법률행위로 인한 관습법상 법정지상권 폐지와 법정임대차 도입- 민법 개정안을 중심으로 -

권영준 한국민사법학회 2014 民事法學 Vol.68 No.-

The abolition of the customary superficies and the adoption of thestatutory lease– A study on the Draft of the Civil Code Amendment –Kwon, YoungjoonThe Korean Civil Code (hereinafter “KCC”), which was first enactedback in 1960, is a fundamental norm governing legal relationships amongprivate entities. Since the enactment of the KCC, Korean society hasexperienced drastic changes in various aspects. However, the KCC hasnever been comprehensively amended up to now. Against this backdrop,there has been a constant call for the comprehensive amendment of theKCC. In response, the Ministry of Justice has carried out an ambitiouslegal project of amending the KCC since 2009. As of January 2014, thefinal amendment draft is about to be completed. This article aims toaddress major changes envisaged in the draft specifically concerning theabolition of the customary superficies. Customary superficies, according to the legal precedents, endows abuilding owner the right of superficies even without agreement with aland owner or relevant legal provisions creating such superficies undercertain conditions. The main function of this customary right is to protectpublic interest inherent in the existence of a building. When the ownershipof land and the building thereon, once attributed to the same owner,belong to different owners due to whatever legal reasons including sale orpublic auction, the building owner can claim the right of customarysuperficies against the land owner so long as there is no contract to teardown the building. This is specific legal device to protect building owner권영준 : 법률행위로 인한 관습법상 법정지상권 폐지와 법정임대차 도입 41in a jurisdiction where the ownership of land and a building can beseparated. The customary superficies was first acknowledged in 1916 by ChosunHigh Court. Since then, there has been much debate over whether or notsuch custom had existed in Korea. In particular, there has been heavycriticism on conferring too strong right to a building owner in case of salewhen she could have made a contract with a land owner to securerelevant right to use land. This led to the current draft, which abolishesthe customary superficies in case of sale, while converting the customarysuperficies in case of public auction into legal superficies by creatingadditional provisions to that effect. In the case, the statutory lease contractwill be acknowledged for 10 years after the ownership over land and abuilding belong to different owners. This provides interim protection for abuilding owner, but not as formidable as customary superficies. It remains to be seen whether or not this draft will finally be enactedin the near future. Yet, the draft itself is certainly worthy of beingreviewed from an academic point of view even before its enactment.

화학공정용 전동기에 사용된 3D 프린팅 플라스틱 볼베어링의 내화학성 평가 및 현장적용 연구

권영준,노명규 한국트라이볼로지학회 2023 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.39 No.1

Fluid pumps in chemical processes are typically driven by electric motors. Even if the motor is separated from the pump with seals, wear resulting from friction and misalignment can lead to leakage of chemical fluid, causing corrosion in the bearing supporting the motor, and, eventually, failure of the motor. It is thus a standard procedure to replace bearings at regular intervals. In this article, we propose 3D-printed plastic ball bearings for use as an alternative to commercial stainless-steel ball bearings. The plastic bearings are easy to manufacture, require less time to replace, and are chemically resistant. To validate the applicability of the plastic bearings, we first conducted chemical resistance tests. Bearings were immersed in 30 caustic acid and 30 nitric acid for 30 min and 24 h, respectively. The test results showed no corrosive damage to the bearings. A test rig was set up to compare the performance of the plastic bearings with that of the commercially equivalent deep-groove ball bearings. Loading test results showed that the plastic bearings performed as well as the commercial bearing in terms of vibration level and load-handling capability. Finally, a plastic bearing was subjected to a clean-in-place process for three months. It actually outperformed the commercial bearing in terms of chemical resistance. Thus, 3D-printed plastic bearings are a viable alternative to stainless-steel ball bearings.

