인체 대장암 및 자궁경부암에서 PCR-SSCP법을 이용한 Ki-ras 암유전자의 점돌연변이에 관한 연구

박영홍,백낙환,김현찬,김상효,홍관희,김기태,이기영 인제대학교 1994 仁濟醫學 Vol.15 No.2

인체 대장암 20례와 자궁경부암 10례의 암조직을 대상으로 c-Ki-ras 유전자 codon 12와 13에서의 점돌연변이를 알아보고자 polymerase chain reaction(PCR)과 single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) 검사법을 시행하였다. 대장암의 경우 20례중 9례(45%)에서, 자궁경부암의 경우 10례중 1례(10%)에서 양성으로 나왔다. 대장암에서는 codon 12에서 GGT가 TGT로의 치환이 4례로서 가장 많았으며, AGT, CGT로의 치환이 각 1례였고 codon 13에서는 GGC가 GAC로의 치환이 2례, TGC로의 치환이 1례인 것으로 나타났다. 자궁경부암의 경우 codon 12에서 GGT가 AGT로의 치환이 1례인 것으로 나타났다. In an attempt to clarify the role of genetic alteration in the genesis of human colorectal and cervical cancers, tissue specimens from 20 patients with colorectal cancer and 10 patients with cervical cancer were examined for the presence of point mutation in K-ras2 exon 1 by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of PCR product. Exon I of c-Ki-ras2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and comparison was made between the normal and mutated genes by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) of PCR product and nucleotide sequence analysis using asymmetric PCR with direct sequencing. Genomic DNA from white blood cells were used as normal control and those from A427 cell line were used as mutated control. 1.PCR product from A427 cell line showed a distinct migration shift pattern compared to the normal control in PAGE and the direct sequencing indicated that nucleotide sequence of codon 12 was mutated from GGT to GAT. In addition, there was a loss of normal allele in A427 cell line. 2.PCR product from 9 cases(45%) out of a 20 colon cancer patients showed migration shifts in PAGE, and all of these 9 patients invariably demonstrated mutation of ras gene, either in codon 12(6 cases:30%) or 13(3 cases:15%). The base substitutions in codon 12 were: from GGT to AGT(1), CGT(1), or TGT(4). Base changes in codon 13 were from GGC to TGC(1) or GAC(2). 3.PCR product from 1 cases(10%) out of a 10 cervical cancer patients showed migration shrifts in PAGE, Invariably demonstrated mutation of ras gene in codon 12. The base substitutions was from GGT to AGT(1) TQE incidence of point mutation of c-Ki-ras in colon cancer was high, however, it was low in cervical cancer, which showed the relation of ruts gene mutation with colon cancer. PCR -SSCP analysis is a simple, rapid and efficient method of detection of point mutation, especially when dealing with multiple samples.

Development of a Mobile Application, "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", for Identification of Plants in Bukhansan National Park

Kim, Sang-Tae,Lee, Seung-Yeon,Kim, Seung-Chul,Byun, Hye-Won,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kim, Mu-Yeal,Hong, Seok-Pyo,Chung, Young-Jae,Park, Ki-Ryong,Lee, Chung-Hee,Lee, Joong-Ku,Heo, Kyeong-In,Lee, Ji-Ye,Lee, Eun-Je National Science Museum of Korea 2011 Journal of Korean nature Vol.4 No.3

We developed the educational purpose mobile application, named "Wild Flowers of Bukhansan National Park (version 1.0)", aiming for easy identification of wild flowers for students and visitors in the park. When visitors find a flower or part of plant in the park, visitors can search for its name utilizing the pictures and characters provided in their own smartphone mobile devices or tablet PCs. The application provides pictures of wild flowers in the park and character-based searching system based on 12 diagnostic features (e.g., growth form, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, petal color, petal number, sepal number, etc). We adopted the complete floristic survey of Chung and Lee (1962) and added species that we confirmed their distribution in the park during the development of this application. In summary, number of vascular plants in this park was estimated to be 428 taxa including 100 families, 280 genera, 327 species, 1 subspecies, 50 varieties, and 5 formas. We provided a total of 588 pictures representing 358 taxa and each taxon includes multiple pictures in many cases. Included identification quizzes can be an efficient educational tool as well as fun activity for students and visitors who are learning plant species in Korea. Our next step will include GPS function in the application for indicating visitor's location and for providing previously reported sites of the species that we interested in the map of the park. The future application which includes GPS function will be a valuable tool for the monitoring of rare plants, plant researches related to the climate changes, etc. We currently provide Korean iPhone version only, and English version and both of android versions will be serviced soon.

