녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가

장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.

TDD방식과 FDD방식간의 간섭영향과 반송파 이격거리에 관한 연구

장준,문상현,홍인기 경희-다반 ASIC 설계교육센터 2003 경희-다반 ASIC센터 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

본 논문에서는 FDD 와 TDD 모드 시스템간 인접대역 주파수 사용에 따른 간섭을 분석하고 이에 대한 반송 파 이격거리를 산출하였다. 두 시스템사이에서, 인접주파수 이용에 따라서 다른 종류의 간섭이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 FDD 모드 시스템간 간섭을 모델링 하여서 용량을 산출 하였고, 서로 다른 사업자에 의해 FDD 모드시스템 운용시, ACP를 고려하여 간섭으로 인한 용량과 요구되어지는 반송파 이격거리를 산출하였다. 또한 TDD 와 FDD 모드 시스템간 기지국간 거리가 용량에 미치는 영향도 분석하였다 각각의 간섭시나리오에 의한 용량의 산출을 바탕으로 FDD모드 시스템간 반송파 이격거리와 FDD TDD 모드간 시스템에서의 반송파 이격거리를 구하였다

304L 스테인레스강의 변태유기 소성에 미치는 변형온도의 영향

성장현,강창룡 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1992 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.1

The effect of deformation temperature on transformation induce plasticity in 304L stainless steel with metastable austenitic phase investigaged. The result obtained from this study are summarized as follows. Tensile properties of the metastable austenitic 304L stainless steel remarkably influenced by deformation temperature and mainly controlled by transformation induced martensite. Tensile strength increased with decreasing deformation temperature and the elongation showed maximum value near 40℃ With lowering the deformation temperature, the volume fration of transformation induced martensite increased at the same strain. ε-martensite was formed at the begining stage of deformation in the low temperature region of low stability of austenite. The volume fration of ε-martensite increased with increasing strain and decreased after showing the maximum value. The maxium quantity of ε-martensite was obtained at low strain with decreasing deformation temperature.

귄터 그라스의 『양철북』 : 도로테아 �게터 살인사건 Eine allegorische Interpretation 서술의 특징과 알레고리적 해석 가능성