불법행위와 금지청구권 : eBay vs. MercExchange 판결을 읽고

권영준 서울대학교 기술과법센터 2008 Law & technology Vol.4 No.2

미국 연방대법원은 2006년 5월 15일 eBay vs. MercExchange 판결에서 특허권침해에 대하여 자동적으로 금지명령을 부여하여 오던 연방순회항소법원의 입장에 쐐기를 박고, 형평법상 이념이 요구하는 요건들을 검토하여 법원의 재량에 따라 금지명령의 발령 여부를 결정하여야 한다고 판시하였다. 이 판결은 특허권침해에 대한 구제에 있어서 경직성과 도식성을 타파하고 형평성, 유연성, 기능성을 제고하려는 의미를 가진다. 이러한 사고는 우리 민법상 불법행위와 그에 대한 구제수단으로서의 금지청구권에 관하여 시사하는 바가 있다. 우리 민법 제750조는 불법행위에 대한 구제수단으로 손해배상원칙을 채택하고 있다. 이에 따라 금지청구권은 불법행위에 대한 일반적 구제수단으로 인정되지 않는다. 그러나 불법행위법의 목적을 손해회복과 손해예방 중 어디에 두더라도 금지청구권은 그 목적달성에 반드시 필요한 구제수단이다. 나아가 현실적으로 이러한 구제수단이 부여되어야 마땅한 상황도 적지 않다. 따라서 입법론으로서는 불법행위에 대한 구제수단으로 금지청구권을 인정할 필요성이 크다. 그 뿐만 아니라 현행법상 해석론으로도 금지청구권을 인정하여야 마땅한 개별적 사안에서는 이른바 전체유추의 방식으로 이를 예외적으로 허용할 수 있을 것이다. 민법 제214조, 제217조, 제389조 제3항, 제764조, 부정경쟁방지법 제4조 등에 공통적으로 존재하는 법의 일반원칙, 즉 “피해자는 침해로부터 회복될 수 있는 가장 적절하고 유효한 수단에 의하여 구제되어야 한다”는 정신이 이러한 전체유추의 근거가 될 것이다. 지나치게 경직되었던 특허권침해의 구제법에 있어서 권리와 구제수단 사이의 유연성, 형평성, 기능성의 정신을 되살리고자 하였던 eBay vs. MercExchange 판결은 같은 정신을 공유하는 위와 같은 시도에 하나의 단초가될수있을것이다. The Supreme Court of the United States has held, in its decision on eBay vs. MercExchange on May. 15, 2006, that injunction against patent infringement should be issued only after contemplating on four factors required under the law of equity. This decision was an warning to the rigid rule by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit since mid-1980s, that injunction is automatically issued in case of patent infringement. Allowing more flexibility and discretion in a remedy in order to fully achieve the notion of equity, has significant implication on Korean tort law as well. Monetary damage is the sole remedy against tortious acts, according to the Korean Civil Code, whereas injunction is not allowed as a general remedy for torts unless otherwise specified by other provisions. However, granting injunction can be an adequate and efficient tool in accomplishing the goal of the tort law. Furthermore, there are not a few cases in which fair outcomes can be ensured only by granting injunction. Therefore, it is pertinent that the civil code be amended to adopt injunction as a general remedy for tortious acts. Even prior to the amendment, it would still be possible to issue injunction by way of analogy when the case highly demands so. Article 214, 217, 389, 764 of the Korean Civil Code, along with article 4 of the Unfair Competition Act, all share the legal principle that the victim of the infringement should be entitled to the most appropriate remedy. This principle that permeates the whole body of civil law, can serve as a ground for injunction against torts. In that sense, the emphasis on the principle of law of equity, shown in the eBay decision, is something that is in line with what is proposed in this article.

장기영 전 비서 김상철씨 증언 : 한비 사카린 밀수사건은 장기영의 작품이었다

권영준 사회평론 1994 사회평론 길 Vol.94 No.9

특허권 남용의 법리와 그 관련 문제

권영준 한국지식재산학회 2011 産業財産權 Vol.- No.36

As the significance of the patent grows sharply in the modern society, the number of patent litigations is also on the rise. The defense based on patent misuse is often raised in the patent infringement litigations. In Korea, this defense is based on the Article 2 of the Korean Civil Code in which the principle of good faith and the prohibition of the abuse of right is stipulated. This is due to the fact that there is no explicit provision on patent abuse in Korea. The doctrine of the abuse of right has been applied to various types of litigations, in particular to the land ownership related cases. One noteworthy trend in a series of relevant court decisions is that the courts tend to emphasize the subjective requirement, that is an intention to harm the defendant. However, this doctrine in its original context has seldom been used in the patent litigations. Rather, the Korean Supreme Court has applied this doctrine in order to reject a patent lawsuit based on the seemingly invalid patent. According to the Korean patent regime, the general courts adjudicating patent infringement lawsuits are not allowed to declare the invalidity of patent. The power of declaring the patent invalid is solely given to the Patent Office. However, the Supreme Court has used the doctrine of right of abuse as one of the vehicles that helps the court bypass this hurdle, thereby entitling the general courts to adjudicate cases based on its own judgment on the invalidity of patent. According to the Supreme Court, exercising the patent which has defects that will evidently render the patent invalid in the future is deemed patent misuse. Considering that patent misuse rests on the idea that patent should not be given broader protection than it deserves, this article went on to touch upon related issues, such as the flexibility in ordering an injunction as is shown in the famous ebay case in the U.S. Supreme Court, the requirement of "the necessity to order a preliminary injunction" in the preliminary injunction procedure in Korea, and the antitrust concerns in determining the patent misuse defense.

이행이익, 신뢰이익, 중복배상 - 지출비용과 일실이익의 배상청구와 관련하여 -

권영준 대한변호사협회 2020 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol. No.

