정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

통합심리치료의 인지분화훈련이 정신분열병 환자의 기초 인지기능에 미치는 영향

이희상,현명호,조현상,이연희,김태용,장순아,노규식,정기립,이만홍,유계준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열별 환자들을 대상으로 통합심리치료의 소프로그램인 인지분화훈련을 실시하여 실행기능, 개념형성능력, 언어능력 및 추론력에 대한 훈련이 보다 더 하위단계의 인지기능인 주의력, 기억력, 반응시간 등을 호전시킬 수 있는 지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : DSM-IV상 정신분열병으로 진단된 24명의 입원환자를 무작위로 양분하여 한 군은 인지분화훈련군으로 다른 한 군은 대조군으로 나누었다. 훈련군은 4주동안 1주일에 3회(매회 60분간)로 총 12회의 통합심리치료의 인지분화훈련을 받았으며 대조군은 동일한 시간동안 정신건강교육을 받았다. 훈련전후에 훈련군과 대조군을 대상으로 개정판 Wechsler 기억검사로 주의집중력, 장·단기 기억력을 측정하였고 Vienna test system중 결정반응시간검사로 반응시간, 반응결정시간, 반응운동시간을 평가하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 주의집중력에서는 훈련군과 대조군사이에 집단간 효과, 집단내 효과 및 상호작용 효과가 없었다. 2) 단기기억력에서는 훈련군과 대조군사이에 집단내 효과는 있었으나(F(1,24)=10.46. p〈.05). 집단간 효과, 상호작용 효과는 없었다. 3) 장기기억력에서는 훈련군과 대조군사이에 집단내 효과는 있었으나(F(1,24)=15.09. p〈.05). 집단간 효과, 상호작용 효과는 없었다. 4) 반응시간에서는 상호작용 효과(F(1,24)=5.18, p〈.05)가 있었다. 5) 반응운동시간에서는 집단간 효과, 집단내 효과 및 상호작용 효과가 없었다. 6) 반응결정시간에서는 상호작용 효과(F(1.24)=6.00, p〈.05)가 있었다. 결 론 : 통합심리치료의 인지분화훈련은 정신분열병 환자에서 하위단계의 인지기능 중 반응시간(특히 반응결정시간)을 단축시키는 효과가 있었다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive differentiation training of Integrated Psychological Therapy(a training program of executive function, concept formation, language, and abstraction) on micro-level cognitive function such as attention, memory and reaction time in patients time in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Twenty-four inpatients diagnosed as schizophrenia using DSM-IV were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The training group went through a total of 12 sessions of cognitive differentiation training for 4 weeks. The control group received psychoeducation program during the same period. Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Decision-Reaction Timer of Vienna Test System were administered to all patients, both before and after the training program. Results : 1) In the attention and concentration scores of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, between group, within group and interaction effects of training were not significant. 2) In the short-term memory scores of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, within group effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=10.46, p〈0.05), but the between group and interaction effects did not reach significance. 3) In the long-term memory scores of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, within group effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=15.09, p〈0.05), but the between group and interaction effects did not reach significance. 4) In the reaction time scores of Decision-Reaction Timer, interaction effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=5.18, p〈0.05). 5) In the motor time scores of Decision-Reaction Timer, between group, within group and interaction effects of training were not significant. 6) In the decision time scores of Decision-Reaction Timer, interaction effect of training was significant(F(1,24)=6.00, p〈0.05). Conclusion : Our findings suggest that cognitive differentiation training of Integrated Psycho-logical Therapy is partly effective on improving micro-level cognitive functions such as reaction time(especially, decision time) in patents with schizophrenia.

