서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

CAN 프로토콜 성능 해석에 관한 연구

홍승호,김욱헌 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1998 工學技術論文集 Vol.7 No.1

CAN에 접속된 각종 필드 장비들로부터 생성되는 데이터는 크게 산발적 실시간, 주기적 실시간 및 비실시간 데이터의 세 가지 종류로 구분된다. 특성이 다른 이러한 데이터들의 트래픽이 하나의 네트워크 미디엄을 공유하는 경우에 네트워크 트래픽이 적절히 관리되지 못하면 CAN 버스에 접속되는 응용시스템의 성능에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 CAN을 자동화 시스템에 도입하는 경우에 실시간 데이터가 전송 허용 한계치를 넘지 않는 동시에 CAN 대역폭을 충분히 활용하도록 하는 대역폭 할당 기법을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 또한 CAN의 이산 사건 시스템 모델과 제어 시스템의 연속 시간 모델을 통합한 통합 시뮬레이션 모델을 개발한다. 시뮬레이션 모델을 통하여 본 논문에서 제시하는 대역폭 할당 알고리듬의 타당성을 검증하고 실시간 데이터의 지연 시간이 실시간으로 동작되는 제어 시스템의 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. Messages generated from field devices connected by CAN bus are classified into three categories : (1) real-time aperiodic messages, (2) real-time periodic messages, (3) non-real-time messages. Because these share one CAN bus medium, if the traffic of these messages are not efficiently managed, the performance of the application systems interconnected into the CAN bus can be degraded. This paper proposes a bandwidth allocation scheme that satisfies the performance requirement of application systems as well as fully utilizes the bandwidth of CAN bus. Using the simulation model of CAN bus, this study validates the bandwidth allocation scheme and analyzes the effect of network-induced delay on the performance of control system.

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

Mo¨ssbauer 분광법을 이용한 10MnO_2-10Fe_2O_3-30Na_2O-50SiO_2 유리내의 Fe^3+ 이온에 관한 연구

洪致裕,朴冠鎬,白承道,洪性樂 동국대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

We have studied the Mo¨ssbauer parameters for Fe^(3+) ion in the quenched glass and heat treated glass and heat treated glasses. The Mo¨ssbauer spectra of the quenched glass were investigated at various temperatures from 60K to 300K. Using the center shift and kinetic temperature, the Debye and einstein temperatures were calculated. The quenched glass was heat-treated at various temperatures from 530℃ to 710℃ for five hours. Both the isomer shit and quadrupole splitting parameters decreased near 590℃. And regardless of heat treatment, the Fe^(3+) ion was predominantly octahedrally coordinated.

Web Server의 원활한 운용을 위한 Data Structure 구성에 관한 연구

홍창호,이승철 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2000 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

근래 Web Server의 안정된 운용의 중요성이 급증하는 Network Traffic과 더불어 점차 증대되고 있다. 기본적인 Network 구성망은 Ethernet으로 표준적인 프로토콜은 TCP/IP로 기반을 잡고 있다. 날로 증가하는 Network Traffic을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해서는 Network의 Bandwidth 및 서버가 처리할 수 있는 데이터 양을 분석하여 병목현상을 줄이고 데이터의 흐름을 원활히 하기 위한 데이터 buffer들의 설치와 적절한 운영 방법에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Web Server로부터 image 데이터를 전송 받아 이를 원활히 display하기 위한 Application Layer에서의 buffer 크기 및 제어방법에 관한 연구를 수행하고 특히 연속적인 이미지의 전송과 재생에 관한 buffer management에 관하여 고찰한다. Providing a satisfactory multimedia application service in networking environments requires an effective media delivery mechanism. However, a common network such as the Internet does not provide a guaranteed network bandwidth to accommodate multimedia service in a reliable fashion. A typical approach to assist multimedia delivery is via buffer management in the end system. Buffer management techniques are classified into two categories: one is adapting the changes in network load and the other is smoothing the bandwidth requirement. The former may cause a serious loss of service quality and the latter is not able to adapt to the dynamic network condition. The authors propose bandwidth adaptive smoothing which is adaptive to the dynamic networks and also supports better quality of service by smoothing the bandwidth requirement.

열처리 및 트립신 첨가로 야기된 유청 단백질의 전기영동적 변화

홍윤호,홍승희 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 2002 生活科學硏究 Vol.12 No.-

In order to study the reaction behavior of the mixtures of bovine (β-Lg) with holo-α-lactalbumin (α-La) and apo-α-locatalbumin during heat treatment, samples were heated at 85℃ for 10 min, added trypsin and trypsin inhibitor, and then they were analyzed using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the other trial, the β-Lg was pre-heated at 85℃ for 10 min, mixed with α-La, heated at 85℃ for 10 min, and treated the same as above described. The electrophoretic pattern showed that the intensity of loss of β-Lg was higher than the a α-La with increasing reaction time. Loss rate of apo-α-La-β-Lg mixture was higher than that of holo-α-La-β-Lg mixture. When the mixture was heated and added trypsin, appeared some bands of about 26.3 kDa, and 14.0 kDa which is smaller than the α-La(14.2 kDa). When the β-Lg was pre-heated 85℃ for 10min, mixed with α-La, and treated the same as other samples, appeared some bands of about 26.3 kDa, 21.5 kDa, and 14.0 kDa which is smaller than that of the α-La. The loss rate of the apo-α-La-β-Lg mixture was higher than that of holo-α-La-β-La mixture. It is assumed that the β-La was already denatured by pre-heating and influenced little on the apo-α-La, and there for the apo-α-La-β-La mixture was more easily attacked by the enzyme.

