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`무통성 정상통과 정상배변형` 변비에서 보이는 직장 내 감각기능 저하
김창섭,김창섭(Chang Seop Kim),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),김영호(Young Ho Kim),손희정(Hee Jung Son),이화영(Hwa Young Lee),김재준(Jae Jun Kim),고광철(Kwang Cheol Koh),백승운(Seung Woon Paik),이종철(Jong Chull Rhee),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi) 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.34 No.4
Background/Aims: The functional constipation consists of slow transit, defecatory disorder and the normal transit/normal defecatory constipation. It can be divided into the group with pain (irritable bowel syndrome) and the group without pain. We evaluated the difference in the rectal motor and sensory function between patients with the painless normal transit/normal defecatory constipation (pNT/ND C) and controls. Methods: Rectal barostat was carried out in 13 pNT/ND C (M:F=4:9, mean age 46.6 yrs) and 10 controls (M:F=5:5, mean age 29.1 yrs). The thresholds for the minimal sense, the call to stool and the urgency were checked as sensory parameters. The compliance was expressed by the slope of the pressure-volume curve. The basal tone was measured by the volume of (minimal distending pressure+10) mmHg. Results: The thresholds for the minimal sensory pressure of patients and controls were 16.7±6.1 vs. 6.6±3.3 mmHg. The thresholds for the minimal defecatory pressure were 22.9±7.1 and 15.7±3.7 mmHg and those for the urgency pressure were 23.8±7.3 vs. 21.4±5.9 mmHg. These results indicated that the three thresholds were significantly increased in the pNT/ND C than in the controls (p<0.01). However, the compliance and basal tone were not significantly different in both groups. Conclusions: The visceral hyposensitivity may play a pathogenic role in developing painless normal transit/normal defecatory constipation. (Kor J Gastroenterol 1999;34:472 - 478)
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간섭 및 성능 분석을 위한 LTE 시스템 기반 펨토셀 시뮬레이터 개발
김창섭,최범곤,구본태,이미영,정민영,Kim, Chang-Seup,Choi, Bum-Gon,Koo, Bon-Tae,Lee, Mi-Young,Chung, Min-Young 한국시뮬레이션학회 2011 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.20 No.1
Recently, femtocell has been concerned as one of effective solutions to relieve shadow region and provide high quality services to users in indoor environments. Even though femtocell offers various benefits to cellular operators and users, many technical issues, such as interference coordination, network synchronization, self-configuration, self-optimization, and so on, should be solved to deploy the femtocell in current network. In this paper, we develop a simulator for evaluating performance of long term evolution (LTE) femtocell systems under various interference scenarios. The simulator consists of a main-module and five sub-modules. The main-module connects and manages five sub-modules which have the functionality managing user mobility, packet scheduling, call admission control, traffic generation, and modulation and coding scheme (MCS). To provide user convenience, the simulator adopts graphical user interface (GUI) which can observes simulation results in real time. We expect that this simulator can contribute to developing effective femtocell systems by supporting a tool for analyzing the effect of interference between macrocell and femtocell.
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김창섭,이상진 국가안보전략연구원 2021 국가안보와 전략 Vol.21 No.3
최근 구글 웹 트래픽의 95% 이상이 암호통신이고 모바일 메시징의 36% 가 종단간 암호를 기본으로 사용하며, 스마트폰 대부분이 디바이스 암호를적용하고 있다. 이러한 현대 암호의 일상적인 활용은 개인정보 보호에 크게 이바지하고 있지만, 국가안보와 범죄수사를 위한 국가의 합법적인 감청이 불가능해지는 암흑화(Going Dark) 현상을 맞게 되었다. 특히, 우리나라는 최첨단의 정보통신 인프라를 구축하고 있음에도 1990년대 유선 전화망위주의 낙후된 감청제도를 유지하고 있어, 최신 암호통신의 광범위한 활용은 마치 감청의 종말을 예견하는 듯하다. 최신 암호통신에 대처하는 가장실효적인 감청방안은 대상자 정보통신기기에 접근하여 암호가 풀린 평문상태에서 정보를 수집하는 해킹 도구를 활용한 온라인 수집기술이라 판단되며, 주요국들은 이미 온라인 수집기술을 법제화하여 활용하고 있다. 우리도 대테러, 방첩과 같은 안보 목적의 해외정보 수집을 위해 테러 혐의자등의 국내 소재 외국인에 한해서 온라인 수집을 감청으로 허용하고, 이를통신비밀보호법에 규정할 필요가 있다. 이와 더불어 기본권 침해와 오남용이 없도록 온라인 수집에 대한 엄격한 관리감독 통제장치를 마련하고 준수하게 하는 절차를 도입하여 국민 신뢰를 회복하여야 할 것이다. Nowadays, the encrypted communication of Google’s web traffic accounts for over 95%, 36% of mobile messaging uses end-to-end encryption, and most smart phones have applied device encryption as well. As aforementioned, the common use of modern encryption has definitely promoted privacy protection. However, the national security and criminal investigation have been confronting the phase of ‘Going Dark’ which refers to the situation that the encryption makes the lawful interception not possible. In particular, the Republic of Korea, which has developed the cutting-edge communication infrastructure, has been still applying the policy and the statutory framework which enacted in the 1990s for their legal interception. For this reason, the wide use of encrypted communication currently has brought up the end of lawful interception. The most practical method for the legal communication interception might be to access the end device and collect the decrypted voice or data through the online collection technique which utilizes the hacking tools. Developed countries have already legalized and been using the techniques in practice. Now, Korea also has certain needs for the ‘Protection of Communications Secrets Act’ to embrace the online collection as the foreign intelligence for counter-terrorism and counter-intelligence. Furthermore, appropriate regulations and control systems in the online collection must be followed to prevent abuse and protect civil rights as an extension of recovering the trust of citizens
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