정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Evans 증후군 1례

장성익,이의재,황성수,이경일,이원익,이준성 최신의학사 1990 最新醫學 Vol.33 No.1

분할 기법을 이용한 3차원 얼굴 형상의 추출

김익동,이준재,심재창 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2002 공업기술연구 Vol.2 No.-

This paper proposes a 3D facial reconstruction method using segmentation method. 3D laser scanner, which is based on the laser triangulation, projects a sheet beam on the face in horizontal. At the same time, laser profile images are captured by CCD camera. Center profiles should be extracted from the all profile images. And the depths of those profiles are composed as a 3D face. Generally, when we use laser, it must be used with low wavelength to remove the harm to the body, especially eyes, It makes laser occluded at some region such as hair, chin and the edge of the face. It makes 3D reconstruction more difficult. Proposed method segments a 3D face into FSFS, SSFS and IFS depending on laser intensity reflection coefficient. Each segment was extracted with different algorithm. Finally, those are composed of 2D point cloud of facial depth. As a result, we can get a more reliable 3D face.

흰쥐 앞뇌중격부의 콜린성신경세포에서 Nerve Growth Factor 및 Galanin 의 공존

고기석,장병준,조익현 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

Mammalian forebrain septal area, which is closely concerned in learning and memory, contains a lot of cholinergic neurons. It has been well-known that these neurons have high levels of some neurosubstances including acetylcholine. It has been reported that galanin as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter and a nerve growth factor(NGF) as a neurotrophic factor are densely localized in rat forebrain septal area. However, the precise localization, co-localization and correlation between these neurosubstances have not been clearly elucidated yet. To identify the co-localization of these substances in rat forebrain septal area, immunohistochemistry using antibodies to choline acetyltransferase(ChAT), NGF and galanin has been accomplished on serial paraffin-sections of forebrain septal area. 1. High concentrations of ChAT, NGF and galanin positive neurons were observed in the medial septal nucleus(MS) and the diagonal bands of Broca(DBB) in the basal forebrain. 2. Approximately 80.6% of cholinergic neurons were NGF positive, and 78.0% of the neurons were galanin positive, and 71.6% of the cells exhibited positive reaction for both substances, in the forebrain septal area. 3. Some of ChAT, NGF and galanin positive neurons were distributed individually in the forebrain septal area. Based on the results mentioned above, it could be concluded that NGF and galanin were co-localized in most cholinergic neurons of the forebrain septal area. It seems that there are functional reciprocal between these substances in the forebrain septal area.

미세 골절 진달을 위한 초음파 C-scan의 활용 가능성

박원근,최민주,이원흠,이윤준,이헌주,강창익,박전홍 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

The study examines the medical potential of an ultrasonic C-scanning technique and for diagnosis of the fatigue induced micro-fractures of the bone. In general, it is not easy to detect the micro­fracture by a simple radiological technique. In the study, the micro­fractures were made on the tibia taken from pigs using a three point bending. Comparison was made between the ultrasonic C-scan images (25 MHz) and X-ray images of the bones with the micro-fractures, It was found that the micro-fractures invisible on the X-ray images were observed on the ultrasonic images. It is proposed further in-vitro and in-vivo studies making the ultrasonic C-scan technique clinically useful for the diagnosis of the fatigued induced micro-fractures of the bone which are not possible to detect by the conventional radiological method.

파킨슨씨병 환자에 있어서 자가부신수질 이식술

정상섭,박상근,오성훈,김선호,윤도흠,박정수,양우익,최인준,안영수,김경환,박창일,김진수,이현철 대한신경외과학회 1988 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.17 No.6

Recent experimental studies and clinical cases have suggested that grafting tissue from the adrenal medulla into the brain may alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Autologous adrenal medullary grafts into the striatum was performed stereotactically in two patients with Parkinson's disease. Both patients were bedridden preoperatively, but 4 months after the surgery both became ambulatory and one was even capable of returning to his job. Even though the number of cases was small⑵ and the follow-up period was short, this study shows that adrenal medullary transplantation into the striatum may have some beneficial effects in patient with Parkinson's disease. Further experimental and clinical trials are necessary to see whether this procedure will be a recommendable surgical treatment for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease.