한국인 폐확산능 정상예측식의 임상적 유용성과 정확성

나승원 ( Seung Won Ra ),박태선 ( Tai Sun Park ),홍윤기 ( Yoon Ki Hong ),홍상범 ( Sang Bum Hong ),심태선 ( Tae Sun Shim ),임채만 ( Chae Man Lim ),이상도 ( Sang Do Lee ),고윤석 ( Youn Suck Koh ),김우성 ( Woo Sung Kim ),김동순 ( Dong 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.64 No.2

연구배경: 폐확산능을 해석하는 데 필요한 정상예측식으로는 한국인을 대상으로 하여 박 등이 개발한 식(박 식)이 있으나 아직 외국 정상예측식을 많이 사용하고 있다. 이에 국내에서 많이 사용하는 외국 정상예측식인 Burrows 식과 박 식의 임상적 유용성과 정확성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 1. 임상적 유용성 연구; 2006년 7월부터 12월까지 6개월간 폐확산능검사를 시행한 환자 중 두 식을 각각 정상예측식으로 적용하였을 때 폐확산능 해석이 다른 276명(대상군 A)을 대상으로 하였다. 대상군 A에게 두 식을 각각 적용하였을 때 폐확산능 해석과 임상적 판단과의 일치도를 비교하여 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 2. 간질성폐질환 진단의 정확성 비교; 2001년부터 2006년까지 폐조직검사를 시행하여 확진된 간질성폐질환군과 서울아산병원에서 모집한 정상군을 대상으로 하여 정상예측식으로 두 식을 각각 적용하였을 때 폐확산능 해석의 정확도를 비교하였고, 두 식이 차이가 나는지 맥니머의 카이스퀘어 검정을 하였다. 결과: 1. 임상적 판단과의 일치도 비교; 276명을 임상정보를 토대로 폐확산능을 예측하여 분류한 결과 정상 54명, 감소 220명, 불분명이 2명이었다. 예측식으로 박 식과 Burrows 식을 적용하였을 때 임상적 판단과 일치하는 환자는 각각 78%와 22%이었다(p<0.001). 2. 간질성폐질환 진단의 정확성 비교; 박 식은 민감도 90.1%, 특이도 100%이었고 Burrows 식은 민감도 64.2%, 특이도 100%로 민감도가 통계학적으로 유의하게 박 식이 높았다(p<0.001). 결론: 우리나라 정상예측식인 박 식이 외국 정상예측식인 Burrows 식을 정상예측식으로 적용하는 것보다 임상적 유용성이나 간질성폐질환 진단의 민감도에서 더 우월하였다. 향후 폐확산능검사의 정상예측식으로 박 식을 사용해야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Park et al. developed the Korean reference equation for the measurement of diffusing capacity in 1985. However, the equation has not been widely used in Korea and foreign reference equations have been popularly used. We intended to compare the clinical usefulness and the accuracy of the the Korean reference equation (Park`s equation) with that of the foreign equation (Burrows` equation) that is commonly used in Korea. Methods: 1. Evaluation of clinical usefulness; Among 1,584 patients who underwent diffusing capacity (DLCO) at the Asan Medical Center from July to December 2006, group A subjects included 276 patients who had different interpretations of DLCO in trials employing Burrows` equation and Park`s equation. Clinical assessment was decided by consensus of two respiratory physicians. In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Burrows` equation and Park`s equation, agreement of clinical assessment and DLCO interpretation were measured. 2. Evaluation of accuracy; Group B subjects were 81 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and 39 normal subjects. The 81 ILD patients were diagnosed following a surgical lung biopsy. The accuracy of diagnosing ILD as well as sensitivity and specificity were evaluated according to the use of the reference equations (Burrows` equation and Park`s equation) for DLCO. Results: Agreement between clinical assessment and interpretation of DLCO was 22% for the use of Burrows` equation and 78% for the use of Park`s equation. The sensitivity and specificity of the Burrows` equation for diagnosing ILD were 64.2% and 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Park`s equation for diagnosing ILD were 90.1% and 100%. The sensitivity of the Park`s equation for diagnosing ILD was significantly higher than that of Burrows` equation (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Korean reference equation (Park`s equation) was more clinically useful and had higher sensitivity for diagnosing ILD than the foreign reference equation (Burrows` equation). (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;64:80-86)

