知母 成分의 硏究 : 지모 성분의 연구

박종희 부산대학교 1978 論文集: 自然科學篇 Vol.26 No.-

百濟 遷都 地名 ‘枳慕蜜地’와 俗地名 ‘모질매’

박종희 원광대학교 마한백제문화연구소 2018 馬韓, 百濟文化 Vol.32 No.-

‘枳慕蜜地’에서의 ‘枳(~支~只)’는 [*ki]~[*kʌ]~[*ko]의 변이 관계를 나타내고, ‘慕(~牟~馬)’는 [*mo]~[*ma]~[*mʌ]의 변이 관계를 나타내므로 ‘枳慕~支牟~只馬~古馬’ 등은 이표기임을 알 수 있다. 그런데 다음 기록은 ‘馬’를 ‘古馬’와 대응시키고 있다. 馬邑縣 本百濟古馬彌知縣 景德王改名 今遂寧縣(삼국사기 권36 잡지5 지리3). 위의 ‘馬’는 訓을 차용한 것이고, ‘古馬’는 音을 차용한 것이다. ‘馬邑’은 ‘大邑, 雄邑’을 의미하므로 ‘古馬’의 의미는 ‘大, 雄’과 같게 된다. 이로 미루어 ‘古馬~只馬~枳慕~支牟’ 등의 의미도 ‘大, 雄’으로 추론할 수 있다. 또한 중국측 사서에는 ‘固麻’를 ‘格們’의 전음으로 본다. ‘격문(格們)’이란 ‘도회지(대도시, 대처)’ 또는 ‘서울’ 즉 수도(首都)를 가리키는 것으로 ‘固麻’를 비롯해서 ‘枳慕~支牟~只馬~古馬’ 등은 ‘大’의 의미를 갖는다. ‘枳慕蜜地’의 후행 요소 ‘蜜(密)地’는 [*mʌlj-ti]로 재구할 수 있다. 이때 [lj]가 모음화하면 [*mʌj-ti]가 되므로 ‘蜜地’는 ‘彌知[*mʌj-ti]’와 동음성을 보인다. 이것은 고대국어 한자음에서 ‘未, 米, 彌’ 등의 한자음이 중세국어와 같은 [mi/미]가 아니라 [mʌj/ᄆᆡ], [mɨj/믜], [məj/메], [maj/매] 등에 가까운 音(김무림 2015: 116-8)이었다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. 또한 ‘知, 地, 遲, 至’의 고대국어 한자음은 모두 [ti/디]로 재구할 수 있다. [l/ㄹ]이 지닌 [+continuantclassic] 자질이 후행 모음의 자질과 이화를 일으키면 [t/ㄷ]으로 변해 ‘彌里[*mʌj-li/ᄆᆡ리]’는 ‘彌知[*mʌj-ti/ᄆᆡ디]’로 변하게 된다. 그리하여 ‘蜜(密)地~彌知~彌里~彌離’ 등은 이음동의어 관계를 이룬다. 아울러 현대국어의 潮水名에서 ‘한매-한물, 두매-두물, 세매-세물’(도수희 2005: 176) 등과 같이 북방인 어청도에서는 ‘-매’이고, 남방인 흑산도에서는 ‘-물’인 점도 ‘買, 未, 米, 彌’와 ‘勿, 蜜(密)’의 고대 음가 및 관련성을 보여주는 실례가 된다. 馬邑縣 本百濟古馬彌知縣에서 ‘彌知’가 ‘邑’으로 개칭되었음을 알 수 있다. 즉, ‘邑 = 彌知~蜜(密)地~彌里~彌離~密’이 된다. ‘彌里 鄕之小者’(遼史 卷116)라 한 것을 보면, ‘枳慕蜜地’의 일반적인 의미는 ‘大邑, 雄邑’이 된다. 시대에 따라 聚落의 규모가 커지거나 작아져 의미가 확장되면 首都, 城, 村(일어 mura), 要塞 등의 의미도 가지게 되었을 것이다. ‘枳慕蜜’과 속지명 ‘모질매’의 음운론적 관련성은 첫째, 어두 음절에서의 도치 현상을 들 수 있다. 왜냐하면 고지명 표기에서의 도치(臨津縣 本高句麗津臨城 景德王改名 今因之(三國史記 地理 二) 현상은 흔히 볼 수 있기 때문이다(도수희 1975: 61). 두 번째는 ‘-蜜(密)’과 ‘-매’의 음운론적 관련성이다. ‘-蜜(密)’의 고대 한자음은 [*mʌlj]([*ᄆᆞᆯ])~[*mʌj]([*ᄆᆡ])로 재구되며, 그 의미는 ‘邑’으로 추정되었다. 따라서 ‘枳慕+蜜/慕枳+蜜’의 구성을 이루어 ‘大+邑’의 의미를 갖는다. 세 번째는 k-구개음화와 관련된 것이다. 전설 고모음 앞의 연구개 파열음이 동일 환경의 경구개-치경 파찰음과 음향적으로 유사해서 청자들이 쉽게 혼동한다는 사실(Guion 1998)은 밝혀진 바 있다. 연구개음의 구개음화는 단일한 음 변화에 있어서 조음적 요인 및 음향적·인지적 요인이 모두 중요하다는 사실을 보여 준다(박종희‧권병로 2011). [ʧ]와 비슷한 스펙트럼 정점의 진동수를 가지는 전설 고모음 앞의 [k]는 인지적으로 [ʧ]와 ... ‘枳慕密地’ was the well known place name where the King Mu of Paek Je Dynasty had trnsferred the Capital from PuYeo. In this paper I would like to investigate the phonetic value of the several Chinese characters in the Old Korean relating with this place name. In general ‘枳(~只~支)’ represented the variants which had the phonetic value of [*ki~*kʌ~*ko] and 慕(~牟~馬) represented the variants which had the phonetic value of [*mo~*ma~*mʌ]. Therefore I would presume that ‘枳慕~支牟~只馬~古馬’ etc. had been used as a different transcriptions at the old times. Among these, ‘古馬彌知’ was correspondent with ‘馬邑’ in the place name reformed by the King Kyung Deok at the time of Unified Sylla Dynasty. In this case ‘馬’ represented the meaning of ‘big’ or ‘large’ which modified the following noun ‘邑’(town, city) and so ‘馬邑’ was intended to record for the meaning of a ‘big town’. According to this analysis I would like to interprete that ‘古馬彌知’ was used to represent ‘a big town/city’ or ‘a large community’. In the Chinese records ‘固麻’ was correspondent with Old Korean ‘古馬’ and then it referred to ‘格們’ in the Manchuria historical records. At the Keum Dynasty, ‘格們’ meaned to ‘a big town’. So I should ascertain that they all had the same meaning of ‘big’ or ‘large’. ‘密’ could be reconstructured as the [*mʌlj/*mɨlj/*ᄆᆞᆯ/*믈] which was the same as the phonetic value of ‘彌, 未, 米’ etc. Because [*mʌlj/ᄆᆞᆯ] had experienced a vocalization to [*mʌj/ᄆᆡ] and then it became to [mæ/매] by the monothongization. Vowel harmony variants [*mɨlj/믈] was changed to [*mɨ] by [j] deletion or [*mi] by [ɨ] deletion. ‘地, 知, 遲, 至’ etc. could be also reconstructured as [*ti/디] which was historically changed to [ci/지] by the palatalization in Modern Korean. The feature [+continuantclassic] of the [l/ㄹ] would be dissimilated with the following vowel feature [+continuant] and then [l/ㄹ] should become to [t/ㄷ] having a feature [+continuant]. Therefore ‘密地~彌知~彌里~彌離’ etc. could be composed of synonyms. These variants like [mʌj~mɨj~mɨ~mʌ~mi] and [mæ] were respectively distributed according to their regional and social situation. For example the name of tides was divided into two group depending on the location of South and North. In the South ‘한물, 두물, 세물, …’ were widely used on the other hand ‘한매, 두매, 세매, …’ were used in the North. The different forms of ‘물’ and ‘매’ were used at present. The ‘물’ was originated from the ‘密’ and ‘勿’ which had the same phonetic value as that of ‘水/water’. On the other hand the ‘매’ was originated from ‘彌, 未, 米, 買’ which had the same phonetic value [*mʌj]. These synonymous ‘密地, 彌知, 彌里, 彌離’ etc. had the same meaning as a ‘邑, 城, 村, 首都, 聚落’. The frequency of a velar and a palatal-alveolar was more similar before a front vowels other than back vowels. Moreover in the casual speech style the frequency of a [k] and [c] was appeared more similar before a front high vowel other than non-front high vowels. The acoustic similarities of [k] and [c] would be showed up their perceptive similarity. Consquently a hearer seemed to confuse [t] with [c] easily before a front high vowels. ‘枳慕[*kimo/기모]’ was frequently confused with the [*cimo] and would become to [*moci] by the syllable inversion of [*cimo] in Old Korean. The result of syllables movement still survive within the modern place name ‘모질매’ where the site of the Paek-Je Royal Palace was located at Ik-San.

