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性機能障碍에 對한 最近槪念 : DSM-Ⅲ-R을 中心으로 Centered on DSM-Ⅲ-R criteria
兪桂濬 大韓神經精新醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.5
The author presented introductory remarks including the brief historical review of the changes in sexual concepts from Freud's thinking to the recoent trends of human sexuality, and also described the differential comments on classification and definition of sexual dysfunctions according to DSM-Ⅱ, ICD-9, DSM-Ⅲ and DSM-Ⅲ-R, and finally centered to emphasize them adopted by DSM-Ⅲ-R. In DSM-Ⅲ, sexual dysfunctions constitute a separate category of Axis I disorders and eight distinct syndromes(table 1), and the sexual response cycle is divided into four phases : appetitive, excitement, orgasm and resolution. Before DSM-Ⅲ, sexual dysfunction was based on a biphasic model of the human sexual response and of sexual disorders, dividing them into two classes ; those characterized by disturbances of the exicitement phase, namely impotence and inhibited female excitement, and the orgasm phase dysfunctions ; premature ejaculation and retarded ejaculation in male and inhibited female orgasm. DSM-Ⅲ-R, the various observations led to the conceptualization of the triphasic concept of the human sexual responses, and to the development of specific more effective treatment approaches for the desire phase disorders. Thus, it became apparent that the sexual response cyele is comprised of three phase: desire, excitement and orgasm. DSM-Ⅲ emphasized a lack of sexual desire which previously had not been recognized as a distinct clinical entity. The notion that inhibited sexual desire constitutes a distinct clinical entity was rapidly accepted to the extent that the triphasic concept provided the theoretical basis for the new classification for sexual dysfunction adopted by DSM-Ⅲ. More recently, disorders of sexual desire have been further subdivied into two separate clinical entities in DSM-Ⅲ-R : Hypoactive sexual desire and sexual aversion disorder. The author described briefly classification and definition of six major categories of sexual disorders listed in DSM-Ⅲ-R(Table 2).
Diphenylhydantoin과 Chlorpromazine의 倂用治療가 精神分裂症患者의 思考, 情緖 및 行動에 미치는 影響 : A Double-Blind Study
兪桂濬,梁元淑,金種柱 최신의학사 1977 最新醫學 Vol.20 No.7
The present study investigated the effects of a combined treatment of diphenylhydantoin and chlorpromazine on thought, affect and behavior of schizophrenic patients, comparing with chlorpromazine and placebo as a double-blind study. The number of patients selected for this study were 22 hospitalized patients. They were 5 acute schizophrenic episodes, 1 schizoaffective, 10 paranoid type and 6 chronic undifferentiated type which they showed rather acutely vivid symptoms, even though they were all relapsed and readmitted. Patients were randomly divided to two groups of D. P. H. +C. P. Z, and C. P. Z. +Placebo. Daily recommended dosages were 300mg for D. P. H, and between 150mg and 600mg for C. P. Z. They were all received drugs orally for two weeks for the study. Using the psychiatric rating scale and psychological testings (Rorschach and Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale), the authors applied them to the before and after medication, and obtained the following results. 1) On the hyperside of psychopathology in the affect and behavior such as irritability, excitability, hyperactivity, hostility and anger etc, it seemed that the combination of two drugs have statistically significance to compare with C. P. Z. only, and totally they showed the trends of reducing the symptoms deviated from normality at the end of two weeks. But on the hyposide of it such as depression and hypoactivity etc, they showed little effect, both. 2) On thought process and content of thought, the two groups showed statistically no significance at the end of two weeks.
