰하고, 관찰하기 어려운 문항에 대해서는 단서와 kit를 제시하여 평가할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 개발된 평가도구 문항의 적절성을 알아보기 위하여 내용 타당도와 내적 신뢰도를 살펴본 결과 비교적 양호한 것으로 나타났다. This was a preliminary study to construct a developmental rating scale for understanding children's objective developmental levels and screening developmental disabilities. For this purpose, a developmental indicator was selected by a literature review and comparative analysis of related developmental assessment tests. An assessment scale based on teacher's observations to measure language, recognition, and social-emotional developmental areas was developed. The subjects were 435 young children aged 2 to 5 who lived in both urban and rural areas. A trial test consisted of 141 assessment items in the language, recognition, and social-emotional developmental domains. The developmental scale was evaluated by teachers who observed children's behavior and language, and used clues and kits. Tests on validity and reliability for confirming the appropriateness of the developed assessment scale showed that content was relatively valid and internally consistent.

환자, 간호사, 의사가 지각하는 교육요구도와 교육제공정도에 관한 연구

박인숙,문영숙,조미경,최은숙,이경숙,정길수 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for the planning of education of patients by exploring and comparing patients', nurses' and doctors' perception of the educational needs and degree of providing education. 66 hospitalized patients undergoing chemotherapy and 44 nurses, 42 doctors assigned for the direct care were sampled in 1 university hospital in Taejon from August 30, 1993 to September 30, 1993. For the comparing patients', nurses' and doctors' perecption of the educational needs and degree of providing education, the researcher used Kims' Educational need scale which is composed of 20 item Likert type 5 point scale. Data were analyzed by means of percentile score, SPSS, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation. The result were as follows 1. Comparision of total Mean score patients', nurses' and doctors' perception of the educational need ordering nurses(M=4.0465), patients (M=3.9803), doctors (M=3.8309). The difference between the three group's total Mean score is showed no statistical significant difference. 2. Comparision of total Mean score patients' educational need, patients' percetion of nurses' and doctors' degree of providing education, patients' educational need is scored 3.9803, patients' perception of nurse is scored 2.3431, patients' perception of doctor is scored 2.5022. The difference between the patients' educational need and medical teams' degree of providing education is showed statistical significant difference(P<.001). 3. Comparision of total mean score nurses' educational need is scored 4.0465, nurses' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is scored 2.9920, patients' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is scored 2.3431. The difference of between the nurses' educational need and nurses' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is showed statistical significant difference(P<.001) 4. Comparision of total mean score doctors' educational need is scored 3.8309, doctors' perception of doctors' degree of providing eduation is scored 3.1726, patients' perception of doctors' degree of providing education is scored 2.5022. The difference of between the doctors' educational need and doctors' perception of doctors' degree of providing education is showed statistical difference(P<.001).

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

Helicobacter pylori와 대장균의 Shuttle Vector 개발

조명제,이우곤,이상룡,김경희,안영숙,김성희,김현주,류복덕,최여정,윤영혜,백승철,전영석,이광호 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.16 No.-

In this study, a vehicle vector using cryptic plasmids was constructed for gene transfer in Helicobacter pylori. pHP51(3.9 kb) and pHP489(1.2 kb) were selected for constructing vectors from cryptic plasmid of H. pylori isolates in Korea. The HindⅢ-digestedDNA fragment(1.2kb) of pHP489 and 1.6kb DNA fragment of pHP51 were ligated with a kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ) from C. jejuni to produce the recombinant plasmids pHP489K and pHP51K, respectively. Transformation frequency of pHP51K by electroporation was low. But pHP489K could be effectively transformed into various H. pylori strains. In order to design an intermdiate vehicle vector for gene transfer into H. pylori, pBlueHP489K was prepared by recloning pHP489K DNA into pBluescript and pTZ19R vector. This vector permitted the DNA fragment containing pHP489 sequence, aph3'-Ⅲ, and cloned DNA to be cut and self-ligated in the SacⅠ site after cloning. ureA and ureB gene were inserted into pBlueHP489K, resulting in pBlueHP489K/AB. The DNA fragment containing pHP489, kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ), and urease structural gene was cut away from pBlueHP489K/AB and self-ligated to generate pBlueHP489K/AB. pBlueHP489K/AB made urease-negative H. pylori strains restore their urease activity. By this experiment, pBlueHP489K was confirmed to be the vehicle system for transferring H. pylori genes.