A Study on the Emotional Expressions and Users` Tendency toward Emoticon

( Ik Joon Chang ) 한국기초조형학회 2015 기초조형학연구 Vol.16 No.1

모바일 메신저 서비스에서 이모티콘은 비언어적인 요소로서 감정을 전달하고 분위기를 조절하는 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 이용자가 이모티콘을 통해 전달하는 감정에 대해 조사하고 이용자 빈도에 따른 감정별 성향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 제임스 러셀(James Russell)의 연구에서 나타난 감정 원형 모형((A Circumplex Model of Affect)에서 구분한 28가지의 감정 집단을 기준으로 사람들이 이용하는 이모티콘의 감정을 분류하였다. 사용자에 대한 이모티콘 설문 조사에 따르면, 사람들이 사용하고 있는 이모티콘들은 크게 긍정적인 감정과 부정적인 감정으로 나뉘었으나, 감정의 분류에 들어가지 않은 의사 전달의 성향을 띄고 있는 이모티콘도 약 17% 정도를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 의사 전달의 성향은 모바일 메신저 서비스에서 이모티콘의 사용빈도가 높은 사람들일수록 두드러지는 경향을 나타냈는데, 이는 이모티콘이 비언어적인 요소임에도 사람들과의 커뮤니케이션에서 의사를 전달할수 있는 중요한 역할로 발전하고 있음을 보여 준다. 결론적으로 기존의 모바일 메신저에서 이모티콘은 커뮤니케이션의 도구적 기능이라는 관점에서 감정을 전달하는 것에 주 목적을 두었으나, 향후 서비스의 발전 방향에 따라 언어적인 표현으로의 역할이 확대될 것으로 기대된다. Emoticon plays a role of conveying emotions and creating communication atmosphere as nonverbal element in mobile messenger service. This study aims to examine the emotions delivered by emoticon and analyze emotional tendencies by user’s use frequency. To attain the objective, the emotions that emoticons represent were classified according to Circumplex Model of Affect of James Russell that suggests 28 emotional groups. For this study, a survey was conducted and the results showed that the emoticons used by users were largely categorized as positive and negative emotion group. In addition, it was found that about 17% of the emoticons were means of non-emotional communication. Furthermore, it was proven that those who use emoticons more in communication have higher tendency of communication. It revealed that emoticons have developed into an important part of communication between people though they are nonverbal element of communication. In conclusion, while attention has been paid to the functional aspects of emoticons as means of communication in mobile messenger until now, this study shows that emoticons have potential of playing a role of verbal communication as they expand further in future.

Overview of Immunoelectron Microscopy

Park, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Hong Lim,Chang, Byung-Joon,Lee, Sang Hoon,Chang, Byung Soo,Bae, Chun-Sik,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Kim, Dong Heui,Han, Jung-Mi,Na, Ji Eun,Choi, Byung-Jin,Kim, Sang-Sik,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Jee Korean Society of Microscopy 2018 Applied microscopy Vol.48 No.4

Immunoelectron microscopy using an antigen-antibody reaction in an electron microscope is a very useful tool to identify the components of a tissue in an electron microscope. Many researchers also use immunoelectron microscopy. Nonetheless, immunoelectron microscopy is rarely introduced systematically, and immunoelectron microscopy can be carried out without fully understanding the principles, and cases of poor understanding can often be seen in the vicinity. Therefore, in order to make it easier to understand, we will first introduce the principles of immunoelectron microscopy and describe practical methods.