흡연 학생을 위한 지역사회 청소년 약물남용 프로그램의 효과
김도훈,낭궁기,오병훈,유계준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1
본 연구는 우리나라 청소년들의 약물남용중에서 가장 광범위하면서 이에대한 대책이 부족한 청소년 흡연학생을 위한, 지역사회 청소년 약물학교 프로그램의 효과를 검증해 봄으로서, 지역사회 병원과 학교간의 협조 체계를 구축, 운용하는 지역사회 청소년 약물남용 예방, 치료, 재활프로그램의 모델을 제시하고자 고안 시행되었다. 청소년 흡연학생을 위한 지역사회 약물학교 프로그램의 효과를 보기위한 기초자료를 얻기위해 연구대상 학교 경기도 성남시 소재 P 인문계 남자고등학교를 선정하고, 이 학교 학생중 무작위로 146명의 학생을 선정하여 연구대상학교의 약물남용실태를 조사하였다. 지역사회 약물학교 프로그램을 이수한 33명의 학생들을 실험군으로 하고, 연구대상학교 실태조사에 참여한 60명의 흡연집단 학생중에서 무작위로 선정한 24명의 학생을 비교군으로 하였다. 실험군과 비교군 모두 실태조사 및 프로그램 실시 8개월 후에 다시 실태조사를 실시하여 그동안의 변화를 χ²-test와 t-test로 비교하고 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과 및 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) 첫 흡연시기는 대부분 중학교 3학년에서 고등학교 1학년이었으며 대부분 학생이 고등학교 1학년때 이미 습관적으로 흡연을 하고 있었다. 따라서 청소년 학생들의 흡연의 시작을 예방하거나 늦추기 위해서는, 학교에 근간한 흡연을 위한 약물남용 예방 프로그램은 국민학교때부터 시작하는 것이 필요하며, 늦어도 흡연 시작이 가장 많은 시기인 중학교 3학년에서 고등학교 1학년 학생이나 또는 흡연을 시작하기 바로 전 시기인 중학교1∼2학년 학생에 촛점을 두어 시작해야 효과가 클 것으로 생각된다. 아울러 흡연학생의 80%가 1회이상의 금연시도를 하였으며 6회 이상 시도도 약 20%를 차지하고 있었는바, 흡연 학생을 위한 금연 프로그램이 절실히 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 2) 흡연 청소년 학생을 위한 지역사회 약물학교 프로그램의 효과는 매우 긍정적이었다. 지역사회 약물학교 프로그램에 참가한 흡연학생들은 8개월 후의 추적조사에서 최근 1개월간의 흡연율이 19.2% 감소하였고 니코틴 중독점수가 변화가 없었으며 최근 1개월 동안의 음주율의 변화가 거의 없었다. 이에 비해서 약물학교 프로그램에 참석하지 않은 흡연학생은 실태조사 8개월 후에 추적조사에서 최근 1개월간의 흡연율이 22.6%가 증가하였고 니코틴 중독점수가 1.80에서 3.43으로 의미있게 증가하였고 최근 1개월 동안의 음주율이 18.1% 증가하였다. 3) 흡연 청소년 학생을 위한 지역사회 약물학교 프로그램에 참가한 흡연학생들은 교육 8개월후 추적조사에서 교육전보다 학교문제가 적었으며, 약물학교 비참여군과는 달리 가족기능이 높아지고 친구문제가 적어지는 경향이 있었으나, 흡연에 대한 지식은 낮아졌으며 흡연에 대한 태도가 오히려 호의적인 경향을 보였다. 이는 약물학교에 참여한 학생들이 학교 문제, 친구문제의 감소, 가족기능의 향상 등으로 스트레스가 감소하여 흡연에 대한 욕구가 낮아져서 흡연율이 감소된 것으로 생각된다. 이같은 결과로 미루어 볼때, 청소년을 대상으로 하는 약물남용 예방 및 치료 프로그램을 운영할 때는 약물의 유해성에 관한 직접적인 교육 뿐 아니라 청소년이 가지고 있는 심리, 정서상의 문제를 다루어 주고 해소시킬 수 있는 프로그램을 아울러 병행하는 것이 중요할 것으로 생각된다. This study was designed to suggest community-based adolescent drug abuse program model to prevent, treat and rehabilitate the adolescent drug abusers, which works by cooperation between community hospitals and schools, by proving the effectiveness of community-based adolescent drug abuse problem for adolescent smoking students since smoking is one of the most common adolescent abuse problems in the community. To gain the basic data for proving the effect of community drug abuse program for adolescent smoking students, one male high school was selected as the studying school located in Seong Nam city. Among this high school students 146 students were selected randomly to investigate drug abuse status of this school. The experimental group was 33 students who participate in community-based drug abuse problem and the control group was 24 students who were selected randomly among the 60 smoking students who participated in investigating the drug abuse status in the studying school. The both experimental group and control group were reinvestigated of the drug abuse status eight months after completion of community-based drug abuse program, and change during this period was analysed with x²-test and t-test. The results and conclusions were as follows. 1) The smoking onset time was ranged mostly from senior in middle school to freshmen in high school and the most students smoked already habitually when they were freshmen in high school. 80% of smoking students had tried to quit smoking more than one time and 20% had tried to quit smoking more than six times and failed. This data suggest that the smoking prevention program must be started as soon as possible for effectiveness of adolescent drug abuse program just before many students start smoking and the smoking cessation program for smoking students is needed desperately. 2) The community-based drug abuse program for smoking students was effective. The smoking students who participate in drug abuse program(experimental group) showed 19.2% decline of recent one month smoking rates eight months after completion of the program, but the smoking students who did not participate in drug abuse program(control group) showed 22.6% incline of recent one month smoking rates. In the experimental group, the Fagerstrom's nicotine dependance score and recent one month drinking rates showed no differance between initial and 8 month follow-up investigatement, but in the control group, the Fagerstrom's nicotine dependence scores were increased significantly from 1.80 to 3.43 and recent one month drinking rates showed 18.1% incline after 8 month follow-up periods. 3) The smoking students who participate in drug abuse program has less school problems and increased family functioning and decreasing tendency of friends problems but less knowledge about cigarettes and more permissive in attitude to smoking after eight months follow-up period. These results suggest that students who participated in community-based drug abuse program experienced reduction of stress, which results in decline of smoking rates. Therefore, I think that the drug abuse program which deals with the psychological and emotional problems of adolescents is needed as much as direct education about the harmful effect of cigarettes in adolescent drug abuse program for smoking students.