Effects of Microwave-Heated Water Using Functional Ceramic Vessel on Soybean Germination Rate

Ailyn Fadriquela,Ma. Easter Joy Sajo,Johny Bajgai,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2015 한국물학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Effects of electrolyzed strong acidic water on wound healing via immune-redox mechanism

Ailyn Fadriquela,Ma Easter Joy Sajo,Johny Bajgai,Jesmin Ara,Soo Ki Kim,Kyu Jae Lee 한국물학회 2017 한국물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Acidic water is known to inactivate microbes, fungus, viruses, toxins, is used for disinfecting food equipments, vegetables, fruits, poultry and meat. Some studies were also done to show its effect in wound healing. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to unravel the mechanism behind the wound healing effect of strong electrolyzed acidic water (SEAW). The study was conducted to identify the effect of SEAW on cutaneous wounds using a punch removing 5mm skin plug resulting in elliptical wound (Disposable Biopsy Punch, Integra-Miltex, PA, USA). SEAW was generated from a device (HDR Co. Bucheon, Korea), with characteristics of having pH from 5.0 to 6.5, ORP around 800 mV and chlorine concentration of 10 to 30 mg/L. SEAW was sprayed daily for 7 days to the cutaneous wounds of hairless mice and was compared to other treatments such as saline, alcohol and betadine treated groups. Wound areas were measured and digital photographs were conducted daily. Serum and skin lysate were collected on the seventh day, thereafter, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) assays, oxidative stress assays, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expressions were analyzed. The results showed that among all groups, SEAW had the highest wound size reduction especially on day 4. ROS in serum was significantly lower than other groups and ROS in skin lysate was lower and comparable to the positive control groups. SEAW has the highest NO activity among all groups which may mean that SEAW can have the most significant action on remodelling stage through the production of NO, and through phagocytosis. Consistently, antioxidant assays of skin lysate shows that GPx, Catalase and MPO activities group treated with SEAW compensate the total ROS in skin. Immunoblotting of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP9), the enzymes responsible for extracellular matrix degradation, were also upregulated in SEAW treated group. Collectively, it is shown that comparable to potent medicine in wound healing such as betadine and alcohol, strong acidic water is similarly effective in wound healing and is shown to act through the immune defense and upregulation of enzymes such as MMPs. However, more studies are still need to be done to confirm these mechanisms.

Effects of Microwave-Heated Water Using Functional Ceramic Vessel on Soybean Germination Rate

Ailyn Fadriquela,Dong Heui Kim,Kyu Jae Lee 한국물학회 2015 한국물학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Water property can be changed by various factors such as thermal energy, electromagnetic waves, and dissolved gases, which influences on human health. The specific effects of water mediated by other factors such as advanced ceramics and microwave are still vaguely known. This study examined the effect of water heated in the microwave oven on the soybean germination rate compared to the water heated on the gas range using the functional ceramic vessel (FCV) coated with ferromagnetic material at the external bottom surface. First, to investigate the differences of FCV and general ceramic vessel (control) after heating in the microwave oven, surface temperature of an empty FCV and water temperature and pH were time-dependently measured. In result, the bottom temperature of FCV was significantly higher (176.7°C after heating for 4 minutes) as compared with the control (75.7°C). The temperature and pH also showed a trend of slight increase in FCV as compared to the control. Second, using the FCV in boiling the water, a higher germination rate was shown using water boiled in microwave (96.0%) as compared to using water boiled in gas range (85.7%). Taken together, these results suggest that the FCV together with the electromagnetic wave may change the water property which may have an effect on human health.

Anti-obesity Effect of Whole Body Vibration Exercise : A Clinical Pilot Trial

Ailyn Fadriquela,Johny Bajgai,Rahima Begum,Jing Xingyu,Cheol Su Kim,Soo-Ki Kim,Dong Heui Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2019 한국물학회지 Vol.7 No.1

It is well known that exercise is effective in overcoming obesity. Recent studies have focused on various types of exercise in which vibration exercise was involved. In this study, we investigated the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise using the bed-type vibrator through pre-post data analysis. Twenty participants were carefully recruited and were treated on a vibrating bed with an automatic program developed by integration of 1-8 steps for 1 hr maintaining the 40°C of bed temperature. Blood pressure, body mass indices (BMI), hematological indices, oxidative stress-related markers, cytokines, and obesity-related biomarkers such as adiponectin, resistin and irisin were measured. Results showed that diastolic blood pressure was significantly lowered after 1 hr of WBV treatment (p < 0.05). In lipid tests, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased (p < 0.01, respectively). Oxidative stress-related markers such as reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05), nitric oxide (p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) were significantly increased. Interleukin (IL)-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased and IL-6 and interferon (INF)-γ also showed decreasing trend. Adiponectin involved in insulin sensitivity was increased and resistin involved in insulin resistance decreased, but there were no significance. In addition, irisin levels were significantly decreased after the WBV exercise. In conclusion, the bed-type of WBV exercise reduced the blood pressure and cholesterol, and showed favorable response to obesity biomarkers. Also, oxidative stress level was increased but relatively stable and not severe, and inflammation and allergic reaction were not observed. Thus, the application of bed-type WBV exercise can be a safe and effective alternative for the improvement of obesity.