시설수용 아동과 일반가정 아동의 언어능력에 관한 비교 연구

김경란,김정이,김진숙,김희숙,서화숙,조현주,주숙영,최승미 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1988 婦學 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to compare the verbal ability of institutional children with that of family children. We investigated the following question: ⑴ Is there a difference in verbal ability between institutional children and family children? ⑵ Are there age and sex differences in verbal ability between 4-year-olds and 6-year-olds? The sample of this study was 32 institutional children and 32 family children, with an equal number of 4-year-olds and 6-year-olds. The instrument for measuring children's verbal ability was the Children's Verbal Ability Test developed by Jang Young-ae(1981). The data were analyzed with a three-way ANOVA. The results of this study were the following: ⑴ There was a significant main effect of early care environment on children's verbal ability. That is, family children showed a higher verbal ability score that institutional children. There was a significant three-way interaction effect between early care environment, sex, and age. The size of the effects of early institutional care varied according to sex and age. ⑵ There was a significant main effect for age. That is, 6-year-olds showed higher verbal ability than 4-year-olds. The importance of an adequate verbal environment for institutionalized children was discussed.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

각성에 관한 이론적 연구

최영곤,표내숙 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Arousal, synonymous with activation and alertness, is one aspect of attention. The neurophysiology of arousal was discussed relative to the autonomic nervous system, specific brain mechanisms, and electrophysiological indicators of arousal and activation. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic. The sympathetic division is responsible for heightened arousal while the parasympathetic division helps to maintain homeostasis. Three of the brain structures and mechanism that are of significant importance in arousal are the ascending reticular activation system, the hypothalamus, and the cerebral cortex. Some of the electrophysiolosical indicators of arousal are electrocortical activity(EEG), heart rate, muscle tension(EMG), and the galvanic skin response(GSR) The relationship between arousal and athletic performance is represented best by the inverted-U curve. The foundation of inverted-U theory is the classic work of Yerkes-Dodson(1908). Three theories that predict a quadratic relationship between performance and arousal are cue utilization theory, signal detection theory, and information processing theory. Cue utilization theory is based on the principle of relevant and irrelevant cues and attentional narrowing. Signal detection theory is based upon the notion of errors of commission and omission and on a subject's response criterion. Information processing theory is based upon channel capacity and neural activity. Each of the inverted-U theories hypothesize that an optimal level of arousal is necessary for best performance. Drive theory was discussed in terms of the effects of arousal on learning and performance. In its simplest form, drive theory posits a linear relationship between athletic performance and arousal or drive. According to drive theory, increased arousal elicits the dominant response. For beginners, or when practicing a highly complex task, the dominant response is generally the incorrect response. For simple tasks, or for highly skilled performers, the dominant response is generally the correct response.

수준별 평가를 지원하는 XML 기반 문제은행 시스템의 설계 및 구현

최숙영,백현기 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.1

웹기반 교수 학습이 효과적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 교수-학습 활동이 학습 목표에 도달되었는지를 평가하는 일이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 기존의 HTML 형식과 파일 형식의 문제은행 시스템은 관리하기가 어렵고, 다양한 형태로 문제를 생성할 수 없으며, 공유를 할 수 없다는 단점이 존재한다. 또한 학습자 수준에 맞는 평가 문제를 제공하기가 힘들다. 이에 반해, XML 문서는 구조화된 정보를 체계적으로 생성하고 관리할 수가 있으며, 기존의 파일 형태 정보에 비하여 의미적인 정보 단위를 구조화하여 표현하기 때문에 문서의 관리 및 검색, 저장에 효과적으로 이용할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 XML을 기반으로 한 웹기반 문제은행 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였으며, 학습자 수준을 분석하여 적절한 평가 문항을 제시함으로서 수준별 개별학습을 지원할 수 있도록 하였다. For effective web-based teaching and learning, it is necessary to estimate whether activities for it have attained to the learning goal. In HTML and file based item pool systems, it is difficult to manage, to create questions into various forms, and to share with other systems. It is also not easy to provide suitable questions according to the level of learners. On the contrary, XML document can systematically create a structured information. Since XML represents a structure with meaningful information units, it can be effectively used to manage, search, and store documents. Therefore, we designed and implemented a web-based item pool system based on XML, which can support leveled assessment by analyaing the level of learners and providing appropriate questions according to it