중ㆍ고등학생들의 수학교과 호오도(好惡度)의 변화에 대한 분석

박규홍,박기양,김영국,박윤범,박혜숙,임재훈 서원대학교 교육대학원 2000 교육논총 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper we investigate and analyze the variation of secondary school student's like and dislike the school mathematics lesson. First, we investigate the reason that why students dislike mathematics in the class and we search the point of time when the students dislike mathematics in the class. Next, we investigate and analyze the variation of student's inclination to the school mathematics lesson. In this research we try the followings. 1) We analyze the variation of each level school, student's inclination to the school mathematics class, 2) We analyze the variation of student's inclination to the mathematics for each place where the school located. 3) We analyze and compare between the inclination to the mathematics lesson and to each level school. 4) We analyze and compare between the inclination to the mathematics lesson and to each factors of student's inclination From these investigation and analysis, we have the following conclusion . (1) The student's inclination to the mathematics is depend on the teacher's teaching method and on the fact that how can the mathematics lesson be composed easily. (2) The student's response was seen in the same type from the inquiry about the inclination to the mathematics lesson in the school of Seoul and small country town. This is a passing phase caused by the educational environment in Seoul and the small country town's schools is better than that of the big city or medium city. (3) The student group of the human knowledge in the general high school show the negative response for the inclination to the matheirlatics lessen compare to that of the student group of natural science in the general high school. (4) In the middle school, about half of the students dislike mathematics But such dislike rate of mathematics increased in the high school. (5) Teachers must take into consideration to the student in the first grade high school mathematics course To do this, teachers make adapt the curriculum easily for the student and must teach the mathematics to the students who can take interest in the mathematics.

