정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

군복무 청소년의 인권과 복지에 관한 연구

양철호,권순철,박순희,서현미,윤종성,이용교 동신대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study focuses on the human rights and welfare of adolescents who are in the military service. An adolescent should have rights of care, autonomy and participate. In Korea, mandatory military service is required for men. Thus their rights can be violated in the military. In this study, the rights of adolescents were categorized as the right to live, protection, develop and care, and the ways of providing those rights in the military were discussed.

기계학습에 필요한 풍부한 말뭉치의 구축 방안

양단희,이종연 三陟大學校 2000 論文集 Vol.33 No.1

When we use a machine learning mechanism for natural language processing, unsupervised methods are confronted with data sparseness and supervised methods have difficulties in constructing sufficient training data. These problems come from the fact that we do not have sufficient training resources necessary to training. After discussing such problems specifically, we suggest a method to construct extensive training resources, not in an academic view of natural language processing, but in a practical one.

진공포장이 냉장돈육의 지질산화 및 육색에 미치는 영향

양종범,고명수,문윤희 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

진공포장이 냉장 돈육의 지질산화 및 육색에 미치는 영향을 조사하기위해 돈육의 등심부위를 진공포장한 후 30일 동안 4℃에서 냉장저장하면서 저장기간에 따라 TBA가, pH, 홍색화 시간 및 CIE L^*a^*b^*값의 변화를 측정하였다. TBA가 랩포장육의 경우 저장 7일 이후에 급격히 증가되었으나, 진공포장육은 저장 30일까지 낮은 수준으로 유지되었다. pH도 랩포장육의 경우 저장 7일 이후에 급격히 증가되었으나, 진공 포장육은 저장말기까지 매우 완만하게 증가되었다. CIE a*값과 반사도의 측정 결과 진공포장육의 홍색화 시간은 포장 개봉 후 30분이었다. 따라서 진공포장 개봉 직후와 개봉 30분 후에 CIE L^*a^*b^*값을 측정하여 랩포장육과 비교하였다. CIE L*값은 랩포장육의 경우 저장 7일부터 급격히 감소되었으나, 진공포장육은 개봉 직후의 경우 저장말기까지 점차 증가되는 경향이었으며, 개봉 30분 후의 경우 개봉 직후보다 약간 높거나 큰 차이가 없었다. CIE a^값은 랩포장육의 경우 저장 7일까지 점차 증가되었고 그 후 급격히 저하되었으나, 진공포장육은 개봉 직후의 경우 저장초기에는 랩포장육보다 매우 낮은 수준이었고, 저장기간이 경과됨에 따라 점차 증가되었으며, 개봉 30분 후의경우 개봉 직후보다 전반적으로 높은 수준이었다. CIE b^*값은 랩포장육의 경우 저장 4일째에 크게 증가되었고 그 후 급격히 저하되었으나, 진공포장육은 개봉 직후의 경우 랩포장육은 매우 낮은 수준이었고, 저장기간이 경과됨에 따라 완만하게 증가되는 경향이었으며, 개봉 30분 후의 경우 개봉 직후보다 매우 높은 수준으로 유지되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation and meat color of chilled pork. During storage meats were evaluated for TBA values, pH, blooming time and CIE L^*a^*b^* values. The TBA values of wrapped meats increased rapidly after 7days and those of vacuum packaged meats maintained at low level up to 30 days of storage. The pH of wrapped meats increased rapidly after 7days, while those of vacuum packaged meats increased slowly up to 30 days of storage. The bloom time of vacuum packaged meats was 30 min after opening. the CIE L values of wrapped meats decreased rapidly on the 7th day, while those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening decreased slightly up to 7days of storage and thereafter increased gradually. The CIE *a values of wrapped meats increased gradually up to 7days and thereafter decreased rapidly, while those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening were lower than those of wrapped meats. The CIE a^* values of vacuum packaged meats after 30 min in the air were higher than those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening. The CIE b^* values of wrapped meats increased rapidly on 4th day and thereafter decreased rapidly, while those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening were lower than those of wrapped meats. CIE b^* values of vacuum packaged meats after 30 min in the air were higher than those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening.