音韻變化의 制約性 : n口蓋音化를 中心으로

朴鍾熙 圓光大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

The main objectives of the present study are to explain the opacity of palatalization in Korean. Some of the hypothesis currently proposed in generative phonology are disapproved because they are handled "ponii, munii, hinii" etc. as exceptions. The /i/hypothesis does not seem to explain the linguistic knowledge of Korean speakers. The rule /i/→/#(C?V)₁-+does not seem to be exist for its so many counterexamples. When phonemes are deleted in certain phonological environment, They remain trace in their original place and so it function phonologically. This idea is paralleled with that of nothing and zero morpheme in syntax. Lexical representation of items shown opacity was postulated by /ii/ as its vowel. The evidences are follows as ① their orthographic form is hostorically /ii/ ② their phonetic form is freely varied as [i], [i], [iy] in modern dialects ③ genitive case /ii/ is realized as [i], [i], [e], [iy], zero phonetically but standard pronunciation is determined as double sound of [i] and [i]. ④ the theoretical basis of this paper depends on the Strong Nautralness Condition of Vennemann (1974). However, If we determined the lexical representation basing on surface alternation [i]~[i] in only one dialect, we can not explain alternation form [iy] in another dialect as well as idiolect. This paper's position reject the different lexical represe ntation of the same morpheme for each dialect independently. Lexical representation /ii/ experienced /i/ deletion diachronically and synchronically because of the change of vowel system occurred in 14th century of Korean phonological history. Trace by /i/ deletion functioned phonologically and therefore it seemed to constrain the palatalization in Korean.

意味範疇의 重疊과 音韻現象

박종희 圓光大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.1

The remarks in this paper concern so called SAISIOS, which was involved in Subcompounding Nouns. This lssue was very largely discussed by Korean linguists but it does not have consensus among them. In order to solve this problem I assumed that the semantic categories of Nouns were established on the basis of the hypothesis of Prototype. The scopes of semantic categories of every Noun were often overlapped as well as excluded each other when they were connected to form compound words. In the former cases the SAISIOS was not involved between two Nouns but latter cases lt lnvolved. Because of the characteristics of Nominal compounds, synthatic compounds were outside of this paper.Owing to N₂is the head in the morphological compounds, N₁⊂N₂is possible and so in that case SAISIOS is not involved. Moreover because the semantic categories of Noun was extended by prag-matic inferences and metaphoric extention N₁∩N₂is possible too. The case result in the involvement of SAISIOS also. On the contrary if two scopes of semantic categories were excluded each otehr; N₁∩N₂=Φ, the SAISIOS was involved to increase semantic cohesion among two Nouns.

知母 成分의 硏究

朴鍾喜 부산대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.26 No.2

The chemical constituents of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma was studied and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside was identified.

