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Reduction of H2S in anaerobic digestion of sewage wastes
박영규,박영규 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
In order to make the best biogas production in the anaerobic fermentation, it is important to be able to compare the raw input materials on the basis of their sustainability, which may include a variety of environmental indicators. This study examined the comparative sustainability of renewable technologies in terms of their life cycle CO2 emissions andembodied energy, using life cycle analysis. The comparative results showed that power generation of bioenergy was associated with 0.96 kWh/m3 biogas and the reduction of CO2 emission is 2.1kg of CO2/kg Biomass. Other environmental indicators should be applied to gain a complete picture of the technologies studied. The generation of electricity is 2.07 kWh/m3 biogas in comparison with theoretical results of 3.09 kWh/m3 (efficiency of generator is 30%) based on the assumption of the removal efficiency 95% of CO2, methane conversion 100%, efficiency of generator 30%. Final results are the production of methane: 250 m3/day, production of electricity: 770kWh/day when used 5m3/day of waste.
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Recycling of surfur using chelate absorption reactor
박영규,박영규 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Several experiments have done to investigate the removal of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) synthetic gas from biogas streams by means of chemical absorption and chemical reaction with 0.1M - 1M Fe/EDTA solution. The hydrogen sulfide of biogas was bubbled through an gas-lift column with Fe/EDTA resulting in the formation of sulfur particles. Wide range of optimal operating conditions were tested for both Fe/EDTA solution and the biogas, and the optimal ratio of Fe/EDTA concentration for efficient removal of hydrogen sulfide was found. The roles of Fe/EDTA were studied to enhance the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide because of oxidizing by Fe+3/EDTA. The motivation of this investigation is first to explore the feasibility of enhancing the toxic gas treatment in the biogas facility. The biogas purification strategy affords many advantages. For instance, the process can be performed under mild environmental conditions and at low temperature, and it removes hydrogen sulfide selectively. The end product of separation is elemental sulfur, which is a stable material that can be easily disposed of with minor potential for further pollution. The process to address over 90% removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide does offer considerable advantages unrealized.
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박영규 한국교정학회 2005 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.28
This study treats the Prisoners’ Rights to contact with (to ask an interview with, and to correspond with) the outside World of the Prisoners. In other words, the purpose of this study is to indicate the Prisoners' Fundamental Rights in the constitution and the difficulty of interpreting the law about Prisoners' Rights. This study on Guaranteeing the Constitutional Rights of Prisoners discusses many topics and problems treated by many countries' laws and rulings, pertinent to Prisoners' Rights and those limit, especially in the light of history of in the Germany, in the Japan and in the United States. throughout the history of corrections of that country, Prisoners' Rights had comparatively few rights. Discussing the Inmate Rights are frequently seen by the public as unnecessary expenses and luxuries. Maybe the court's reluctance to interfere with prison management stemmed from the belief that such intrusions would only make the administration of correctional facilities more difficult to correct effectively.Prisoners Rights are major problems with present criminal policy. Therefore, Prisoners' Rights must be protected to the utmost.Since the end of the Second World War, criminal policy of the international community, centering around the United Nations, has had an influence on Korea, leading to the latest revision of the country's Prison Act. The Prison Act must stipulate to what degree Prisoner's Rights may be restricted as well as how assistance can be received when those rights are violated. To solve these problems, the following are proposed. The penal system must be able to address the complaints of prisoners (on Guaranteeing the Constitutional Rights of Prisoners ,named the prisoners’ Rights to contact with the outside World of the Prisoners)according to law, and there must be more flexibility in the operation of prison affairs.