혈액에서 연속 분리된 Staphylococcus epidermidis의 항균제 내성 및 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis 양상

최인옥,정숙인,신동현,박영규,신종희 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : 혈액배양에서 Staphylococcus epidermidis가 분리될 경우 임상적 의의를 판정하기가 쉽지 않으나, 일반적으로 연속해서 분리된 균주가 동일한 유전형을 보이면 균혈증의 원인균일 가능성이 높다고 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 동일한 환자(12명)의 혈액에서 연속 분리된 S. epidermidis 각 2주씩을 대상으로 PFGE를 이용하여 유전형을 분석하여 동일 균주가 분리되는지 유무를 조사하고, 이를 항균제 내성양상 및 균주간의 분리일 간격과 비교하여 보았다. 결과 : 동일인에서 분리된 두 균주간의 PFGE 양상을 비교한 결과, 8명(66.6%)에서 분리된 균주는 동일한 PFGE 양상을 보였으나 4명(33.3%)에서는 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. PFGE 양상이 동일한 8명 중 7명에서는 항균제 내성양상도 동일하였으며, PFGE 양상이 서로 다른 4명에서는 항균제 내성양상도 서로 달랐다. 따라서 동일인에서 연속 분리된 균주에 대한 PFGE와 항균제 내성검사의 일치율은 91.7% (11/12)였다. PFGE 양상은 동일 환자에서 균이 분리된 시간 간격이 4일 이내 일 때 88.9%(8/9)에서 동일하였고, 분리일의 간격이 5일 이상일 때는 모두(3명)에서 서로 다른 PFGE 양상을 보였다. 결론 : 혈액에서 연속 분리된 S. epidermidis 균주의 PFGE 양상은 상당 수 환자에서 서로 달라, 동일 균종일지라도 오염의 가능성도 상당히 높음을 알 수 있었다. 연속 분리된 S. epidermidis 균주의 항균제 내성양상과 분리된 날짜 간격은 유전자형별 검사가 어려울 경우, 동일균주가 연속 분리되었는지 유무를 아는데 도움을 주리라 생각된다. Background : The significance of Staphylococcus epidermidis positive blood cultures is difficult to determine, but repeated isolation of the same organism with the same genotype is suggestive of true bacteremia. Materials and Methods : Two sequential isolates of S. epidermidis from blood cultures of the same twelve patients were genotyped by PFGE. The results were compared with those of antibiotyping and isolation time intervals between the two strains. Results : The two sequential strains from each patient had identical PFGE patterns in 66.6% (8 of 12) of the patients and two different types in 33.3% (4 of 12) of the patients. Antibiotypes of the two isolates from the same patient were different in all 4 patients whose isolates had different PFGE patterns, and they were the same in 7 of 8 patients whose isolates had identical PFGE patterns:the PFGE results were in agreement with the antibiotyping for 91.7% (11/12) of patients. The isolation time interval between the two strains was ≤4 days in 9 cases, 8 of which had identical PFGE patterns. In the 3 cases whose isolates had different PFGE patterns, the isolation time interval between the two strains was ≥5 days. Conclusion : These data showed that two consecutive isolates of S. epidermidis from blood cultures had different PFGE patterns in 33% of patients, suggesting a high prevalence of contamination. In the absence of genotyping measures, both antibiotype and isolation time interval can be alternative and useful tools for determining strain relatedness of sequential isolates of S. epidermidis from blood cultures.