한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Intracavitary Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Cystic Brain Tumors with Holmium-166-Chico : A Pilot Study

Ha, Eun Jin,Gwak, Ho-Shin,Rhee, Chang Hun,Youn, Sang Min,Choi, Chang-Woon,Cheon, Gi Jeong The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2013 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.54 No.3

Objective : Intracavitary injection of beta-emitting radiation source for control of cystic tumors has been tried with a benefit of localized internal radiation. The authors treated cystic brain tumor patients with Holmium-166-chitosan complex (Ho-166-chico), composed of a beta-emitting radionuclide Holmium-166 and biodegradable chit polymer, and evaluated the safety and effective measurement for response. Methods : Twenty-two patients with recurrent cystic brain tumor and/or located in a deep or eloquent area were enrolled in this pilot study. The cyst volume and wall thickness were determined on CT or MRI to assess radiological response. The activity of Ho-166-chico injected via Ommaya reservoir was prescribed to be 10-25 Gy to the cyst wall in a depth of 4 mm. Results : There was neither complications related to systemic absorption nor leakage of Ho-166-chico in all 22 patients. But, two cases of oculomotor paresis were observed in patients with recurrent craniopharyngioma. Radiological response was seen in 14 of 20 available follow-up images (70%). Seven patients of 'evident' radiological response experienced more than 25% decrease of both cyst volume and wall thickness. Another 7 patients with 'suggestive' response showed decrease of cyst volume without definitive change of the wall thickness or vice versa. All patients with benign tumors or low grade gliomas experienced symptomatic improvement. Conclusion : Ho-166-chico intracavitary radiation therapy for cystic tumor is a safe method of palliation without serious complications. The determination of both minimal effective dosage and time interval of repeated injection through phase 1 trial could improve the results in the future.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

경식도 심초음파도의 Direct Planimetry를 이용하여 측정한 대동맥판 면적의 심박출량 및 좌심실 구출율의 변화에 따른 정확도

진승원,김종진,김희열,박지원,전두수,윤호중,박준철,노태호,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

척수압박으로 발현된 급성 골수성 백혈병에 동반된 과립구성 육종 1 례

윤상준,김영곤,김희종,박유환,정춘해,김양수,김태균,박영진,전호종 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

저자들은 척수압박으로 하지마비를 보인 환자에서 수술 후에 급성 백혈병에 동반된 과립구성 육종으로 진단된 환자 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Granulocytic sarcoma(GS) is an uncommon tumor composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series. Most case of GS occur in the course of acute leukemia and the blast crisis of chronic leukemia, Rarely, however, it may present before leukemia becomes clinically apparent. It may also occur in patients with myeloproliferative disoders. GS has been reported that it occurs in 3% to 9% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) and the incidence of GS is reported to be higher in patients with t(8;21). GS occurs relatively commonly in africa and has been reported to affect 10-25% of black children presenting with AML. This is very rare case of granulocytic sarcoma with AML(FAB M5) presented with spinal cord compression which was supported by decompression laminectomy.

이면성 및 도플러 심초음파도를 이용하여 진단한 선천성 거대 좌회선지-좌심실 관동맥루

진승원,박준철,이영중,유병현,박현옥,김용주,윤호중,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

산유체모델에 의한 Building downwash 현상 해석

구윤서,최상민,이진호,윤희영 안양대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 自然科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구에서는 굴뚝주변에 위치한 건물에 의한 세류현상을 보다 정확히 모사하기 위해서 전산유체모델을 이용하였다. 계산 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해서 전산모델 계산치와 1993년 Thompson의 추적자 실험에 의한 실측치 및 대기 환경영향평가에 많이 사용되는 ISCST3 모델 계산치와 각각 비교하였다. ISCST3에서는 건물의 영향을 고려하기 위하여 BPIP을 이용, 건물의 높이와 폭을 결정하여 모델링을 수행하였다. 전산유체모델에서는 건물을 형상화시키고 굴뚝에서 오염물질을 배출시켜 확산 계산을 하였다. 전산유체모델로 모사한 결과, 건물의 후면에 wake가 발생하는 것을 볼 수 있었고, wake zone의 길이는 건물 높이의 약 2배가 되었다. 오염물질 농도를 비교한 결과 ISCST에서는 최대 농도값과 착지점이 일치하지 않았으나, 전산유체모델로 계산한 결과는 추적자 실험치와 거의 일치한 값을 나타냈다. This study used the computational fluid dynamic(CFD) for describing a dispersion influenced by building downwash. We compared calculated concentrations with Thompson's tracer experiment and ISCST3 models. In calculating ISCST3 model, BPIP(Building Profile Input Program) was used to estimate building heights & widths corresponding to a specific wind direction. Results show that ISCST3 model is not appropriate to describe the building downwash but CFD model, which calculates the flow fields and dispersions simultaneously, is in good agreement with tracer measurements. In order to describe the dispersion induced by building wake near the stack, it is recommended to use CFD model.