프로스타글란딘 E₁에칠에스테르의 외용 리오겔 제제 설계

양성운,이진교,이지은,김희규,박혜숙,김종석,최한곤,용철순,최영욱 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

External lyogels containing prostaglandin E₁ethyl ester(PGE₁-EE), a produrg of prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁) as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of PGE₁-EE were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of PGE₁ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of PGE₁-EE lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogles containing 0.01% of PGE₁-EE showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of PGE₁(1%) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life (t_(10%) of lyogel at refrigerated condition (4℃) was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, PGE₁-EE was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of PGE₁.

와전류검사에 의해 검출된 증기발생기 전열관의 균열 특성

조찬희,남민우,김영호,양승한,이희종 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The flaws detected at the steam generator tube of the Nuclear Power Plant are the wear indications by anti-vibration bars and circumferential cracks at the top of the tubesheet. It is easy to detect and size wear indications. Also the wear indications are commonly found at the steam generator tubes. However, the steam generator tube which includes crack indication is plugged because it is very difficult to predict the growth rate and the sizing error is high. The motorized rotating pancake coil has been used for the detection of circumferential crack since it is not possible to detect using the conventional bobbin probe. This paper describes the characteristics for the circumferential crack at the steam generator tubes of the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants.

접합형식구분에 따른 고강도강 기둥-보 용접접합부의 인성에 관한 연구

박양희,김성배,김종락 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

This paper aimed to evaluate the characteristic and behaviour of fracture on the beam to column welded connections of high strength steel structures subjected to cyclic loading. Specimens were designed as a unit frame of tall building's middle- stores. For the study, SM570 and HP steel were used for columns while SM490 was used for beam. Ten specimens in total were carried out to the test. The major test parameters are steel strength, panel stiffness and scallop type. The results are as follows: In comparison with steel strength between SM570 steel specimen and HP steel one : HP steel steel specimen was showed over 130% of strength improvement ratio(α) and draft angle(θ) to SM 570 type according to the panel stiffness and scallop shape. Drift Angle of HP specimens and SM570 ones showed 0.071~0.091 and 0.036~0.065 radians each which partially satisfied the FEMA 350 criteria (0.04 radians for SMF). In conclusion, using weak panel and non-scallop shape specimens were considered to be superior structural strength, ductility capacity.