장성현 한국뷔히너학회 2004 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.23 No.-

Ganz am Anfang der Blechtrommel(1959) schickt der Erza¨hler Oskar Matzerath voraus, dass er "Insasse einer Heil- und Pflegeanstalt" sei. Wa¨hrend seines Erza¨hlens, das in einem Zeitraum von ungefa¨hr zwei Jahren erfolgt, verla¨sst er die Anstalt kein einziges Mal. Als Raum des Erza¨hlens ist eine "Heil- und Pflegeanstalt" - ein euphemistischer Ausdruck fu¨r Irrenanstalt - natu¨rlich vielsagend. Das Wissen, dass alles aus der Irrenhaus-Perspektive erza¨hlt wird, ist fu¨r den Leser Anlass genug, die Zuverla¨ssigkeit des Erza¨hlers und somit die Wahrhaftigkeit des Erza¨hlten in Frage zu stellen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird zuna¨chst auf Oskars Unzuverla¨ssigkeit in seiner Darstellung des Mordfalles Dorothea Ko¨ngetter hingewiesen und anschließend eine politisch-allegorische Interpretation dieses Befundes vorgelegt. Im sogenannten "Ringfingerprozeß" vom Herbst 1952 wird der damals achtundzwanzigja¨hrige Oskar des Mordes an der Krankenschwester Dorothea Ko¨ngetter schuldig gesprochen. Ein entscheidendes, belastendes Beweisstu¨ck ist dabei der Ringfinger der Ermordeten, den Oskar im Weckglas eingeweckt hat. Oskar wird vom Gericht zu einem Nervenklinik-Aufenthalt anstatt zu einer normalen Haft verurteilt, weil man ihn wegen des Fingers "nicht fir voll" nimmt. Ob Oskar Schwester Dorothea, seine ehemalige Mitbewohnerin, der er eine Weile nachspioniert und nachgestellt hatte, tatsa¨chlich ermordet hat, la¨sst sich allerdings, trotz des gerichtlichen Schuldspruchs, nicht ohne weiteres feststellen. Denn weder als Angeklagter vor Gericht noch als Erza¨hler im Roman gesteht Oskar seine Schuld an diesem Mord ein, In puncto dieses Mordfalles wirkt Oskars Erza¨hlverhalten unzuverla¨ssig, lu¨ckenhaft und merkwu¨rdig zuru¨ckhaltend. Bei genauerem Hinsehen der einschla¨gigen Teile des Romantextes ergibt sich jedoch, dass Oskar ho¨chstwahrscheinlich der wahre Ta¨ter ist. Das Gericht hat also Recht, doch nur vorla¨ufig, wie sich bald herausstellt. Gegen Ende des Romans, an seinem dreißigsten Geburtstag, kommt Oskar die Mitteilung zu, dass der "Ringfingerprozeß" wieder aufgenommen werden wird, weil man eine neue Spur gefunden hat. Am Romanschluss steht Oskar kurz davor, freigesprochen und aus der Anstalt entlassen zu werden. In der Grass-Forschung gilt die Figur Oskar als eine Allegorie fu¨r Deutschlund. Die Ermordung der Schwester Dorothea, das bei weitem brutalste Verbrechen, das Oskar in seinem Leben begangen hat, ko¨nnte dann als eine Allegorie fu¨r das ebenfalls brutalste und barbarischste Verbrechen Deutschlunds, na¨mlich die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, interpretiert werden. Der "Ringfingerprozeß", der im Roman "eine[r] der interessantesten Prozesse der Nachkriegszeit" genannt wird, erinnert an einen ebenso ho¨chstpubliken Prozess der Nachkriegszeit, den Nu¨rnberger Kriegsverbrecherprozess. Oskars Schweigen u¨ber seine Schuld, das Ausbleiben seines Gesta¨ndnisses, der bevorstehende Freispruch - all dies kann als Grass' Warnung an seine Lundsleute der Nachkriegsjahre verstunden werden, die drauf und dran sind, im Rausch des Wirtschaftswunders ihre schuldbeladene Vergangenheit zu vergessen. Dass ein Freispruch ohne echte Vergangenheitsbewa¨ltigung nur Unheil bringen wird, zeigt sich symbolisch in Oskars pessimistischer Schlussvision, in der er der bedrohlichen "Schwarzen Ko¨chin" nicht mehr entgehen kann.

뇌졸중의 운동신경기능 회복

장성호,권용현 영남대학교 의과대학 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Stroke is a leading cause of chronic physical disability. The recent randomized controlled trials have that motor function of chronic stroke survivors could be improved through physical or pharmacologic intervention in the stroke rehabilitation setting. In addition, several functional neuroimaging techniques have recently developed, it is available to study the functional topography of sensorimotor area of the brain. However, the mechanisms involved in motor recovery after stoke, are still poorly understood. Four motor recovery mechanisms have been suggested, such as reorganization into areas adjacent to the injured primary motor cortex (M1), unmasking of the motor pathway from the unaffected motor cortex to the affected hand, attribution of secondary motor areas, and recovery of the damaged contralateral corticospinal tract. Understanding the motor recovery mechanisms would provide neurorehabilitation specialists with more information to allow for precise prognosis and therapeutic strategies based on the scientific evidence; this may help promote recovery of motor function. This review introduces several methodologies for neuroimaging techniques and recovery after stroke. Perspectives, for future research are presented.

컴퓨터 비젼 방법을 이용한 3차원 물체 위치 결정에 관한 연구

장완식,김경석,이성민,주철,김재확,김대현 한국공작기계학회 1999 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.8 No.6

This study shows an alternative method for the determination of object's position, based on a computer vision method. This approach develops the vision system model to define the reciprocal relationship between the 3-D real space and 2-D image plane. The developed model involves the bilinear six-view parameters, which is estimated using the relationship between the camera space location and real coordinates of known position. Based on the estimated parameters in independent cameras, the position of unknown object is accomplished using as sequential estimation scheme that permits data of unknown points in each of the 2-D image plane of cameras. This vision control method is the robust and reliable, which overcomes the difficulties of the conventional research such as precise calibration of the vision sensor, exact kinematic modeling of the robot, and correct knowledge of the relative positions and orientation of the robot and CCD camera. Finally, the developed vision control method is tested experimentally by performing determination of object position is the space using computer vision system. These results show the presented method is precise and compatible.

