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장준구(張俊九) 한국미술연구소 2017 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.45
Since the late 16<SUP>th</SUP> century the Ming dynasty reached a high plane of achievements in terms of culture while it encountered crisis in terms of politics and military. In those days, The Story of the Water Margin (Shuihuzhuan, 『水滸傳』) was more than a novel. At that time its story was published in books and performed as a play. The general public enjoyed pictures pertaining to this novel and moreover indulged in this story even using gambling devices on which figures from this story were portrayed. This fever for Water Margin was one of the immediate causes of the situations brought about at the end of the Ming dynasty that was on the verge of ruin. The content of Water Margin can be deemed anti-government and anti-state. Characters in the story include outlaws who commit crimes, formed a group, and resist against the government in the first half of the novel. However, those heroic persons subjugated the Liao dynasty founded by the Khitan people and the Jin dynasty founded by the Jurchen people as well as suppressed rebellions domestically. With this content implicatively reflecting the situations of the late Ming dynasty, this novel has been able to work as a symbol of patriotic sentiment. Images associated with The Story of the Water Margin were existent mainly in the form of illustrations. The typical images are from Water Margins Game Cards (Shihu yezi, 《水滸葉子》) by Chen Hongshou(1599~1652). Water Margins Game Cards is a collection of the prints of 40 key figures Chen portrayed among 108 heroes in The Story of the Water Margin. Chen appropriated the image of Guan Yu who had respected as the guardian god of the state for Song Jiang and Lu Junyi and the image of Zhuge Liang who had been regarded as the epitome of wisdom for Zhu Wu and Wu Yong, thereby wishing for salvation from the threat of foreign power. He also represented patriotic sentiment with f lowers set on the heads of good-looking heroes such as Chai Jin and Shi Shou. Chen’s illustrations are not mere portrayals of figures from The Story of the Water Margin but reflect the painter’s patriotic sentiment. The manifestation of such sentiment by the medium of The Story of the Water Margin was closely associated with representations and expressions by ordinary personas as well as intellectuals during the end of the Ming dynasty. They enjoyed the novel The Story of the Water Margin in a variety of forms such as book, theater, painting, gambling, and discourse. The Story of the Water Margin, a novel that emerged at the end of the Ming dynasty was an alternative medium in its chaotic society and a spiritual haven as well as a symbol of patriotic sentiment and a phenomenon penetrating society.
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스포츠관광 참여 의도 제고를 위한 Push-Pull 전략 연구: 참여 및 비참여 중국 스포츠관광객 비교를 중심으로
장준,안성식 한국관광진흥학회 2026 관광진흥연구 Vol.14 No.관광서비스
스포츠는 관광 산업 발전의 핵심 자원이며, 관광은 스포츠 산업을 촉진하는 중요한 동력으로 작용한다. 이처럼 스포츠 산업과 관광 산업의 융합은 산업 구조의 고도화와 관광 상품 체계의 혁신을 위한 핵심 전략일 뿐만 아니라, 자원 배분의 효율화와 상호 촉진 효과를 실현하기 위한 필연적인 선택이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 융합은 산업 전환과 고도화를 가속화하고, 국가 및 지역 경제의 지속 가능한 성장 동력을 강화하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 스포츠관광 참여자의 참여 의도는 참여 경험 및 여가 만족과 밀접한 관련을 가지는 핵심 요인으로, 참여 의도를 파악하는 것은 스포츠관광 참여의 방향과 목적을 이해하고 지속적 참여 행동 및 소비 행동을 예측하는 데 중요한 단서를 제공한다. 따라서 스포츠관광 참여자의 유입과 활성화를 위해서는 참여 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 체계적으로 규명하는 것이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 중국 및 선진국의 스포츠관광 관련 선행연구를 바탕으로, 중국 스포츠관광객의 Push 요인과 Pull 요인이 스포츠관광 참여 의도에 미치는 영향관계를 실증적으로 분석하고, 스포츠관광의 중점 개선 항목을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 스포츠관광 참여 의도는 개인의 내면적 욕구를 반영하는 Push 요인과 관광지 자체의 매력적 속성을 나타내는Pull 요인의 복합적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. IPA 분석을 통해 도출된 결과는 모든 그룹(전체, 참여형, 비참여형)에서 ‘스포츠 문화’, ‘자연환경의 매력’, ‘신체 건강 증진’, ‘성취감’, ‘전문 경기장 및 시설’은 중요도와 만족도가 모두 높은 ‘지속 유지(Keep up the good work)’ 요인으로 나타났다. Sport serves as a core resource for the development of the tourism industry, while tourism functions as a crucial driving force that promotes the growth of the sports industry. In this regard, the integration of the sports and tourism industries represents not only a strategic approach to advancing industrial structures and innovating tourism product systems, but also an inevitable choice for enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and generating mutual synergistic effects. Such integration accelerates industrial transformation and upgrading, thereby playing a vital role in strengthening sustainable economic growth at both national and regional levels. Participation intention among sport tourism participants is a key factor closely associated with participation experiences and leisure satisfaction. Understanding participation intention provides important insights into the direction and purpose of sport tourism participation, as well as a basis for predicting continuous participation behavior and related consumption patterns. Therefore, identifying the factors that influence participation intention is essential for attracting sport tourists and promoting the sustainable development of sport tourism. Accordingly, based on previous studies on sport tourism conducted in China and advanced countries, this study empirically examines the effects of internal motivational factors (push factors) and external attraction factors (pull factors) on sport tourism participation intention among Chinese sport tourists, and aims to identify priority areas for improvement in sport tourism development. The results indicate that sport tourism participation intention is influenced by a combination of push factors reflecting individuals’ internal needs and pull factors representing the attractive attributes of sport tourism destinations. Furthermore, the IPA results reveal that, across all groups (overall, active participants, and non-participants), “sport culture,” “attractiveness of the natural environment,” “physical health promotion,” “sense of achievement,” and “professional stadiums and facilities” were classified as “Keep up the good work” attributes, demonstrating both high importance and high satisfaction. These findings suggest that such factors constitute the core competitive strengths of sport tourism.
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