간 종양의 방사선치료에서 위내용적과 종양 위치 간의 관계

전미진,이창걸,이익재,최원훈,최윤선,신동봉,김종대,김세준,하진숙,조윤진,Jeon, Mi-Jin,Lee, Chang-Geol,Lee, Ik-Jae,Choi, Won-Hoon,Choi, Yun-Sun,Shin, Dong-Bong,Kim, Jong-Dae,Kim, Sei-Joon,Ha, Jin-Suk,Cho, Yoon-Jin 대한방사선치료학회 2010 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: It aims to evaluate the location change and tendency of hepatic and intrahepatic tumors according to gastric volume and change of location. Materials and Methods: It studied 9 patients with hepatic tumors who visited Gangnam Severance Hospital from March 2009 to April 2010 and who underwent CT or PET (Positron Emission Tomography) within 2 weeks before CT-simulation. The patients fasted for 6 hours before CT-simulation and drank 240~250 cc of water just before CT or PET for image fusion. Those two types of images were fused to RTP (Radiation Treatment Planning, Pinnacle 8.0h) focusing on bone structure of individual patients. Results: They drank 240~260 cc of water but their stomach volume after drinking water varied from 259.3 cc to 495.4 cc. Even though individual differences existed in the change of stomach volume before and after drinking water, the volume was increased by 130 cc (174%) on average. The change in absolute distance between the centers of tumors ranged from 0.52 cm to 3.04 cm (1.52 cm on average); from 0.1 cm to 1.35 cm (0.44 cm on average) in cranial-caudal direction; from 0.05 cm to 2.75 cm (1.22 cm on average) in left-right direction; and from 0.05 cm to 1.85 cm (0.33 cm on average) in ventral-dorsal direction. Conclusion: It is hard to predict the movement of tumors by observing stomach movement, due to great individual differences; however, it was observed that the location of hepatic tumors was right-sided as the stomach was filled with water. Thus, it is recommended to maintain the fastened state to secure the accuracy of hepatic tumor treatment. If it cannot maintain the fastened state, it is recommended to measure stomach volumes and movement in the patient to consider the movement of hepatic tumors before radiation treatment.

랫드 수초좌골신경섬유에서 Neurofascin분포에 대한 면역세포화학적 연구

장병화,유관희,이종환,조익현,배춘식,박창현,한정미,최농훈,장병준,Chang, Byung-Hwa,You, Kwan-Hee,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Bae, Chun-Sik,Park, Chang-Hyun,Han, Jeong-Mi,Choe, Nong-Hoon,Chang, Byung-Joon 한국현미경학회 2006 Applied microscopy Vol.36 No.2

Neurofascin은 L1CAM의 하나로 신경섬유의 발달과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 말초신경의 수초형성과 관련된 neurofascin의 역할을 알아볼 목적으로 면역형광염색과 면역전자현미경기법을 이용하여 랫드의 수초좌골신경섬유에서 neurofascin의 분포를 추구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.수초형성이 진행됨에 따라 좌골신경섬유에서 neurofascin 분포는 매우 심하게 변화되었다. 2. 수초신경섬유에서 neurofascin은 Ranvier마디에서 약하게 국재하였다. 3. Neurofascin은 수초신경섬유의 paranodal loop, Schmidt-Lantermann incisure, 속축삭사이막, 바깥축삭사이막처럼 Schwann세포의 막이 밀착되지 않은 부위에서도 뚜렷하게 국재하였다. 이상의 연구결과로 neurofascin은 Schwann세포의 마주보는 막사이에 이상적인 간격을 유지하는데 어떤 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되며, 수초층에서 물질이동이 가능하게 하는 것으로 보인다. Neurofascin, one of the members of L1CAM, has been known to have some important roles during the development of nerve fibers. In order to investigate the role of neurofascin associated with the myelination of peripheral nerves, the localization of neurofascin in myelinated rat sciatic nerve fibers was studied with the immuno-fluorescence and immune-electron microscopy and the results are as follows; 1. According to the myelination is going on, neurofascin localization was dramatically changed in the sciatic nerve fibers. 2. In the myelinated fibers, neurofascin was weakly localized along the axolemma at the node of Ranvier. 3. Neurofascin was also apparantly localized at the non-compact area of Schwann cell membrane such as paranodal loop, Schmidt-Lantermann incisure, inner & outer mesaxons in the myelinated fibers. From the above results, neurofascin is likely to have a role to sustain the ideal gap of apposing membranes of Schwann cell, so it may enable to materials transport in the myelin sheath.