정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

수출입 컨테이너 장치장 배정을 위한 소프트웨어의 개발

김갑환,김홍배,홍봉희,김기영,배종욱,최진오,김두열,이영기,박영만,박강태,손행대 한국경영과학회 1995 經營 科學 Vol.12 No.3

The Pusan Container Terminal faces a rapid increase in berthing time of container ships as well as in waiting time of external trucks, which is due to an absolute lack of yard space. This research is focused on the development of a decision support system for the planning of the container terminal yard assignment so that the yard space would be utilized most effectively. Efforts should be given to the reasonable assignment of the yard storage and the dynamic adaptation to the ever changing environment. The software introduced here is based o the know-how of the field exports and its framework takes the approach of the hierarchical decision making.

An Improved Speech Processing Strategy for Cochlear Implants Based on an Active Nonlinear Filterbank Model of the Biological Cochlea

Kim $^$, Kyung Hwan,Choi, Sung Jin,Kim, Jin Ho,Kim, Doo Hee IEEE 2009 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.56 No.3

<P>The purpose of this study was to improve the speech processing strategy for cochlear implants (CIs) based on a nonlinear time-varying filter model of a biological cochlea. The level-dependent frequency response characteristic of the basilar membrane is known to produce robust formant representation and speech perception in noise. A dual resonance nonlinear (DRNL) model was adopted because it is simpler than other adaptive nonlinear models of the basilar membrane and can be readily incorporated into the CI speech processor. Spectral analysis showed that formant information is more saliently represented at the output of the proposed CI speech processor compared to the conventional strategy in noisy conditions. Acoustic simulation and hearing experiments showed that the DRNL-based nonlinear strategy improves speech performance in a speech-spectrum-shaped noise.</P>

A Study on the legal aspects of foreign investments in Korea

Kim, Doo Hwan金斗煥 숭실대학교 법학연구소 1993 法學論叢 Vol.6 No.-

안근성 중증근무력증이 동반된 갑상선 기능항진증의 임상상 : Report of Six Cases

서지영,김두만,김현규,최철수,임성희,유재명,최문기,유형준,박성우,김형철,송홍기,김덕환 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

레소르신올의 아조짝지움 反應에 關한 硏究

金容仁,吳亮煥,尹斗善 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.2

The coupling reactions of resorcinol with diazotized aniline and 6 sorts of monosubstituted benzenediazonium salts have been studied kinetically in aqueous solution buffered at pH 5.70. The coupling reaction with diazotized p-nitroaniline proceeded 500 times more rapidly than that with the benzenediazonium salt, which was coupled 20 times faster than that with the diazotized p-anisidine. The fact that the rate of coupling reaction depended an the ionic strength and pH of the medium showed that the reaction was followed by Bartlett's mechanism explaining the reaction between phenolate ion and diazonium ion. Base catalysis of pyridine an the azocoupling of resorcinol with p-methylbenzene-diazonium salt indicated the dependence of this reaction an two step mechanism. The activation energies measured in the coupling reaction of resorcinol with diazotized aniline, p-nitroaniline, sulfanilic acid, p-bromoaniline, p-chloroaniline, p-toluidine, and p-anisidine, were 11.25, 5.85, 7.43, 8.73, 9.72, 12.40, and 13.61 Kcal/mol, respectively. A linear free energy relationship has been essentially observed except for some para substituted active component, for which the extended Hammett plot treated by Yukawa-Tsuno permitted a good linear relationship with three para substituted active components when considering the mesomeric effect. The calculated reaction constant of these azocoupling reactions was ρ=3. 75, and the reaction constant of resonance contribution was calculated as r=0.31 at 20℃.

2005학년도 신입생 실태조사

김두화,박종필,박정환 濟州大學校 職業能力開發院 2006 學生生活硏究 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of the survey is to collect basic data on freshmen in 2005 and to understand students' general matters for make substantial measures on academic affairs in our university, For the purpose of the study, the researcher composed a questionnaire(on students' current conditions, values, university life etc) based on earlier surveys and distributed and collected during the orientation period of . 1802 students are answered the questionnaire and the results of the survey suggest that : 1. It needs to increase the opportunities to take career guidance and counseling. When asked main concerns, most students answered that their main concern or interest is 'getting a job' or 'entering a school of higher grade' Also they answered that the reason to enter the university is to find more prospective Job and want to take coundeling service on 'getting a job' or 'entering a school of higher grade'. Thus, to meet their needs, it needs to increase the opportunity to take psychological test, career guidance and counseling with close cooperation with other related university offices. 2. It needs to increase the opportunities of oversea training for students. Most of the students had a positive image on the oversea training and these experience is directly related with students' competitiveness in job markets. Thus, it needs to take supportive steps to collect sufficient fund for the oversea training. 3. It needs to support students who want to be a public official or teacher. Most of the students preferred to be a public officer or teachers, so that the university should take some measures to support these students. 4. The current strategy for university advertisement should be reappraised. Cheju National University holds several expositions for highschool graduates to advertise the university, but it revealed that these expositions are not effective because many students replied that they found useful information through university's homepage, highschool teachers. Thus, the university should change current strategy based on exposition for highschool students and make more effective plans for advertising departments and the university. 5. The university should take some measures to increase students' pride which is related to the university. 52.8% of the students replied that they are proud of the university, but 43.4% of the students replied that they are not. Finally, the university collect data only from freshmen, and results from these data analysis have some limitation to understand all students in the university. Thus, to get more accurate information and to make more effective decision making, the survey should extended to all students in the university.