Assessment of toilet sanitation, drinking water and health condition of school children in Cambodia

Ailyn Fadriquela,Ma. Easter Joy Sajo,Johny Bajgai,Jong Hun Lee,Jongchan Yi,Soung Hyun Nam,Soo Hong Noh,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2015 한국물학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Characteristics and Anti-bacterial Effects of Mineral Supplement-Hypochlorous Acid Water on Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Md. Habibur Rahman,Johny Bajgai,Ailyn Fadriquela,Ailyn Fadriquela,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2019 한국물학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful oxidant and a bactericidal agent generally produced by electrolysis, which is much more effective and safer than NaOCl. Recently mineral supplement-treated HOCL (MS-HOCl) water has received attention as a new-concept detergent due to high sterilization power, easy accessibility and safety. In this study we time-dependently investigated the physiochemical properties of MS-HOCl water depending on the kind of diluting agents (tap water, low concentration mineral water and high concentration mineral water), and confirmed anti-bacterial effect of MS-HOCl water according to the ACC level compared to electrolyzed acidic water. Weak acid electrolyzed water (EW-HOCl) was used as a positive control. We evaluated the pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), available chlorine concentration (ACC) and total dissolved solid particles (TDS) level to detect physiochemical properties of various kind of MS-HOCl waters. To investigate the bactericidal effects of these experimental waters, 5 different strains of aerobic and anaerobic human pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Helicobacter pylori) were used. Three MS-HOCl waters according to ACC levels were prepared through 2-fold serial dilution, and compared with tap water, 70% ethyl alcohol and EW-HOCl. In results, MS-HOCl water had similar physiochemical properties compared to EW-HOCl water. Moreover, MS-HOCl treatment showed excellent bactericidal effect against all five human pathogenic bacterial strains compared to TW and 70% alcohol, and showed similar anti-baterial effect with EW-HOCl. Collectively, our study indicates that MS-HOCl water could be used as a efficient disinfectant alternative due to cost-effectiveness and easy accessibility in hospital settings, food process and poultry industries. However, further studies are required for its safety use.

Balneotherapeutic effects of high mineral spring water on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance

Johny Bajgai,Ailyn Fadriquela,Jesmin Ara,Rahima Begum,Md Faruk Ahmed,Cheol-Su Kim,Soo-Ki Kim,Kwang-Yong Shim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2017 한국물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing allergic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects millions of children and adults worldwide. Drugs used to treat these inflammatory diseases include anti-histamines, corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors but these drugs have their limitations such as adverse effects with their long-term usage. Thus, researcher’s interest in several alternative and complementary therapies are continually growing and balneotherapy is one of these approaches. Therefore, we investigate the bathing effect of high concentration mineral spring water (HMW) on redox balance and immune modulation in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis like inflammation in hairless mice. We induced AD-like inflammation by application of DNCB on the dorsal skin of female skh-1 hairless mice. The mice were treated with 100% pure HMW (PHMW) and 10% diluted HMW (DHMW) through bathing once a day for 4 weeks. Tacrolimus ointment (0.1%) was used as positive control (PC) and only DNCB treatment as negative control (NeC) group. The severity of skin lesion inflammation was assessed through clinical scoring and observing scratching behavior. Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA and multiplex bead array system, and the levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme were also measured. We found that HMW significantly decreased the scratching behavior in PHMW and DHMW groups at the 2nd week and in PHMW group at 4th week compared to NeC group. Likewise, serum IgE level was significantly decreased in DHMW group as compared to NeC group. In line, the level of inflammatory cytokines in serum such as interleukin (IL)-1 , IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- β α were significantly inhibited in PHMW and DHMW groups compared to NeC group. In parallel, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) of serum level was significantly decreased in PHMW treatment groups compared to NeC group. Consistently, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in PHMW group was lower than in NeC group. By contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly enhanced in PHMW than NeC. Collectively, our study indicates a balneotherapeutic effect of HMW on DNCB-induced AD like inflammation in hairless mice via immunomodulation and redox balance.

Simple Method of Increasing the Alkalinity and Reduction Power of Water by Boiling

Ma. Easter Joy Sajo,Ailyn Fadriquela,Johny Bajgai,Tae-Young Kang,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2016 한국물학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Alkaline-reduced water (ARW) was first developed in Japan, and its effectiveness has been explored in different health related fields. Generally, ARW is generated by electrolysis, whereby water (H2O) decomposes into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current. ARW also can be generated with additives, such as calcium or magnesium. ARW is characterized as having high pH, supersaturated hydrogen, and negative oxidation -reduction potential (ORP). Hydrogen-rich water has been introduced as a feasible therapeutic strategy for health promotion and disease prevention. Studies have shown that ARW has antioxidant properties and thus helping counteract free radicals in the body. These free radicals can cause premature aging and other conditions. The chemical properties of ARW, specifically its pH, are believed to contribute to its beneficial effects. Here, we hypothesized that the simple method of boiling water could increase the alkalinity and reduction power of water. The impact of simply boiling water, which is not only to increase its alkalinity and reducing the ORP, but also allows it to reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the body, raises the long-term possibility that drinking boiled water might prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.