귄터 그라스의 『양철북』에 나타난 색채상징

장성현 한국뷔히너학회 2004 뷔히너와 현대문학 Vol.22 No.-

Die ErzWwelt der Blechfrommel( 1959) ist von einer ungewohnlichen Farbenpracht gepragt. Oskar Matzerath, der nahezu farbbesessene Erz8hler und Protagonist, hort nicht auf, die Dinge als Farben zu benennen. Unter den zahlreichen Farben, die im Roman genannt werden, werden in dieser Studie drei niiher betrachtet: WeiD, Rot und Schwarz. Diese drei Farben wurden auf Grund ihrer Symboltrachtigkeit ausgewahlt. Das WeiR, das Oskar seit seiner Kindheit fasziniert, symbolisiert in erster Linie die Unschuld und die Gluckseligkeit, die nach Oskars Ansicht nur einem Embryo eigen sein konnen. Oskar fihlt sich wohl in Gegenwart von WeiR. Oskars Begeisterung fir Krankenschwestern beruht beispielsweise ausschlieBlich auf der Farbe ihrer Berufskleidung. Als stationarer Patient in einer psychiatrischen Klinik ist Oskar mit seinem ganzlich weiR ausgestatteten Krankenzimmer IiuBerst zufrieden. Dieses Zimmer ist f i r ihn ein zweiter Uterus, in dem sein Wunsch nach dem embryonalen Dasein gleichsam erfiillt wird. Das WeiB hat aber auch seine Schattenseite: Es reprhentiert nicht nur die schuldlose Gliicklichkeit, sondern auch den Tod. Als Oskars Mutter stirbt und in einer weiaen Leichenausstattung beigesetzt wird, wird der weiRe Lack von Oskars Trommel weifler als zuvor. Die Zweideutig-keit der Farbe WeiB erklart sich daraus, dass der Riickweg in die embryonale Kopflage , die fir Oskar den optimalen Zustand der Seligkeit und Unschuld bedeutet, fir die bereits Geborenen nur durch den Tod mijglich ware. Dem WeiR steht die Farbe Rot gegeniiber, die auf die Siindhaftigkeit und Verflihrbarkeit des Menschen anspielt. DaR das Rot im Roman haufig ins WeiR verlauft, zeigt, wie schwer es ist, in der menschlichen Welt unschuldig und gliicklich zu bleiben. Die Farbenkombination WeiR-Rot kennzeichnet vor allem Oskars Blechtrommel mit den rotlackierten Flammen auf ihrer weiaen Einfassung. Rote Flammen repfasentieren sowohl die Siinde, die Oskar selbst begeht, - er trommelt seine Mutter, seine beiden mutmaRlichen Vater und seine Geliebte Roswitha ins Grab - wie auch die Erbsiinde Oskars, namlich die Brandstiftung seines GroRvaters. Schwarz steht in diesem Roman flir Angst und Schrecken der menschlichen Existenz. Die Farbe Schwatz ist eng mit der Figur der Schwarzen Kijchin verbunden, die fiir Oskar allmghlich zum Sinnbild all seiner existentiellen Angst wird. Die Schwarze Kijchin erobert Oskars Bewusstsein in immer grMerem AusmaB, so dass das Schwarz schliealich alle anderen Farben dominiert. Angesichts der Allgegenwart der SChwarzen Kijchin am Ende des Romans kijnnte man Die Blechtrornrnel einen schwarzen Roman taufen, wie Werner Frizen es tut. Die Vorherrschaft der Farbe Schwarz am Romanschluss deutet auf die pessimistische Geschichtsauffassung des Autors hin: Schwarz sieht Giinter Grass - wenigstens zur Entstehungszeit des Romans - fir die deutsche Zukunft.