완전대혈관 전위의 심방내 교정술 후 추적 관찰

김연우,노정일,허준,윤명자,김호성,최정연,윤용수,양세원,이정렬,김용진,노준량 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

과학적 태도에 따른 중학생의 학교 과학수업과 학원 과학수업에 대한 만족도 비교

김수연,정진수,김상호,윤성규 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2009 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 학교 과학 교육과 학원 과학 교육의 활성화와 바람직한 방향 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 중학생들의 과학적 태도에 따른 학교 과학 수업과 학원 과학 수업에 대한 인식을 조사 및 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생들은 학교 과학 교사보다 학원 과학 강사를 더 친근하게 인식하고 있었으며 자신들에게 더 많이 관심을 가지고 있다 인식하였다. 그리고 학생들은 수업목표 제시나 수업과 관련된 여러 가지 자료 제시는 학원보다 학교에서 더 잘 이루어진다고 인식하고 있었으며 과학 현상이나 개념에 대한 스스로 생각할 수 있는 기회 역시 학교 과학 수업이 더 많다고 인식하고 있었다. 또한 학생들은 학교 과학 수업보다 학원 과학 수업에 더 집중하며 모르는 내용에 대해 질문을 더 많이 한다고 답하였고 학습평가의 경우 학교 과학 수업과 학원 과학 수업 모두 진단평가 보다는 형성평가와 총괄평가에 치중해 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 과학적 태도 점수를 상․중․하로 나누어 학교 과학 수업과 학원 과학 수업 중 어디에 더 만족하는지를 조사해 본 결과 과학적 태도 점수가 우수한 학생들은 학원 과학 수업에 더 만족하였다. 그러나 과학적 태도 점수가 중․하인 학생들에 비해 그 만족도가 낮은 편인 걸 봐서 학원의 경우 학생들의 과학적 사고나 태도를 촉진하는 수업보다는 주입식 수업으로 인해 과학적 태도가 높은 학생들의 만족도가 낮을 것이며 학교의 경우 실험이 학생들의 호기심과 과학적 태도를 향상시켜 줄 수 있는 자유로운 실험이 되기보다는 수행평가와 같은 성적을 측정하는 도구로 밖에 이용되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the science attitude of middle schoolers and their satisfaction level with science lessons provided by school and academy in an effort to bolster public and private science education and determine some of the right directions for that. The subjects in this study were 172 middle schoolers who attended five different private cram schools in Dalseo-gu, Daegu. After a survey was conducted, randomly selected 25 students were interviewed. Their satisfaction level was analyzed in terms of relationship with teachers, teaching methods, learner class participation and evaluation, and their science attitude scores were compared and categorized into three groups. The students found themselves to be on more friendly terms with the cram school science teachers than with their school science teachers. They considered the former to be more interested in themselves, and put their schools above the academies in terms of presenting instructional objectives and relevant materials. They also believed that the schools gave them more opportunities to think of scientific phenomena or conception on their own. They stayed focused better in the academies than in the schools, and asked more questions in the academies. As to evaluation, both of their schools and academies leaned toward formative or summative evaluation rather than diagnostic evaluation. The students were divided into three different groups according to science attitude scores, and how much each group was satisfied with science instruction offered by the schools and academies was checked. As a result, the students who got higher scores in science attitude were more gratified with the academies. The others who got intermediate or low scores were more satisfied with the academies as well, which taught them to grasp the point of instruction and solve past examination questions so that they could boost their scores in science. As a study established that younger graders fell behind in science attitude, both schools and academies should try to teach students to improve the attitude of students toward science without letting them remain indifferent to that

공분산구조분석법을 활용한 통행수단, 활동 및 통행행태에 대한 인과성 평가

장태연,김대영,김정호,권진영 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

Activities done by individual are usually classified into obligatory and discretionary ones. Simple or complex trip pattern is performed as these activities are linked and various travel modes are used. Individuals try to link several trips as a type of chain to save transportation resources such as travel distance or time, which consequently produces complex trip pattern. These changes in urban transportation environment and less studies on activity-based characteristics make difficult to forecast trips resulting from trip linkage behavior. The purpose of study is to analyze possible causal relationships among activities, travel mode choices and travel patterns, assuming that they are directly influenced by individual or household attributes. Two kinds of models are established to achieve this purpose. One is the allocation model for mode choice for activities by three stage least square estimation method under the restricted conditions. The other is covariance structure model(LISREL) to analyze direct and indirect effect among attributes. As a result, the allocation of travel modes is mainly influenced by variables such as gender, education level, marriage, and children under 13 years old. In LISREL, it is shown that those variables well explain an exogenous personal attributes and only family income do an exogenous household attributes. While trip pattern attributes is well reflected by travel mode attributes, it is less reflected by activity attributes.