Skin Safety Evaluation of Long-Term treatment of an Electrolyzed Neutral Oxidizing Water on C57BL/6 mice

Md. Habibur Rahman,Ailyn Fadriquela,Johny Bajgai,Seong-Hoon Goh,Cheol-Su Kim,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2020 한국물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Skin is a complex barrier organ that can fight against various endogenous and exogenous factors. The damaged skin barrier can lead to different skin problems that can exhibit the skin condition such as a decrease of elasticity and sebum level, an increase of water loss, strengthening of keratinocyte cohesion and wrinkle formation, which will eventually lead to different skin diseases. With the current use of chlorine-rich water as disinfectant and its potential in medical field, it is important to check its safety use. The objective of the study was to evaluate skin safety of electrolyzed neutral oxidizing water (ENOW) (pH: 7.11, oxidation reduction potential: 450 mV, available chlorine concentration: 5.0 ppm) after the long-term use (90-day skin application) on the skin of C57BL/6 mice compared to normal control group (NC) treated with tap water (TW) (pH: 7.8, oxidation reduction potential: 500mV, available chlorine concentration: 0.7 ppm). We were measured skin state such as the moisture, elasticity, sebum, pore size, and wrinkle. Oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxides (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were measuredin using serum and skin lysate samples. Inflammation cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-13, GM-CSF and TNF-α, and the Th1/Th2 cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 were also analyzed. In consequently, The skin state of ENOW group showed higher level of elasticity and moisture compared to NC group. ROS and NO levels in skin did not show adverse effect in ENOW group. GPx were also controlled in all groups, however, a significant decrease in CAT level was observed in both NC and ENOW groups. Moreover, serum inflammatory cytokine of ENOW group did not show significant difference as compared to NC and TW groups, however, GM-CSF showed a significantly lower level in the ENOW group than NC group. Cytokines related to allergic response showed no difference in the skin. Taken together, long term treatment of ENOW might be safe on skin in vivo . However, more clinical studies are needed to verify the skin safety of ENOW.

The Effect of a Granule-type Anti-hangover Compound, Quechung, on Acute Alcohol-induced Hangover in Healthy Subjects : a Randomized Crossover Study

Subham Sharma,Johny Bajgai,Ailyn Fadriquela,Md. Habibur Rahman,Trinh Thi Thuy,Seong-Hoon Goh,Cheol-Su Kim,Kijong Yu,Kyu-Jae Lee 한국물학회 2020 한국물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

About two billion people in the world drink alcoholic products and among them, more than 76 million are suffering from serious alcoholic disorder including hangover. Hanover can be caused by the by-products which are produced in the process of alcohol metabolism such as acetaldehyde and acetate in human body. There are various type of anti-hangover-related commercial products which can help to somewhat reduce hangover symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of Quechung which is a granule-type of anti-hangover compounds containing functional substances such as HK mycelial culture of Lentinus edodes, Hovenia dulcis fruit extract, Lactobicillus fermentum MG590 and so on. The subjects were 20 healthy men and women, and washout period for the crossover design was 7 days. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (alcohol + purified water) and the experimental group (alcohol + Quechung). The experimental group was first supplied with the anti-hangover compound before and after 30 min of 20% alcohol intake (7.8 g/kg body weight). Blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and alcohol concentration in breath and blood were measured one time before alcohol intake and also 3 times after Quechung intake at an interval of 1 h. Biochemical parameters such as albumin, electrolytes, lipid profile, liver function markers, alcohol level in breath and blood, acetaldehyde concentration were analyzed. Consequently, breath alcolol concentration was lower in the experimental group than control group after 1 h, especially showed statistical difference in female. Blood alcohol concentration before and after treatment also showed significant decrease in experimental group, whereas blood acetaldehyde showed significant increase in control group. Especially female participants showed higher effect than male. In the reslut of AST, experimental group showed little difference before and after treatment but control group showed significant increase, in addition female much higher effect than male. Taken together, this anti-hangover compound, Quechung, clinically showed the hangover-relieving effect on the acute alcohol-induced hangover symptom based on the positive results of alcohol concentration, acetaldehyde concentration, and level of liver function markers etc. in addition, Quechung also can influence on the protection of liver and blood vessel. This clinical study has a significance in that it provides scientific evidence to systemically establish database for the effectiveness and efficiency of the commercial anti-hangover products, and to help consummer’s easy choice and their better health.