천마의 항 불안 효과

김여환,최형철,손의동,이광윤,김원준,박형배,하정희 대한생물치료정신의학회 1996 생물치료정신의학 Vol.2 No.2

천마(Gastrodia elata Blume)의 근경을 말린 것은 한방에서 오래전부터 여러 형태의 간질발작 치료 목적으로 이용되어지고 있었으나 어떤 활성물질에 의해 또 어떤 작용 기전을 통해 약리작용을 나타내는지를 충분하게 설명하지 못하고 있다. 최근 항경련 작용기전 연구 결과 천마추출물의 GABA성 신경전달계에 대한 조절작용과 관련이 있을 것이라는 연구 결과가 보고되었으며, 소량으로도 뇌억제 및 진정작용이 있다는 문헌을 참고하여 볼 때 천마의 항불안 작용 가능성이 시사되었다. 이에 본 연구를 통하여 천마를 사용하여 실험동물에서 항불안 작용을 검색하고 그 작용기전의 일부를 밝히고자 항불안작용 기전에 중요한 benzodiazepine 수용체와의 상호작용을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 천마 추출물의 경구 장기투여는 생쥐의 elevated plus maze 검사에서 개방 통로에로의 진입 및 개방통로에서의 체류시간을 증가시킴으로써 항불안 효과를 나타내었다. 천마의 에탄올 추출물은 benzodiazepine수용체 길항제인 [³H] Ro15-1788결합을 억제하였으며, 천마 추출물은 [³H] Ro15-1788의 수용체 결합에 대한 최대 결합력(Bmax)은 변화시키지 않고, 친화력(affinity)을 감소시킴으로써 상경적인 결합 양상을 나타내었다. 또 천마의 에탄올 추출물은 benzodiazepine 수용체의 효현제인 flunitrazepam의 수용체 결합반응을 억제시켰는데, 이러한 억제는 GABA 존재하에서 항진되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 천마의 에탄올추출물 내에는 항불안작용을 나타내는 성분이 함유되어 있을 가능성을 예상케한다. Gastrodia elata Blume is a medicinal plant which has been used as anticonvulsant in oriental medicine, and has been used as sedatives. A survey of the relevant literature has indicated that the putative anxiolytic activity of G.elata Bl. has not been scientifically investigated. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess anxiolytic property and interaction with benzodiazepine receptor of G. elata BI. The putative anxiolytic activity of ethanol extract of G. elata BI. was performed in mice using an elevated plus maze paradigm. Chronic oral administration of G. elata BI. showed anxiolytic action in mice. It was suggested that regulation of GABAergic neurotarnsmission may be important in the action of G. elata BI. The interaction of G. elata BI. with benzodiazepine receptor was investigated using rat cortices. Ethanol extract of G. elata inhibited the binding of [³H] Ro15-1788, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist to benzodiazepine receptor. The inhibition of [³H] Ro15-1788 binding by G. elata BI. appeared to be competitive. Further, GABA significantly enhanced the potency of this extract in inhibiting [³H] flunitrazepam, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist, binding to benzodiazepine receptor. From these findings, it can be concluded that substance or substances with neurochemical properties characteristic of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist may contribute to the anxiolytic property of G. elata BI.

전국 10개 종합병원 중환자실 환자의 직장내 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE) 보균율, 보균의 위험요인 및 유전적 다양성 조사

정희진,송준영,엄중식,김우주,최선주,최정현,이혁,정문현,이광미,신동현,손보라,최종성,우흥정,권정아,이경원,최강원,박승철 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

일반건강측정표를 이용한 일부지역 주민의 스트레스 수준에 관한 연구

오수성,이광섭,손석준,최진수,이정애,Oh, Soo-Sung,Lee, Kwang-Seub,Sohn, Seok-Joon,Choi, Jin-Su,Rhee, Jung-Ae 대한예방의학회 1995 예방의학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study investigated the stress of community residents in Kwang-Ju and Chonnam areas by using the General Health questionnaire(GHQ-60) as a instrument of stress measurement. The number of subjects were 445 residents who lived in three areas(large city, middle city, and rural area) and they were individually interviewed in March, 1994. The results of study showed that the degrees of stress measured by GHQ-60 were statistically significant in the residents' area, age, sex variables: (a) the residents in middle city among three areas had the highest level of stress; (b) the residents who were more than 60 in age had the highest level of stress: (c) the female residents had more stress than male residents, (d) particularly, the residents who were more than 60 years old in the middle city had the highest level of stress. Further, the results of factor analysis showed that there were three factors of social dysfunction, depression and anxiety and psychosomatic symptom. The social dysfunction factor was statistically significant in both age and resident area variables. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the residents' area, age, sex variables. The psychosomatic symptom factor was statistically significant in both age and sex variables. The study suggested that they should give a special attention to solve the old people's stress because stress was closely related to residents' age.