우리나라의 시뇨리지 변동추이와 정책과제

홍승제,함정호 한국은행 2004 經濟分析 Vol.10 No.4

Most central banks nowadays recognize their seigniorage gradually reducing because the demand for high-powered money vanishes largely due to easy access to the electronic payment system and elimination of the required reserve system. We estimate seiniorage of Korean economy in this paper, which shows that money seiniorage recently has seen gradual fall while import interest and asset transaction profit became the major component in total seiniorage since Asian Crisis. Moreover, since The Bank of Korea holds large amount of foreign assets and Monetary Stabilization Bonds in its balance sheet, it could suffer great loss in total seiniorage in case of interest hikes and exchange rate appreciation, and, thereby, lose financial independence along with operational capability. Considering all these difficulty, The Bank of Korea should, in order to guarantee enough seiniorage for their financial and operational independence, adopt necessary measures such as imposing reserve requirement on the electronic payment system, introducing the channel system, and issuing higher valued bills. 우리나라의 경우 전통적 방식에 의한 시뇨리지 수입 추계결과 1990년대 중반까지 대체로 증가하였던 화폐시뇨리지가 최근에 들어서는 여타 주요선진국들처럼 그 규모가 줄어드는 모습을 보이고 있다. 더구나 화폐시뇨리지에 수입이자와 유가증권 매매익 등을 포함한 총시뇨리지도 외환위기 이후 정체하는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 우리나라 중앙은행은 주요 선진국에 비해 총자산중 외화표시자산과 통화안정증권 등 이자부부채의 비중이 매우 큰 특징을 지니고 있다. 따라서 국내외 금리가 상승하고 원달러환율마저 하락세로 돌아설 경우 통안증권이자부담 증대, 보유유가증권과 외화자산 등의 매매손과 평가손 확대 등으로 총시뇨리지 수입이 급감할수 있다. 이렇게 되면 중앙은행이 통화정책 운영을 위한 재원확보에 제약을 받아 금리 조절과 통화정책의 재무적 독립성(financial indepeudence) 확보 등에 애로를 겪을 가능성을 배제하기 어렵다. 이러한 점을 감안 중앙은행은 통화정책의 독립적 수행에 필요한 시뇨리지를 사전에 안정적으로 확보하기 위해 전자지급수단에 대한 지준부과 및 자산준비금제도 도입, 법정지준제도의 단계적 폐지 및 지준부리제도 도입, 원화국제화, 고액권발행 및 정부와의 시뇨리지 수입 배분방식 개선 등의 방안을 적극 추진할 필요가 있다.

정신분열증 환자의 음성증상과 혈청 Prolactin 값

홍승철,이철,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.5

With the development of radioimmunoassay method, one of the improved investigative laboratory tools available today, many investigators have begun to examine relationship of prolactin(PRL) to clinical features in schizophrenia. However, the reports of relating PRL to negative symptoms in schizophrenia have been scarce. This study was designed to find whether serum PRL levels measured before antipsychotics administration are related to negative symptoms. The subjects were consisted of 36 male schizophrenia by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-Ⅲ, who were admitted to the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dae-Gu Catholic Hospital from Sep. 1, 1986 to Mar. 31. 1987 and 17 normal men (control group). The results were as follow ; 1) Before antipsychotics administration, the serum PRL levels of a high negative symptom group(9.18±6.46ng/ml) were significantly lower than a low negative symptom group(21.81±16.22ng/ml) and control group (16.01±5.49ng/ml) (p<0.005). 2) The reciprocal correlation between serum PRL levels and negative symptoms was statistically significant(r=-0.50, p<0.001). In the light of these results, it seems that the measurement of serum PRL as a biological marker could be used in evaluating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

초등과학 생명영역의 생식 및 유전 분야에 대한 오개념 분석

홍승호 한국초등과학교육학회 2003 초등과학교육 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study is to survey elementary students' misconception on reproduction and genetics unit in biological science. It is also to provide basic data for the effective teaching strategies which help students have the appropriate scientific conceptions. In order to investigate students' misconceptions, 19 questions were developed based on the analysis of science curriculum for elementary students. The questionnaire was used for 515 elementary students of 6th pade in Jeju-city and Bukieiu-gun, Jeju-Do. 1'test was perfDrmed to do frequency comparison by gender and counties. Analysis of variance was also used to investigate significant differences among the reasons of conception selection. Among 19 questions, 5 questions in plants and 4 questions in animals were appeared extent of misconception over 50%. The forming causes of misconception were mainly influenced by textbook and teacher. The reasons of conception selection showed statistically significant differences between right conception and misconception in 5 questions. According to the gender, the selection reasons of 3 questions were significantly different between male and female students. d students living Jeiu-ci and Beiu-gun show핀 significant differences in the selection reasons of 2 questions. Therefore, it was concluded that this study may help teachers reconsider elementary students' conceptions for reproduction and genetics and to be successful in the leaching-learning processes.