정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

淡水魚類, 兩域魚類, 海産魚類의 삼透壓調節器宮의 組織學的 比較

鄭泰永,許洪旭 釜山大學校 師範大學 1977 교사교육연구 Vol.4 No.2

1) The salt cells were absolutely absent in the gill of Carassius carassius, a fresh water fish, tut renal capsules, glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules were well developed in the kidney of the above fish, which continuously excreted out excess water had come through mucous membrane of epithelium from the environment lower osmotic pressure condition than inner body. 2) Anguilla japonica which behaved both of migration, anadromous, catadrorr.ous had well developed salt cells in the gill, and renal capsules in the kidney since they could adapted fairly in the environment. 3Mugil cephalus, Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini, euryhaline fishes, and Astroconger myriasrer, in shore fishes, had developed salt cells in the gill and renal capsules in the kidney so that they could adapted lower salinity environmental condition. 4) Cynias manazo, essential marine elasmobranchii, had rudimental salt cells in the gill, well .developed renal capsules but had poorly developed proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the kidney. They also had well developed rectal gland, salt excretory organ. By the above condition, they could adapted high salinity of the brine. 5) Pagrosomus major, aglomerulus, had fairly developed salt cells in the gill, but no glomeruli in . the kidney. So that they could live pure brine, not influenced from any factor of fresh water.

菜蔬用 고구마 잎자루 增量 獲得을 위한 栽培 方法

허홍욱,허만규,정수동 부산대학교 사범대학 1996 교사교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

Two experiment were conducted to find out the best cultivars practces suitable for yield increase sweet potato petioles as vegetables from the various planting methods. The highest petiole yield was obtained from the Shinmi race and its vinyl-mulchened cultural practices after planting sprouted tuber root pieces on the high bed. The optimal concentration of IAA on leaf petiole was 5ppm. Sweet potato petioles have an optimum cutting point(2nd cutting) seeding method and development which varies depending on the sprout. C4-type was effective in the planing methods for sweet potato petioles.

One-Chip Microcontroller에 의한 Switched Reluctance Motor의 속도제어에 관한 연구

강욱,김학성,류홍제,원충연 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

The switched reluctance motor(SRM) drive is becoming an attractive candidate for replacing conventional adjustable speed ac and do drive in many industrial and consumer application like pumps, fans, household appliances and automotive actuator etc. The control method of triggering and conduction angle for variable speed drive is presented in this paper. It also describes new work in the area of electronic control of SRM. The control functions and converter switching signals are processed in low cost microcontroller. Experimental verification is provided for 8/6 pole prototype SRM drive.

32인치 LCD TV용 면광원 램프의 최적 구동에 관한 연구

김범준,노정욱,홍성수,사공석진 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2004 공학기술논문집 Vol.27 No.-

Characteristic properties of backlight arraying electrodeless fluorescent lamps assembled with capacitive coupled electrode connector have been investigated in various frequencies with a switching inverter. In the backlight of a 17-in diagonal with 12 lamps driven by square pulses, the efficiency of 100 lm/W and the luminance of 10000~14000 cd/㎡ have been achieved in the frequency range of 20~60 kHz where the higher frequency provides the lower operating voltage in the range of 2~4 kV.

논둑 태우기가 해충 및 천적류에 미치는 영향과 그 시기 설정에 관한 연구

허만규,허홍욱,문두호,정수동 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.23 No.-

For a long time, levee-burning in Korea have been conducted to kill the fauna of insect pests. We conducted to find out whether the levee-burning could justifiable for the suppression of insect pests, partially the spider. Density of both pest and enemies grew higher in burned areas than in unburned from about 90 days after the levee-burning. Density surveys on pests and their enemies(mostly spiders) was carried out unto the mid May at an experimental paddy field located in Kimhae. Wingless spiders could requires even larger time than winged pest species to re-establish in the center region of the widely burned field. However, according to the present point of view, the opinion that levee-burning is helpful for controling pests which over winter on levee areas could not be justifiable.

2007년 대한감염학회 권장 성인 예방접종 권장안

강진한,김홍빈,손장욱,이상오,정문현,정희진,최영화,최정현,최준용,최희정 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

In 2007, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases recommended an immunization schedule for adults residing in Korea. This recommendation includes four categories: standard immunization for healthy persons, supplementary immunization for persons with underlying illnesses, recommendations for health-care personnel and for international travelers. The Standard Immunization Schedule consists of universal vaccination (tetanus-diphtheria/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Td/Tdap); hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 20s; human papilloma virus vaccine for women under 26 years old; meningococcal vaccine for military recruits and college students in dormitories; influenza vaccination for persons aged 50 years or more and pregnant women; and pneumococcal vaccination for persons aged 65 years or more) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 30s; hepatitis B vaccine, varicella and MMR vaccines for persons who have uncertain specific immunities). The Supplementary Immunization Schedule recommends 4 vaccines, i.e., pneumococcal, influenza, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b, appropriate to the underlying illnesses, and confirmation of the presence of antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The Recommendation for Health-Care Personnel includes universal vaccination (influenza and pertussis) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella and varicella for seronegative health-care personnel). The Recommended Immunization for International Travelers focuses reinforcement of vaccinations for healthy persons and includes certain immunizations necessary for international travel (yellow fever, meningococcal, plaque, tick-borne encephalitis, and cholera). These guidelines can be seen at www.ksid.or.kr.

좌심방 석회화와 관련된 반복된 좌심방 혈전 1예

김성훈,우성용,오유경,정우백,임철현,신재원,박철수,윤호중,정욱성,홍순조 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.3

관상동맥질환자에서 경흉부 도플러 심초음파를 이용한 좌심실 확장기 기능의 평가 : 좌심실 확장기 장애 형태에 따른 분류

전희경,윤호중,유기동,박지원,전두수,정욱성,채장성,김재형,최규보,홍순조 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

정상 관동맥을 가진 심장 점액종 환자에서 발생한 급성 심근 경색증 1예

이정민,이현승,전은정,윤호중,정욱성,오용석,김철민,김재형,최규보,홍순조,이교영,심상인 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9