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박영규 한국교정학회 2012 矯正硏究 Vol.- No.57
The New Revised Juvenile Act introduces several important provision for juvenile offenders. they are the Protective Disposition(1 month, short time and long time in Juvenile Training School), Recommendation toward Reconciliation, the Investigation System before prosecutors judgement, The Training Programs etc. Juveniles should be the target of protection rather than punishment even if they commit a crime, because they are an immature being and are easy to be influenced by environment. New Rrevised Juvenile Law was revised in Korea and created provisions to strengthen human rights for juvenile. The Protective Disposition, Juvenile Probation and Parole has been carried out, based on lots of laws and regulations. The recent amendment of Juvenile law will cause a lot of changes for The Protective Disposition, Juvenile Probation and Parole since they are mainly based on Juvenile law. There are neverthless some challenges to be resolved in order to operate these new systems. One of them is that which, the investigation system before prosecutors' judgement, objectivity should be maintained so that the investigation may be done objectively. The reformed Juvenile Act in 2007 has induced the Prosecuter re-determination Investigation System as complementary measures to the Prosecuter priority. Prosecuter can demand an Investigation on a suspected juvenile to the special investgaton organization before dtermination in juvenile justice by this system. This study suggess measures to improve the effectiveness of the newly established system, to promote the Prosecuter re-determination Investigation and increase utilization of investigation results in juvenile justice procedure, to develope the standard risk assesment tool because there are too kinds of investication organization, and arrangement of common articles about the proscuter pre determination investication and the investication in juvenile protection procedure in Juvenile Act. The purpose of the investigation system before prosecutors' judgement is to prevent juveniles in the early stage of delinquency from committing recidivism through offering the open treatment based on character-building education. At the sametime, to solve these problems, specialized organizations for juvenile delinquent such as Department of Justice should arrange certain private facilities so that the facilities should be intensively managed and supervised(because, no rule and standard is made to deal with young people. 소년사법체계에서는 검사선의주의를 유지하는 것이 보다 타당하다는 입장이 반영되어 개정 소년법에서도 기존의 검사선의주의를 유지하는 것으로 규정하였다. 하지만 현행 검사선의주의를 그대로 유지할 경우 수사단계에서 소년사건을 적정하게 처리하기 위한 소년의 품행 및 환경조사가 미흡할 수 있다는 지적이 있었다. 이에 따라 신 소년법은 검사가 소년사건을 처리할 때에 분류심사관, 보호관찰관 등 전문가가 조사한 소년의 품행·환경 등 분석자료를 토대로 사건을 처리하도록 하는 「검사의 결정전 조사제도」를 도입하였다. 그러나 다음과 같은 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 1, 검사의 재량에 대한 합리성보장검사의 재량에 위탁하는「임의적 규정」 대신에「필요적· 강제적 조항」으로 전환하여야 한다는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 그러나「검사의 결정전 조사」는 현재와 같이 임의규정을 유지하면서, 이의 보완책으로서 인력의 증원 및 조사담당기관의 전문성을 제고하는 것이 현실적이다. 2. 요보호성조사와 소년의 인권비행사실이 확정되기 전에 소년의 사생활에 관련되는 보호필요성을 조사하는 것은 인권침해가 될 수 있으므로, 비행사실 인정단계와 요보호성 조사단계로 구분하여 비행사실이 인정된 후에 요보호성조사가 진행되어야 한다. 3. 조사대상의 문제와 조사담당기관의 일원화모든 소년범에 대한 조사를 하는 것이 바람직하나 어느 정도 범위를 한정하는 것이 합리적이며 또 현실적이다. 그리고 「검사의 결정전 조사」의 담당기관은 이원화되어 있는 데, 표준화된 위험평가도구를 개발함과 동시에 조사와 관련된 모든 기관이 참여하는 협의체를 구성하여야 한다. 4. 재범위험성기준검사가 처분을 결정할 경우 검사 상호간의 상이한 기준이 적용되고 있으며 조사관의 조사의견에도 상이한 사항을 고려하고 있는 형편이다. 따라서 재범위험성기준에 대한 신뢰도와 예측의 정확성을 높이기 위해서는 소년범의 범죄유형별로 재범위험성 평가도구를 세분하여 제작할 필요가 있다. 5. 총칙조항의 신설보호사건과 형사사건에서의 조사에 공통적으로 적용될 수 있는 조사의 방침이나 인권존중․비밀엄수 등에 관한 규정은 총칙에서 일괄적으로 규정하여야 한다. 6. 검사선의주의와 「검사의 결정전 조사제도」검사의 결정전 조사제도」의 도입으로 검사선의주의는 더욱 강력하여 졌다. 소년법의 이념을 구현하기 위하여서는 선의권행사의 합리성보장을 위한 장치가 필요한 바, 검사선의주의를 채택한 현행법하에서는 소년전담검사제를 도입하는 등 제도의 도입이 필요하다. 7. 전문화된 조사관의 확보현재 「보호관찰 등에 관한 법률」에 보호관찰관의 자격요건에 관한 규정을 두고 있으나, 실제 채용에는 특별한 제한을 두고 있지 않고 있다. 전문화된 조사관의 확보를 위하여 금후 심도있는 연구가 요망된다.
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