筋小胞體의 ATPase Kinetics에 關한 硏究

朴映淳,李承兩,朴泰水,庾基洙,李 弘,金允坤 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구에서는 토끼 골격근 소포체에서 분리한 근소포체의 ATPase활성에 대한 일반적 특성과 수종의 2가 양이온(??)의 영향에 관한 연구를 하였다. ATPase활성과 Ca uptake에 미치는 2가 양이온의 저해 효과와 저해기작은 Dixon plot, Lineweaver-Burk plot, Hanes-Woolf plot, Woolf-Augustinsson-Hofstee plot, Eadie-Scatchard plot, Arrhenius plot등을 이용하여 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 근소포체의 ATPase는 ??과 ??의 존재하에서 활성화 되어지며 ??의 농도가 4mM일 때 ??의 최적 농도는 0.1mM이었다. 2. 근소포체의 ATPase는 ??-ATPase와 (??)-ATPase로 구성되어 있고 (??) - ATPase의 활성은 ??-ATPase의 활성보다 높았다. 3. ATPase의 활성화 에너지는 약 19Kcal/mol이었다. 4. ATPase 활성에 미치는 2가 양이온은 12.5㎛과 400㎛의 범위 내에서 이온 농도가 증가됨에 따라서 활성도는 점점 감소되었다. 5. ATPase활성율 50% 저해시키는데 2가 양이온의 농도는 Ki값과 같아서 ??, ??, ?? Pd ??에 대한 각각의 농도는 10㎛, 30㎛, 130㎛ 및 350㎛이었다. 특히 ??은 저 농도에서 (12.5-100㎛)는 활성제로, 고농도에서 (200-400㎛)는 저해제로 작용하는 것 같다. 6. 2가 양이온은 ATPase의 Km에는 변화를 주지 않으나 Vmax의 저하를 일으키는 것으로 보아 비경쟁 저해제임이 판정되었다. 7. 2가 양이온은 가역적 저해제임이 판명되었다. 8. Ca 吸收能에 대한 CuCl₂의 阻害는 50~500㎛의 CuCl₂농도에서 현저히 나타났으며 이 현상은 Ca 吸收能과 ATPase 活性과 밀접한 관계를 보여주는 것이다. General properties of the ATPase and the effects of the divalent cations (??) on the total ATPase activity of the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle were investigated in the present resent research. The inhibitory effect of divalent cations on the FSR ATPase activity and its mechanism were analyzed by various plots such as Dixon plot, Lineweaver-Burk plot, Hanes-woolf plot, Eadie-Scatchard plot and Arrhenius plot. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The FSR ATPase is activated by ?? and ??; the optimum concentration of is 0.1 mM in the presence of 4 mM MgCl₂. 2. The FSR ATPase could be distinguished as ??-ATPase and (??)-ATPase. The activity of (??)-ATPase predomiant over that of ??-ATPase. 3. The apparent energies of activation for total ATPase was approximately 19Kcal/mole. 4. The inhibitory effects of the divalent cations on the enzyme activity increased as the concentrations of the divalent cations increased in the concentrations between 12.5 and 400㎛. 5. Concentration of 50% inhibition for each divalent cation was almost identical with the inhibition constant (ki). The Ki's were 10,30,130, and 350㎛ for ??, ??, ??, and ??, respectively. ?? seemed to be anactivator at lower concentrations and an inhibior at higher concentratios. 6. The divalent cations did not change the Km but decreased the Vmax of the FRS ATPase, suggesting that they are noncompetitive inhibitors on the FSR ATPase. 7. The divalent cations were also found to be revesible inhibitors on the FSR ATPase. 8. The inhibitory effect of CuCl₂on a uptake increased as the concentration CuCl₂increased in the range between 50㎛.

홍씨 앞방각측정법의 임상적 유용성

강신희,박기호,홍철,김동명,Shin Hee Kang,M,D,Ki Ho Park,M,D,Chul Hong,M,D,Dong Myoung Kim,M,D 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose: To compare the Hong`s grading method, utilized for slit-lamp grading of the mid-peripheral angle, with other conventional grading methods. Actual angle was measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for comparison. Methods: Fifteen eyes with narrow angles and eighteen eyes with wide angles were studied. The average age of thirty-three subjects was 46.8±19.2, and the male to female ratio was 1:3.7. The mid-peripheral angle was graded by Hong`s, van Herick`s and Spaeth`s grading system. The actual anterior chamber angle was evaluated by UBM and the correlation between each grading system and actual angle was investigated. Results: The results from the Hong`s grading (r=0.802, R2=0.643, p<0.01), Spaeth`s grading (r=0.728, R2=0.530, p<0.01) and van Herick`s grading (r=0.618, R2=0.382, p<0.01) methods correlated significantly with the actual angles. Conclusions: The Hong`s grading method was an easy and effective tool to evaluate anterior chamber angle. In addition, the results of the Hong`s grading method were closer to the actual angle than the other methods.