痲醉前 投藥劑 Diazepam 및 Atropine Sulfate 常用量投子가 미치는 血漿 Triiodothyronine値

孫益鍾,김동국,金光模,李浚洪,梁成勳 朝鮮大學校 醫學硏究所 1979 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.- No.-

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of premedicants, diazepam and atropine sulfate in ten surgical patients by determining human trnodothyronine level in plasma. Triosorb M-125 was utilized as a kit which provides a quantitative measure of thyroid function. The sex ratio between male and female patients was 3:7, mean ages 40.1±9.82 and average body weights 56.1±4.01kg. The plasma triiodothyronine level before administration of premedicants was 25.90±2.04% and at 60 minutes after administration of premedicants it was 25.52±2.03% so that the clinical significance of the experimental result was absent. Consequently there was statistically no significant change in human plasma triiodothyro-nine level during one hour of premedication.

단기 유전독성시험법을 이용한 근로작업환경의 위해성 평가에 관한 연구

손수정,김종원,한의식,엄미옥,강혁준,강일현,변은경,장은철,권영준,이수진,길광섭,오혜영 식품의약품안전청 1998 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.2 No.-

국내 8개 인쇄업체의 혼합 유기용매에 직업적으로 노출된 근로자 51명의 유전독성을 평가하고자 사람 말초혈액을 이용한 염색체이상시험과 세포질 분열억제 소핵시험을 시시하였다. 흡연과 작업기간등을 고려하여 일반직 근무자를 대조군으로 선정하였으며,발암물질인 mitomycin C와 혼합 유기용매의 병용효가도 비교, 관찰하엿다. 혼합 유기용매에 폭로된 작업장 근로자에서 소핵 생셩빈도가 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하엿으며, 이는 작업기간별로 소핵 빈도를관찰하엿을 때에도 유의한 증가를 나타내엿다. 작업장 근로자와 대조군으 ㅣ말초혈애게 mitomycin C를 처리한 결과에서도 작업장 근로자에서 농도 의존적으로 소핵이 유의하게 증가함이 관찰되엇다. 염색체이상시험 결과에서는 작업장 근로자와 대조군 비교 시 유의성 잇은 차이를 나타내지 않앗으며, 작업기간,흡연,mitomycin C 처리 등의 유무에 따라서도 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. The popula'tion monitoring study was performed by using the chromosome aberration assay and the cytokinesis-:blocked micronucleus assay to investigate whether occupational exposure tonixed organic solvents are genotoltic to workers. The blood samples were collected from fifty one malepresser and matched controls in Seoul area. Smoking habits a]Id duration of employment were fatteninto account. Also, we focu.sod on the synergic effects of organfc sotvents and a DHA damaging agentmitomycin C(MMC). The frequencfes of mieroaucleus in periphffral Iymphocytes from worlters erposedto organic sotvents were significantly different in comparision with control subjects. Alse there weresignificant differences in tOe frequencies of micronucleus by duration of exposure. The combined expo-sure of the cells to the organic solvents with MMC showed synergic effect in cytoBtinesis-blocked micro-aucleus assay- The frequency of chromosome aberrations did not show any increase.

痲醉前 投藥劑 Diazepam 및 Atropine Sulfate 常用量 投子가 미치는 血漿 Triiodothyronine値

孫益鍾,金東?,金光模,李浚洪,梁成勳 順天鄕大學校 1979 의대논문집 Vol.4 No.-

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of premedicants, diazepam and atropine sulfate in ten surgical patients by determining human triiodothyronine level in plasma. Triosorb M-125 was utilized as a kit which provides a quantitative measure of thyroid function. The sex ratio between male and female patients was 3:7, mean ages 40.1±9.82 and average body weights 56.1±4.01Kg. The plasma triiodothyronine level before administration of prernedicants was 25.90±2.04% and at 60 minutes after administration of prernedicants it was 25.53±2.03% so that the clinical significance of the experimental result was absent. Consequently there was statistically no significant change in human plasma triiodothyronine level during one hour of premedication.

