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최문기 서원대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 인문과학연구 Vol.11 No.-
The purpose of this article is to investigate about the theoretical foundations of business ethics. Business ethics is a specific area in applied ethics which is raised recently. Business ethics applies the theoretical arguments in general ethics into actions, activities, policies, institutions within business world. The most important theoretical task of business ethics seems to establish a moral decision making model which can help managers and other employees to resolve ethical dilemmas in business world. The structure of moral decision making or moral reasoning is consisted of two premises and one conclusion. the major premise in a syllogism includes a moral standard, and minor premise includes fact informations. A conclusion is a moral judgment. There are various moral standards which can be used into moral decision making. But in this article, it is limited on three moral standards : utility, rights, justice. These moral standards have both advantages and disadvantages. So we need to use them complementally, according to cases or situations which business faces with. It may be called as ideal moral decision making model.
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행위자 기반 모델을 활용한 인구과밀 및 병목현상의 위험성 분석
최문기,지상훈,박진우 대한지리학회 2022 대한지리학회지 Vol.57 No.6
Crowd crush accidents, one of the catastrophic urban disasters, have become frequent due to urban growth. To alleviate those potential risks, it is critical to not only understand the characteristics of pedestrian flow, but also provide appropriate crowd management, simultaneously. In this sense, our study examines how the population density increases according to the multiple variables associated with pedestrian movements (e.g., population, path width) and crowd control methods (e.g., righthand traffic) through agent based modeling (ABM). In detail, we first built a passage in a virtual space and measured the population density changes over time with respect to the various pedestrian attributes (e.g., incoming counts and group ratio) and the passage characteristics (e.g., width and length). We then revisited the Itaewon stampede, which occurred in October 2022, and simulated how the population density would be curbed if a side barrier had been removed or the pedestrian rule had been implemented. As results, the pedestrian counts in the passage and the width of the passage were the two most significant variables causing the crowdedness. In addition, two advancements (i.e., right-hand traffic and no barrier in the passage) to the Itaewon stampede would result in meaningful improvement in the population density (i.e., less than six people /m2), which is less than the risky crowd crush threshold. Our study suggests that the population density monitoring system and pedestrian policy should be implemented in the future to effectively prevent the crowd crush accidents. 급격한 인구밀도의 증가로 인한 군중 충돌 현상은 다수의 사상자를 초래할 수 있는 도시재난으로써 도시의 발달과 함께 그 수가 증가해왔다. 인구과밀에 따라 야기될 수 있는 위험상황을 예방하기 위해서는 보행자 유동 현상에 관한 과학적 이해 및 도시적 차원의 관리가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 행위자 기반 모델을 통하여 보행자 유동 현상 및 상황 통제(우측 통행 등)의 변수에 따라 인구과밀현상의 위험도 변화 양상을 면밀히 분석하였다. 첫째, 가상공간의 통로를 설정하여 다양한 요인(유동 인구 수, 그룹 빈도, 도로의 폭, 길이 및 우측 통행 등)이 시간당 인구밀도 변화에 미치는 영향을 측정 하였다. 둘째, 2022년 10월 발생한 대규모 이태원 압사 사고의 공간 및 인구밀도 상황을 추정 재현하고 상황 통제(차벽 제거, 우측 통행 등) 시나리오를 적용하여 인구과밀에 대한 개선 효과를 추정하였다. 연구 결과로써 보행자 유동 현상 측면에서는 해당 통로를 지나려는 인구수가 주변 유동 인구, 그룹 빈도 변화에 비해 연구지역의 인구밀도 증가에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 공간 환경적 요소에서는 통로 폭이 통로 길이보다 더 큰 요인으로 작용하였다. 이태원 참사 추정 분석에서는 통로 상의 가벽 철거 및 우측 통행이 시행되었을 때, 인구밀도가 위험 수준인 6명/m2를 넘지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 인구밀도는 지속적으로 증가하는 패턴을 보이므로 추후 효과적인 인구통제 및 공간개선을 위하여 보다 넓은 차원의 인구밀도 감시체계 및 보행 정책 개선의 필요성을 시사한다.
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Understanding Travel Behavior Change during COVID-19 Using Spatio-temporal Cluster Analysis
최문기,황철수 한국측량학회 2023 한국측량학회지 Vol.41 No.1
As COVID-19 has been prevalent around the world in recent years, many studies about monitoring and predicting the spread of disease have been conducted in various fields including geography. However, little research has been devoted to infectious disease prediction modeling that adopts constantly changing travel behavior patterns during epidemics. This is due to the limited methodologies to investigate spatio-temporal change in travel behaviors at large-scale and the difficulty in interpreting massive and diverse travel patterns. This study suggests an effective disease surveillance method based on cluster analysis to identify change in travel behaviors during the pandemic by implementing space-time cluster analysis. The results show that K-means++ well represent dynamic changes in travel behaviors at daily scale, whereas retrospective space-time scan statistics have the advantage of detecting travel behavior changes in each period at large spatial scale. Those results could inform decision makers to establish guidelines on travel behavior to curb individual contacts under potential future pandemic.
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최문기 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.4
Rehabilitation of the paralyzed face as a result of trauma or surgery remains a daunting task. Complete restoration of emotionally driven symmetric facial motion is still unobtainable, but current techniques have enhanced our ability to improve this emotionally traumatic deficit. Problems of mass movement and synkinesis still plague even the best reconstructions. The reconstructive techniques used still represent a compromise between obtainable symmetry and motion at the expense of donor site deficits, but current techniques continue to refine and limit this morbidity.In chronically paralyzed face, direct nerve anastomosis, nerve graft, or microvascular-muscle graft is not always possible. In this case, regional muscle transposition is tried to reanimate the eyelid and lower face. Regional muscle includes maseeter muscle, temporalis muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Temporalis muscle is preferred because it is long, flat, pliable and wide- motion of excursion.In order to reanimate the upper and lower eyelid, Upper eyelid Gold weight implantion and lower eyelid shortening and tightening is mainly used recently, because this method is very simple, easy and reliable.
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