개정판 인지기능 장애 진단 도구 : 반구조화 인지기능 평가 도구

박종한,김희철,이양현,이종훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 본 연구는 새로 개정된 CIDI의 신뢰도와 진단적 타당도를 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 방 법 : 대상은 어느 대학병원 정신과에서 진료받은 환자들 중에서 치매 환자 64명과 치매 이외의 다른 정신장애 환자들 중에서 60세 이상은 90명이었다. 그들에서 CIDI의 하위 검사 성적들간의 상관 관계, 내적일치도, 총점과 치매를 평가하는 다른 척도 성적들과의 상관 관계, 치매 진단의 민감도와 특이도를 이용한 진단 구분점의 선택, 그 구분점에서의 receiver operating characteristic 곡선을 이용한 area under curve측정 등이 시행되었다. 결 과 : CIDI하위 검사 성적들간의 Pearson 상관 계수는 0.596 내지 0.813이었고, 평균은 0.707이었고, 하위 검사 성적과 해당 하위 검사를 제외한 총점간의 상관 관계는 0.759 내지 0.890이었다. Cronbach α는 0.941이었고 어느 하위 검사를 삭제해도 별 영향을 받지 않았다. 치매 환자들에서 CIDI성적은 다른 척도를 성적과의 상관 관계가 0.5내외이었고, MMSEK총점과 CIDI 총점에서 MMSEK 총점을 뺀 점수와의 상관계수는 0.894이었다. CIDI의 area under curve는 0.933이었고 area under curve의 표준 오차는 0.021(95% CI, 0.891∼0.975)이었다. 치매를 진단을 위한 구분점은 65/66가 가장 적절할 것 같고, 이 구분점에서 민감도와 특이도는 각각 95.3%와 85.6%이었다. 그에 상응하는 MMSEK의 값들은 각각 0.930, 0.020(95% CI, 0.891∼0.969), 22/23, 89.1%와 85.6%이었다. CIDI와 MMSEK의 area under curve의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. CIDI의 총점은 물론 모든 하위 검사는 치매와 비치매 노인들에서 높은 수준의 감별 능력을 보여 주었다. 결 론 : CIDI는 각종 신뢰도와 각종 진단적 타당도가 만족할만한 수준이었다. 그리고 CIDI는 임상적 목적으로 인지기능을 평가할 때, MMSEK는 인지기능 장애의 유무에 대한 선별 검사 목적으로 사용되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives : This study was conducted in order to evaluate reliability and diagnostic validity of the CIDI. Methods : 64 patients with DSM-IV dementia and 90 elderly patients with other mental disorders entered this study. Inter-subtest Pearson's correlation, corrected subtest-total correlations and Cronbach's α were computed for reliability while correlation of the total scores on CIDI with the performances on other scales relating to dementia, sensitivity and specificity, area under curve using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and group comparison were used for the assessment of validity. Results : The CIDI's inter-subtest correlations ranged from 0.596 to 0.813 with a mean of 0.707. the corrected subtest-total correlations were between 0.759 and 0.890. Cronbach's α of the subtests was 0.941 and the Cronbach's αs were between 0.928 and 0.948 when any subtest was deleted. In the demented subjects, the correlation coefficients of the total CIDI score with the performances on S-SDQ, IADL, BADL, BDRS, and MMSEK were around 0.5 Area under the receiver operating curve of CIDI was 0.933 with the standard error of 0.021(95% CI, 0.891-0.975). At the CIDI cutoff point of 65/66, sensitivity and specificity were 95.3% and 85.6%, respectively. The corresponding values of MMSEK were 0.930, 0.020(95% CI, 0.891-0.969), 22/23, and 89.1% and 85.6%. The demented scored much poorer in all CIDI subtests than the nondemented mental patients, and the differences were highly significant. Conclusions : The CIDI was satisfactory regarding to reliabilities and diagnostic validities. The CIDI and MMSEK are thought to be reciprocal in assessment of cognitive function : CIDI is preferable for clinical assessment of cognitive dysfunction and MMSEK for as a screening test.

B16BL6 마우스 흑색 종양에 대한 항암 면역 치료 및 화학 요법의 병용 투여에 대한 연구

박종희,김정목,정태준,조양자 한양대학교 의과대학 1990 한양의대 학술지 Vol.10 No.1

The adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and/or interleukin-2(IL-2) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of metastatic lung and liver tumors in mice. Clinical use of IL-2, however, is limited by a serious sideeffect, a vascular leak syndrome. Previous studies by other showed that the vascular leak syndrome induced by the IL-2 might be reduced by simultaneous use of cyclophosphamide (Cy). This study was carried out to: 1) examine the serum level of IL-2 achieved by an intraperitoneal (ip), intravenous (iv), or intramuscular (im) route; and 2) observe the combined effects of chemotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy in the B16BL6 melannoma-bearing mice. The most effective and safe way to maintain the proper serum IL-2 level was shown to be the ip route. In the B16BL6 melanoma-bearing mice, the administration of IL-2 (2.5×10??U/ml) alone resulted in prolongation of mean survival time (MST) significantly (p<0.001). No significant increase of the MST was observed in Cy (5, 10, or 50mg/kg) or LAK cell (1×10?? cells) receivers (p>0.05). The combined therapy of IL-2 plus(+) LAK cels, IL-2+Cy(50mg/kg), IL-2+LAK cells +Cy, increased the MST of tumor-bearing mice (p<0.001). The number of pulmonary metastases was decreased both in the mice with IL-2 alone or in those with the combination of IL-2+LAK, IL-2+Cy, or IL-2+LAK+Cy(p<0.001), although the administration of Cy or LAK cells alone did not affect the number of metastases(p>0.05). Either in primary tumor or in pulmonary metastases, the combined therapy with LAK and/or Cy on IL-2 turned out to be better than IL-2 alone for improving the survival time. Our results warrent for further investigation in human trials of combined therapy with IL-2 and LAK/Cy.