Impedance를 이용한 전도성고분자 센서의 가스감응특성

이경문,유준부,이병수,전희권,이상태,이덕동,허증수 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Purge & Trap-GC를 이용한 의약품 필름코팅 정제 중 잔류용제에 관한 연구

장준식,이명자,소유섭,문춘선,이주헌,박희라,김진숙,강경모,이선옥,방성연,유미자,유문균,금오성,이병욱 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

의약품은 약물을 생체에 적풋하기 위하여 유효성분의 효과가 언제나 일정하게 확보되고 사응에 편리하도록 만들어지는 것이므로 유효썽분 이외에 약효에 영향을 주지 않는 성분이 첨가되는 경운가 많다. 이 때 사용되는 용매들은 제피의 광택 및 건쪼시간의 단축 등을 위하여 휘발점이 낮을 용매들이 주로 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 의약품 필름코팅정제 중 잔류용매 4종(chlorofonr benzen, trichloro ethylen, 1,4-dioxane)에 대한 변형된 pirge & trap-GC 장치를 이용한 동시분석방법을 개발하였으며, 각 표준품의 RSD 값은 chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69% and 1,4-dioxane 3.41%였다. 또한 시중 유통중인 의약품 50종에 대하여 잔류웅매 양을 측정하였으며, 검출되는 잔류용매는 한 건도 없었다. This study nras carried out to develope the analytical method for the mixture of chlorefonn, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane simultaneously and determine the remainingorgauic solvents in coating tablets by Purge & Trap-GC. The results were as follouFs ; 1. Chloroform, benzen, trio:tloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane separated by tenax #5 trap by HP-624GC column by terrlperature programming. The peaks were separated completely at retentiontime of 6.88min for chloroform, 8.21min for benzen, 10.38miu for trichloroethylen and 11.95minfor 1,4-dioxane. 2. Standard RSD were individually chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69%and 1,4-diorane 3.41%. 3. 60 samples were not detrcted chloroform, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane.

전국 10개 종합병원 중환자실 환자의 직장내 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE) 보균율, 보균의 위험요인 및 유전적 다양성 조사

정희진,송준영,엄중식,김우주,최선주,최정현,이혁,정문현,이광미,신동현,손보라,최종성,우흥정,권정아,이경원,최강원,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

대학생의 레저스포츠용품 구매행동 분석

이준희,조현민 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The purpose of this study was to understand university students' purchase behavior toward leisure-sports goods. The following conclusion was from this survey by conducted questionnaire and was analyzed,344 subjects are university students (155 male, 189 female) who are in 2 universities in Busan. 1) In the university students' purchase attitude toward the leisure-sports goods, most students showed the response that the attitude toward the domestic or foreign leisure-sports goods was that anything would do, but preferred foreign goods to domestic goods, it was because of the quality, color and design. The preference to the domestic goods was due to the low price. And the domestic goods needed improvement in quality, color and design. 2) In the university students' purchase behavior toward the leisure-sports goods, purchasing the shoes was highest, The purchasing factor resulted from the brand image. After purchasing the goods, satisfaction factor showed that as a whole the students were satisfied with quality, brand value, color, design, practicality and convenience but dissatisfied with the price.

고등부 유도 지도자의 지도행동 유형분석

이준희,윤익선 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1997 武道硏究所誌 Vol.8 No.2