Multiprocessor를 利用한 AC Servo Motor의 制御를 위한 Software Algorithm에 關한 硏究1

金斗京,金一煥 제주대학교 1988 논문집 Vol.26 No.-

本 硏究에서는 multiprocessor에 의한 Digital화 AC Servo Driving System을 위해 속도제어를 중심으로 간략회된 구동 hardware 및 Software Algorithm을 구성하였다. 本 연구에서는 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. Tachogenerator, A/D Convcerter D/A Converter 등의 Analog소자를 쓰지 않고 全 部分을 Digital 회로로 구성하고 속도 검출기로 2相의 Rotary Encoder만을 사용하여 바향 속도 위치 등의 검출에서 우수한 특성을 얻었다. 2. hardware의 간략화로 제어기의 크기를 줄일 수 있고 신뢰성이 높으며 탄력적인 적용을 할 수 있게 되었다. 3. Software에 의한 Digital Contorl 方式이기 때문에 수치적으로 입력된 속도에 대해 정확한 속도로 회전한다. 4. 인버터 제어용 PWM pulse를 Software적으로 하므로써 hardware 부분을 줄일 수 있었다. 따라서 本 硏究를 통해 기존의 Analog 제어방식에서는 볼 수 없는 우수한 특징을 많이 얻을 수 있었고 이러한 특징들을 이용하여 고성능 System을 具現하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 期待된다. A number of motor driving systems based on the microprocessor have developed. A digital control system using a AC Servo Motor fed by PWM Sinusoidal inverter and the result of PWM generation, velocity control using. a 8096 16 bit microprocessor are presented. The two pole proportional type control algorithm is impliemented in this paper, which can compensated effectively the error between the reference and actual output by Rotary Encoder. The experimental results show good performance of high speed with 2ms of sampling time. Moreover enhancement of its performance is achieved by the algorithm containing consstant speed, acceleration-deceleration, speed regulation, using interupt, and Servo-Lock.

일정 진폭 하중을 받는 콘크리트 포장 슬래브의 구조 특성에 관한 연구

김두환,손주섭 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.2

This test is to accumulate the datas of stress conditions of stress conditions and deflections by bending, and to analyze the causes of fatigue crack occurrences and the relations of the behavior of structure system through the static loading test and fatigue test. Based on it, This paper is to evaluate the safety of structure and to inspect the possibility of retrofit and efficiency, which is required to upgrade the capacity of structure during the servicing life. Repeated loading of 2.5Hz are used in the fatigue test. During the fatigue test, the crack patterns by the maximum loading and mid-span deflections, concrete strains, and steel strains are investigated periodically. As a result of this study, it is acquired that the concrete pavement slab has sufficient load carrying capacity and high stiffness in the static loading test and concrete pavement slab is comfortable behaved in over one million recycled loading in the fatigue test. The objective of this paper is to investigate the capacity of concrete pavement slab by using the static loading test and fatigue test and to improve the problems of existing concrete pavement slab.

공여신 직출후의 잔류신기능에 대한 고찰

杜歡祐,閔準基,金榮坤,朴泳炅 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

One hundred patients who underwent uninephrectomy for kidney donation between 1989 and 1996 have been checked the changes of renal function before and after donor nephrectomy Follow up periods after uninephrectomy were postoperative 7days, 1year and 4years. Mean blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) before nephrectomy was 115.8±9.2/ 74.3±7.2 mmHg and that of the last reading was 114.9±12.7/ 75.0±9.8 mmHg. The current creatinine clearance of the donors was 78±4 ml/min. The 7days, 1year and 4years after nephrectomy percentage of predonation creatinine clearance were 73±3%, 77±2% and 79±3%, respectively. The 24-hr urine protein excretion in kidney donors was significantly higher after nephrectomy than before nephrectomy (52.1±11.2 mg/day VS. 178±25.6 mg/day). In conclusion, this long-term study of kidney donors shows no adverse effect on blood pressure and renal function after many years of compensatory hyperfiltration.