계약 해제와 더불어 채무불이행으로 인한 손해배상을 구할 경우 이행이익 배상이 원칙이지만 “그에 갈음하여” 신뢰이익 배상을 받을 수도 있다는 것이 판례의 태도이다. 이와 관련하여 이행이익과 신뢰이익 배상은 택일적 관계에 있으므로 양자의 중복 청구는 허용되지 않는다는 의문이 제기될 수 있다. 상대방의 계약 이행을 믿고 지출한 비용과 상대방이 계약을 제대로 이행하였더라면 얻었을 일실이익을 함께 구할 수 있는가가 그 전형적인 문제 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 이 글에서는 이러한 문제 상황을 염두에 두고, 이행이익과 신뢰이익의 관계, 나아가 양자를 동시에 구할 경우 발생할 수 있는 중복배상의 법리에 대해 검토하였다. 그 검토 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 지출비용을 포함한 제반 비용을 공제한 순이익으로서의 일실이익 배상을 구하면서 그와 별도로 지출비용 배상을 구하는 것은 법적으로나 경제적으로 별도 항목의 손해를 구하는 것이므로 중복배상청구에 해당하지 않는다. 이와 다른 취지로 읽힐 여지가 있는 판례도 있으나, 그 판례를 포함하여 전반적인 판례의 흐름을 종합적으로 검토하면 동일한 결론에 이를 수 있다. 이는 우리나라 뿐만 아니라 미국, 영국, 독일, 일본 등 다른 나라의 학설 내지 판례에 의하여 일반적으로 확인되고 있는 법리이다. It is the position of the Korean Supreme Court precedents that an obligee, in case where a contract is terminated due to the breach by an obligor, is entitled to damages for performance interest while he/she may seek damages for reliance interest in lieu of performance interest. A question may arise as to whether or not seeking damages both for performance interest and reliance interest at the same time is allowed, and whether or not it may be deemed double compensation. The typical situation under which this question arises is where the obligee seeks costs that he/she had spent in reliance of the obligor’s due performance as reliance damages while the same obligee additionally seeks lost profit that he/she could have earned if the obligor had duly performed as performance damages. This article address the relationship between performance and reliance interest, and the issue of double compensation in relation to the aformentioned situation. Conclusion can be summarized as follows. If the obligor seeks net lost profit, meaning that all the expenses including pre-spent costs, as performance damages while he/she seeks costs that were not reflected in the net profit, then such claims are not deemed double compensation since each claim reflects separate and different loss. There are some Supreme Court precedents that may be read otherwise. However, after reviewing the whole body of the relevent legal precedents including the aformentioned precedents, the above conclusion can also be justified under Korean case law. The same doctrine is also gnerally recognized in other jurisdictions including USA, UK, Germany and Japan.

인터넷 상 情報에 대한 接近및 取得行爲의 違法性

권영준 서울대학교 기술과법센터 2007 Law & technology Vol.3 No.5

Can the information-holder on the Internet control the flow of information within his boundary even when he does not possess any proprietary right over the information? What if someone accesses to the information and obtain it without any approval? This article intends to provide comprehensive responses to these fundamental issues, mainly from the Korean perspective. To facilitate the analysis, eBay Inc. vs. Bidder’s Edge, Inc, one of the landmark U.S. court decisions in this regard, is introduced and examined here. This article categorizes a wide variety of disputes into three types. The first type is the proprietary dispute, focusing on the protection of computer system as a chattel. The traditional trespass theory will be applied, and actual harm will be required to justify injunctions. The Second type is the access dispute. The article 48 of the“ Information Network Act”in Korea will play a crucial role in determining the unlawfulness of the access on the Internet. The interpretation of the above article requires the balance between information holders and the information users. The third and the final type is the information property related dispute. Laws on Intellectual property right and related legislations will govern this type of dispute. To narrow down the gap between the body of traditional legal theory and the recent changes in the legal environment brought on by technological advances, a new set of legal norms is needed. Korea has been responding to this challenge by legislating relevant acts in an ad hoc way. Relatively few attention has been devoted to the whole frame of norms with regard to the unlawfulness issue in response to the Internet. This article, however, endeavors to emphasize the systematic and comprehensive approach and to suggest the general standards by which unlawfulness of the information related disputes can be measured.

제언 - 산업재해 발생 후 빠른 보고와 빠른 치료의 중요성

권영준,Gwon, Yeong-Jun 대한산업보건협회 2012 산업보건 Vol.290 No.-

環境保存敎育의 課題

權寧駿 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1988 과학교육연구 Vol.20 No.1

Recently the problem of the preservation of environment has become to ours as the most important issues. It is seemed that the problem is worked out by rhe education, It is recommended that the following subjects are treated in school education and social education. 1. The importance of environmental preservation. 2. The status of air pollution, its main cause and its preventation scheme. 3. The status of water pollution, its main cause and its preventation scheme. 4. The status of lithosphere damage, its main cause and its preservation scheme. 5. The status of biosphere preservation, its disruption cause and its protection scheme. 6. Lowering of environment accompanied with increasing human carring capacity.

Preparation and Characterization of polypropylene/diamine grafted graphene nanocomposites

권영준,신지항,샨묵하라즈,류승훈 한국고분자학회 2013 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2013 No.4