In this assentation I tried to investigate and analyze the actual behaviors of the coaches of the high level male and female team and the behaviors that the players of the team prefer. I came to conclude like the followings through the analysis of 432 Leadership scale for sports from 30 coaches and 432 players in the 30 teams which is constitute of the 20 coaches and 309 players in 20 male high level teams and the 10 coaches and 123 players in 10 female high level teams. 1) The coaches in the male teams are better in efficiency of teaching because the male team coaches are better in the background variables of age, career, and the career of winning the prize. 2) In the assentation on the actual of coach the male team coaches have the strongest disposition of behavior that influence on the advancement of the game, whereas the female team coaches the strongest disposition of democratic behavior. Considering such the differences of leadership behaviors, the coaches of male team have the disposition of emphasis of the task, whereas the coaches of female team emphasis of the relations. 3) In the research of leadership scale among the teams, the male players prefer behavior of training and indicating, positive reward, social support, democratic, and then authority behavior whereas the female players positive reward, social support, democratic, training and indicating and then authority. 4) In the research of preferable behavior, male players prefer the training and indicating, positive reward, social support, and then authority behavior, whereas the female players positive reward, social support, democratic behavior, training and indicating and then authority behavior. The male players were found to prefer such behaviors as influence the advancement of the game power directly, whereas the female players most prefer such behaviors as reward the results of the game. 5) In the comparison of the leadership behaviors that male and female players prefer, the male players have stronger disposition to want training and indications, authorities than female players,, whereas the female players prefer the democratic behaviors, social supports, positive rewards. 6) In the differences of the actual behaviors the players want from the coach, the male players differs in the democratic behaviors most, whereas the female players in the authority behaviors. 7) In the research on the differences of the behaviors the coach actually do and the players expect, ·in the training and indications, the male team players were a little more satisfied than the female team players. ·in the democratic behaviors, the male team players were more unsatisfied. ·in the authority behaviors, the female team players want more authorities from the coaches. ·in the social supports, the female team players were more unsatisfied. ·in the positive rewards, the female team players were more unsatisfied.

스쿠버다이빙장비 구매결정요인에 관한 연구

이준희,최정도 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate opportunities in the scuba diving market and examine the factors influencing the customer's purchase decision in scuba diving equipment in order to provide guidelines for planning effective marketing strategies to enhance customer satisfaction and maintain customer loyalty, The subjects were scuba diving customers at scuba diving resorts or scuba diving pro shops in the Republic of Korea Eight hundred forty-three customers voluntarily participated in this study by completing a survey. The statistical analyses were performed by using the SPSS 10.0 software, The statistical techniques used for analysis were factor analysis, reliability analysis, frequency, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's post hoc test, Statistical significance was accepted at an alpha Level of p<.05. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, female customers in the study indicated that its quality was the most important element of their purchase decision when considering equipment, followed by design, price, brand name, rarity, and fashion. The females ranked these factors significantly higher than their male counterparts. Second, people in their 20s thought that quality was the most important factor that influenced their purchase decision, followed by price, design, rarity, brand name, and fashion, They rated these factors significantly higher than the rest of the subjects, Third, people with high incomes (monthly income l,500,000won) felt that price and rarity were the most important factors for their purchase decision, while people with high incomes (monthly income 3,500,000won) indicated that quality was the most important factor. Forth, people with high education (bachelor degree) thought that function was the most important factor for their purchase decision, followed by quality, convenience, price, and design, Fifth, people who participated in scuba diving between one and three times a week believed that design was the most important factor for their purchase decision making, followed by rarity, brand name, advertisement, fashion, and the location of the store, Sixth, people with less than three years of scuba diving experience indicated that price was the most important factor for their purchase decision, followed by the design, brand name, rarity, fashion, and advertisement, Seventh, scuba diving beginners tended to believe that design was the most important factor for their purchase decision followed by brand name, and fashion.

임파세포분화항원 CD5의 C-말단부위의 유전자 클로닝 및 세포내 CD5-특이적 결합단백질의 규명

이희종,김효준 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2002 이학기술연구지 Vol.4 No.-