세균 내독소 유발 혈관 저반응성에 대한 NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester와 Methylene blue의 영향

손의동,이광윤,하정희,김원준,최형철 영남대학교 의과대학 1997 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.14 No.2

세균 내독소에 의하여 발생하는 패혈성 쇼크와 혈관 반응성 감소의 원인을 관찰하였다. 혈관 절편이 고정된 실험조에 세균 내독소 0.2mg 투여한 경우 36±3.65 nM NO가 발생되었고, NO 발생에 의한 혈관 이완효과를 억제하기 위해 전처치한 L-NAME, methylene blue는 혈관 절편의 phenylephrine (PE) 유발 수축 반응을 증가시켰으며 methylene blue에 의해 더 강한 수축 반응의 증가가 관찰되었다. 이때 혈관 내피세포가 존재할 경우에 PE에 대한 혈관 반응성이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. 세균 내독소 투여에 의해 acetylcholine 유발 혈관 이완은 증가되는 경향을 나타내었고, 전처치한 L-NAME, methylene blue에 의해 혈관 절편의 acetylcholine (ACh) 유발 이완은 억제되었으며 methylene blue에 의해 현저히 억제되었다. 그러나 세균 내독소를 투여하지 않은 군의 ACh 유발 혈관 이완 반응은 methylene blue에 의해서만 억제되었다. 결론적으로 세균 내독소에 의한 혈관 반응성 감소와 혈관 이완 반응은 NO가 발생되어 guanylyl cyclass를 활성화하여 유발된다고 생각되며, 세균 내독소에 의한 효과는 L-arginine·NO pathway 보다는 cyclic GMP 신호전달계를 경유한 경로에서 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다. This study was undertaken to examine the intensity of involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclic GMP signal transduction pathway as one of the mechanisms of vaso-relaxative action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the canine femoral artery strips. Canine femoral arteries were isolated and spiral strips of 10 mm long and 2 mm wide were made in the Tyrode solution of 0-4℃. The strips were prepared for isometric myography in Biancani's isolated muscle chamber containing 1 ml of Tyrode solution, which was maintained with pH 7.4 by aeration with 95% O₂/5% CO₂ at 37℃ and nitric oxide (NO) production was measured simulltaneously with isolated nitric oxide meter. LPS induced NO production, suppressed the phenylephrine (PE) induced contraction and enhanced the acetylcholine (ACh) induced realxation. NG-intro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an NOS inhibitor, methylene blue, a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, potentiated PE induced contraction and suppressed ACh induced relaxation on the LPS treated strips. The inhibitory potency of methylene blue for LPS induced vascular hyporesponsiveness was stronger than that of L-NAME. These results suggest that in canine femoral artery, both iNOs and cyclic GMP signal trnasduction pathway are related with LPS induced vascular hyporeponsiveness, but in minor with iNOS and in major with cyclic GMP signal trnasduction pathway.

Investigation of Resonant Wavelength Separation in Microband-induced Fiber Gratings

Sohn Kyung-Rak,Shim Joon-Hwan,Kim Kwang-Taek Optical Society of Korea 2006 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.10 No.2

In microband-induced fiber gratings, polarization properties and birefringence are investigated as a function of an applied line force. With the transmission curves associated with the maximum and minimum resonant wavelengths, the polarization-dependent behaviors are analyzed. By increasing the transverse line force, the resonance wavelength for an incident light polarized to the same direction of the force is blue-shifted as much as 0.69 nm/(N/cm) while that for the other polarization is insensitive. Using the resonant wavelength separation corresponding to the force variation, the transverse effective index change or modal birefringence variation is obtained. The ratio of modal birefringence versus applied line force is ${\Delta}B/{\Delta}f_x={\sim}8.38{\times}10^{-7}$.

Role of Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Undergo Prior Transarterial Chemoembolization: Long-Term Outcomes and Predictive Factors

( Won Sohn ),( Moon Seok Choi ),( Ju Yeon Cho ),( Geum Youn Gwak ),( Yong Han Paik ),( Joon Hyeok Lee ),( Kwang Cheol Koh ),( Seung Woon Paik ),( Byung Chul Yoo ) 대한소화기학회 2014 Gut and Liver Vol.8 No.5

Background/Aims: The role of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remains uncertain in patients with viable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods: A total of 101 patients (April 2007 to August 2010) underwent RFA for residual or recurrent HCC after TACE. We analyzed their long-term outcomes and predictive factors. Results: The overall survival rates after RFA were 93.1%, 65.4%, and 61.0% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Predictive factors for favorable overall survival were Child- Pugh class A (hazard ratio [HR], 3.45; p=0.001), serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level <20 ng/mL (HR, 2.90; p=0.02), and recurrent tumors after the last TACE (HR, 3.14; p=0.007). The cumulative recurrence-free survival rate after RFA at 6 months was 50.1%. Predictive factors for early recurrence (within 6 months) were serum AFP level ≥20 ng/mL (HR, 3.02; p<0.001), tumor size ≥30 mm at RFA (HR, 2.90; p=0.005), and nonresponse to the last TACE (HR, 2.13; p=0.013). Conclusions: Patients with recurrent or residual HCC who undergo prior TACE show a favorable overall survival, although their tumors seem to recur early and frequently. While good liver function, a low serum AFP level, and recurrent tumors were independent predictive factors for a favorable overall survival, poor response to TACE, a high serum AFP level, and large tumors are associated with early recurrence. (Gut Liver 2014;8:543-551)