운동선수의 임장불안에 대한 연구

홍관이,이광재,김두경,부기원,노성규,한상준,박기동,오수일,문병용,이철규,박장평,엄기진,박남환 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

This study is designed to grasp the elements and situations of stage fright in order to propose a part of ways to cope with it. We make 511 top-class high school players, male and female, in the central districts (Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, and Kangweon Province) on object of questionnaire, and get the following results. Through players generally have all-round characters they show weakness in the superiority and emotional stability while showing strength in the sonformity. This fact comes to be related to the elements which cause stage fright. Physiological changes also have many effects on the symptom of stage fright. Especially, stage fright increases when players show sensitive reaction to the self-consciousness of final consequence which comes from the tension or uneasiness of sympathetic nerve, Thus, it turns out that players make use of reducing psychological burden by physical exercise or adjusting the level of demanded result in order to release the stage fright.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증이 발생한 저위험군 발열 환자들을 대상으로 한 경구 항균제 요법의 임상적 유용성 및 안정성에 대한 연구

김연숙,이혁,기현균,김춘관,김신우,김성민,백경란,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,강원기,박찬형,박근칠,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.1

목적 : 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증을 동반한 발열이 발생하는 암환자들을 치료하기 위한 다양한 항균제와 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되고 있는 가운데, 합병증과 사망률의 발생가능성이 적은 저위험군 환자들을 대상으로 초기 72시간동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경구 항균제로 전환하는 요법의 유용성과 안정성을 평가해보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1998년 2월부터 1999년 9월까지 본원에서 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열이 발생한 환자들 가운데 기저 암질환이 고형암이거나 림프종이고, 입원당시 패혈증의 증후가 없으며 입원 72시간이내에 해열되고 백혈구수치가 증가 추세인 환자들을 대상으로 하여 72시간 동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경우 ciprofloxacin 750㎎을 하루 2회씩 투여하여 총 4일간 투여하였다. 모든 환자들은 열이 떨어지고 호중구감소증이 회복될 때까지 입원하도록 하였다. 결과 : 총 38명 환자의 40예가 등록이 되었고, 환자들의 기저암 질환은 고형함이 72.5%, 림프종이 27.5%였다. 입원당시 평균 호중구치수는 156/㎕였고, 호중구수치가 100/㎕미만인 경우는 65%였으며, 호중구감소증이 지속된 기간의 평균은 2.4일이었다. 40예 중 39예가 항균제의 변형이나 추가 없이 호중구감소증과 발열로부터 회복이 되어 97.5%의 성공율(95% 신뢰구간: 86.8-99.9%)을 보였다. 부작용으로 피부발진이 있었던 경우가 한 예 있었는데, 증상이 경하여 경구 항균제를 지속할 수 있었다. 심와부의 동통으로 복용을 지속할 수 없어서 대상에서 제외된 예가 또 한 예 있었다. 결론 : 항암요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열을 동반한 환자들 가운데 저위험군 환자들에서 항균제 72시간정주 이후 경구 항균제로의 전환요법은 효과적이고도 안전한 치료방법이라고 할 수 있다. Background : Oral antibiotic therapy following empirical intravenous antibiotics may be effective and safe for febrile neutropenic patients with lowrisk for complications. Methods : We conducted a prospective clinical trial of oral antibiotic therapy in the patients with neutropenia and fever during chemotherapy for cancer. Underlying malignancies were solid tumor or lymphoma with short duration of neurtropenia and the patients had no evidence of clinically or microbiologically documented infections. Oral ciprofloxacin was given to the patients who lacked signs of sepsis on admission, had a rising tendency of neutrophil count (ANC >100 /㎕ ) at 72 hours, and were afebrile at 72 hours. All patients were hospitalized until neutropenia and fever resolved. Results : A total of 40 episodes of 38 patients were enrolled from February 1998 to September 1999. The mean neutrophil counts on admission were 156/㎕ and the mean duration of neutropenia was 2.4 days. The episodes which had neutrophil count below 100 /㎕ were 26 (65%). Treatment was successful in 39 of 40 episodes (97.5% : 95 % confidence interval, 86.8% to 99.9%). Adverse reactions of oral ciprofloxacin were skin rash and epigastric soreness in two cases, respectively. There were no deaths during the study. Conclusions : For low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy, switch therapy to oral ciprofloxacin at 72 hours following intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics is effective and safe,