국어의 비모음화(非母音化) 현상에 대하여

박종희 국어학회 1985 국어학 Vol.14 No.-

Prefinal Ending-거/가-의 新考察

朴鍾熙 圓光大學校 文理科大學 國語國文學科 1974 國語 國文學 硏究 Vol.1 No.-

치과기공소 운영실태 및 경영만족도 조사

박종희 대한치과기공학회 2016 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest direction for dental technicians and management of dental laboratories to contribute to the improvement of oral health of citizens with high-quality dental prosthesis by researching operational status and management satisfaction of dental laboratories. Methods: In order to investigate operational status and management satisfaction of dental laboratories, this study conducted a questionnaire survey by mailing questionnaires to heads of dental laboratories designated as clinical training workshops of Department of Dental Technology of G University and a total of 158 questionnaires were used for analysis. Results: As for gender, males were 142 persons (89.9%) and females were 16 persons (10.1%). For location of the laboratories, number of laboratories in metropolitan cities was 94 (59.5%) while small and that in mid-sized cities was 64 (40.5%). As for the satisfaction with job, those who have managed dental laboratories for 23-30 years (1.92± 77), transact with 7-12 dental clinics (1.70±75), had monthly income of 4-8 million won (1.74±.80) and had 8-10 employees (2.33±.68) were the highest in their satisfaction. As for satisfaction with management, those who have managed their business for 15-20 years (2.86±.52), transact with more than 20 dental clinics (2.00±.04), had monthly income of less than 4 million won (2.00±.85) and had less than 3 employees (2.00±.62) were the highest in their satisfaction. As for monthly income, those with less than 2 million won were 24 persons (15.2%), 2-4 million were 64 persons (40.5%), 4-6 million were 40 (25.3%), 6-8 million were 14 (8.9%) and over 8 million won were 16 persons (10.2%). As for number of employees, those with less than 3 employees were 32perosns (20.3%), 4-7 were 82 (51.9%), 8-10 were 26 (16.5%) and more than 11 were 10 persons (6.3%). As for severance payment, 84 persons practiced it according to Labor Standard Act (53.2%) and 34 practice it to a proper degree (21.5%) while 20 did not practice it at all (12.7%) and 20 persons did not respond to the question (12.7%). Conclusion: Although dental laboratories have rapidly expanded in number from 473 in 1986 to 2,400 in 2015, dental technician circles are facing difficulty in their management due to fierce competition and low profitability. Therefore, in order to improve this problem, it is necessary to readjust prices for dental prosthesis to realistic ones.

생약제제의 이화학적 품질평가에 관한 연구 : 小靑龍湯의 분석

박종희,정지형,박상일,박성수 釜山大學校 新藥開發硏究所 1998 藥學硏究誌 Vol.32 No.1

The famous prescription of So Cheong Ryong Tang (小靑龍湯) in Chinese herb medicine, which has been used for the treatment of common cold, influenza, asthmatic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma and, is being commercially produced in the form of decoction. However, the storage problem for this dosage form remains unsettled. The quantitative changes of the major constituents, at different temperature and time course, were examined employing HPLC and GC. Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, ephedrine, albiflorine, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin were choosen as phytochemical markers. The content of cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased when stored at increased temperature, while that of benzoic acid has increased. By overall consideration of the present experimental data, it was suggested that most constituents are considerably stable when preserved below freezing temperature.

"ㅇ"音攷再論

朴鍾熙 圓光大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this paper was to describe and characterize the phonetic value of Middle Korean "o" which hadhada different opinion by other Korean linguists. It was regarded as the glotlal liguid, /h/ phoneme,Juncture phoneme, voiced laryngeal continuant etc. However I was concluded that it was a glottal stop which had laryngeal feature such as [constricted glottis, -stiff vocal cords,+slack vocal cords]and also it was slightly distinguished from "??"which had[+constricted,+stiff vocal cords,-slack vocal cords]. It may be given as a conclusion that they were coarticulated allophone or intrinsic allophon