A Iymphocyte surface marker, CD5 is expressed in pan-T cells and certain B cell sub- populations such as Bla cells which secretes natural autoantibodies and malignant B cells as in chronic Iymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). For the reasons that the cell-type specific expression patterns and that the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) containing cytosolic region of the molecule, CD5 was considered to be involved in a probable cellular signal transductions for the Iymphocyte activations. In order to shed light on the cellular signal transdcutions for the Iymphocyte activation. In order to shed light on the cellular function of the CD5, the gene for cytosolic region of the molecule(cd5_(cyt)) was cloned and the intracellular protein that interacts with CD5 cytosolic region(CD5_(cyt)) was investigated using yeast two hybrid system. Among them a clone, 27-2, harvested 1.2 kb inserts. Partial deoxyribonucleic acids sequences of 120 bp were read out from clone 27-2, preserntly. Amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences revealed that it might be a G-protein like milecule which is unknown from human but showed 61% of homology with the ADP-rebosylation factor l-directed GTPase from C. elegans under the BLAST comparisons. Therefore, it might be suggersted that the CD5 mediated signal transduction may be a G protein-dependent pathway. 임파세포특이 항원인 CD5는 T cell의 경우 모든 sub-population에서 발현되고 있으나 B cell의 경우에는 natural autoantibody를 생산하는 Bla cell population 및 자가면역항체 생성 B cells, B cell Iymphoma 등의 특수한 minor population에서만 발현되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 세포 특이적 발현 양상과 함께 94개의 amino acids로 이루어진 CD5의 cytoplasmic region에는 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)가 존재하여 임파 세포의 세포 내 신호전달에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CD5분자를 매개한 면역담당세포의 신호전달체계를 규명하고 더 나아가 CD5의 세포 내 기능을 분자수준에서 규명하기 위하여 CD5의 cytoplasmic domain에 해당되는 유전자를 분리하였고 이와 CD5와 세포내 상호작용을 이루는 CD5특이적 결합 단백질을 yeast two hybrid system을 이용하여 검색하였다. Selected clone중에서27-2로 명명한 clone의 insert 크기는 1.2 kb였으며, 확인한 유전자서열은 129 염기로 단백질 1차 구조를 유추하여 BLAST로 검색한 결과 C. elegans의 G protein의 하나인 ADP-ribosylation factor 1-directed GTPase와 61%의 homology를 보였으나, human에서는 대응하는 단백질이 보고되지는 않았다. 세포내 CD5-특이적 결합단백질로 GTPase로 예상되는 새로운 단백질을 밝힘으로 CD5의 signal transduction이 G protein-dependent pathway일 가능성을 제시하였다.

근대 山東에서의 일본의 권익

李俊熙 慶州大學校 2005 論文集 Vol.18 No.1

日本對山東的權益主張自1914年開始。「二十一條」中關於山東的條文第一條就是要求中國政府承認日木接管德國在山東獲取的權利,並承襲德國在山東的特權地位。当時日本不僅實際上已經侵占了租借地、膠濟鐵路、各煤鐵礦,接收了德國資產等,還取得了德國在山東的所有權益,而且要以條約形式确定下來,使之合法化,以便成為其長期占領的依据。1915年中日間的「二十一條」,則規定了把德國所攫取的膠濟鐵路和其他鐵路權益移讓給日本。 德國在山東的礦權, 1915年爲日本人所接收。日本取得了工商業的优先權之後,利用該權利投資設厂或中日合辦(實質是由日人把持)事業,對山東工商業的控制也不遺餘力。日人在山東采用直接投資和合辦手段,嚴重地排斥山東地區的華人工商業,摧垮了当地手工業,控制了青島、山東的經濟命脉。占有山東市場的重要前提是控制膠海關。日本控制下的海關当然是爲其政治、經濟侵略效力的。日本利用膠海關,窃取中國政治、經濟情報,掠奪山東資源,傾銷剩餘商品,牟取高額利潤。日本当局控制了膠海關,其國內的產品就得以在低關稅的保護下,經由青島港涌入山東市場,在競爭中摧殘山東華人工業。治外法權,是對日本在中國自由王磚地伸張經濟權益的是重要保障。在治外法權之下,日人可兔納中國內地關稅,較中國資本顯著地确保有利地位。日本公然漠視中國主權,在山東重要地區設立了民政署。這科民政机構也可說是軍事占領的一科方式。日本未經中國同意,在租借地區之外行使了警察權和課稅權。 在華盛頓會議上,日本喪失了大戰期間以武力威脅爲手段在山東所獲得的許多權益。由於中日間1922年2月4日在華盛頓簽約的「解決山東懸案條約」,解決了日軍占領山東以來之各項懸案,並招至日軍的撤 退。