정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

내·외단열공법 및 온도조건별 냉동냉장창고 외피의 적정 단열계획

강승희,구보경,송승영 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

It is very important to apply the reasonable insulation method to refrigerated warehouse since temperature difference between storage and outside is so great. However, insulation method for refrigerated warehouse is not expressly provided in the Korean building code and there are few examinations for evaluation of each insulation method. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the economical efficiency of the refrigerated warehouse envelope with different insulation method(inside and outside insulation), temperature condition(0℃, -6℃ and -15℃) and insulation thickness(100㎜, 150㎜ and 200㎜ / 50㎜ or 250㎜). As results, it is proved to have the best economical efficiency when outside insulation method with thickness of 100㎜(0℃ and -6℃) and 150㎜ urethane(-15℃) is applied.

1회선 분기점을 갖는 병행 2회선 송전선로의 고장점 표정 알고리즘

강상희,권태원,최면송,이승재 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This paper presents a fault location algorithm of a single phase-to-ground fault on a parallel transmission line which contains a teed circuit. The method uses only the local end voltage and current signals. Zero sequence currents of other lines are calculated by distribution factors. Instead of zero sequence current, negative sequence current is used to remove the effect to load current and to calculate the voltage of a fault resistance. There are two distance equations in this algorithm. One of them is to calculate inner part fault location of the tap distance and the other equation is for outer part fault location of the tap distance, Correct fault distance is selected by the condition of each solution. Extensive simulation studies using EMTP have verified that the proposed algorithm can calculate an accurate fault distance in spite of effects of various error sources.

목은 이색의 차 정신

강승희 원광대학교 동양학연구소 2007 東洋學硏究 Vol.3 No.

고려 말 목은 이색은 위대한 문인이며 정치가였다. 동시에 한국의 대표적 茶人이기도 하다. 그는 학자이며 대 사상가로서 차를 사랑하였으나, 차 정신을 정립한 다인으로서는 조명을 받지 못했다. 그의 시대는 종교적으로 불교였으며, 학문적으로는 성리학의 도입과 성숙기였다. 그는 舊체제를 옹호함으로 인한 정치적인 실패를 자연주의적 탐미로서 극복하려 하였다. 고려 말 정치상황의 소용돌이 속에서 그의 삶과 정신은 그의 다시 속에 잘 나타나 있으며, 그의 다시를 살펴보면 그는 차를 통하여 修身을 하였고, 차를 통하여 삿됨을 멀리하였으며(無邪), 차를 통하여 세속에 대한 욕심을 버렸음(無慾)을 알 수 있다. 따라서 우리나라 차 정신을 찾는데 이색의 차 정신이 공헌하는 바는 매우 크다 하겠다. Lee-Sack's thought is a mixing of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism So his thought of tea can also be understood in the context of those. Even though he was a great confucian scholar, it can not be denied that he liked honorable monks, and that he envied a Taoist hermit. His many poems, especially tea-poems show these. This thesis focused to take the evidences that he was a man of tea. In regard with confucianism, he believed dualism of reason(理) and energy(氣). It is that reason and energy are dualistic, and reason takes precedence over the energy. Lee Sack thought that a human being and all creations principally have the unchangeable nature(性) of reason. He preferred a man's moral training to a reform of social system Lee Sack had an affirmative attitude to the monks, even though he attacked the apostasy of buddhism in those days. He thought the essence of buddhism desirable and he respected high priests. In his later years he was fascinated with Taoism, so he yearned Taoist hermit and being free from conventionality. His thought of tea is expressed in this ground. These are moral training(修身), without wickedness(無邪), without desire(無慾) These are simply 'tea-meditation is the same'(茶禪一如) philosophy. Through this study we can know that Lee Sack was really a man of tea.

원시적 지속성 삼차신경동맥 동맥류 : 증례보고 A Case Report

강현승,한대희,권오기,오창완,정희원,최길수 대한신경외과학회 1997 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.26 No.5

수치사진측량에 의한 고 건축물의 3 차원 정보 획득

姜準默,韓承熙,嚴大鎔 충남대학교 지역개발연구소 2000 地域開發論叢 Vol.12 No.-

This study aim at establishing the 3D digital data of cultural architecture by applying the digital photogrammetric technique. I would applicated as the basic data for preservation and restoration of cultural assets by suggesting the direction of establishing 3D digital data and the more accurate measurement methods than before lagged ones. And I could establish the useful data for visual analysis by connecting the ortho image which was made by digital image for the object and the vector data which was acquired by plotting. The establishment of precise 3D information by photogrammetry was possible, so the application of photogrammetry for measuring various cultural assets which require precise measurement is expected actively in near future.

Tobit 모형을 이용한 CVM 분석

강주훈,강희용,정승진 관동대학교 기업경영연구소 2004 경영논집 Vol.22 No.-

There, in general, exists a difficulty in evaluating the external effect of economic activities by measures. It is simply because the external economic effect often fails to reflect the market price in real market transactions. Because evaluating the social expenses or benefits from public goods or environmental pollution often relies heavily on indirect, individual and subjective decision, it often tends to be over or underestimated. This paper adopted a closed Contingent Valuation Approach; if a respondent agrees on a specific price at the first stage that makes it possible to advance with an increased price to the second stage in which the respondent may accept the increased price. Then the respondent pays the highest price In the regression analysis, the Probit Model and the Logit Model is used in case that the dependent variable is considered as the appropriate selectable variable. The Tobit Model can be more of an appropriate model than the Probit and Logit in terms of describing the highest paying price at the second stage through the closed and contingent valuation approach.

임신 중 파열된 담관낭종 1예

강병철,김영우,정혜경,이선영,이한주,손혜영,성순희,김승철 대한소화기학회 2000 대한소화기학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Choledochal cysts are congenital dilatation of the biliary tree occurring predominantly in female. Most of the cases are diagnosed during childhood, and its presentation during pregnancy or postpartum period is rare. Choledochal cysts during pregnancy are frequently associated with complication due to the concealment of the mass by enlarged uterus. Rupture of cyst is a rare complication that occurs spontaneously in most cases. We experienced a case of ruptured choledochal cyst during pregnancy in a 28-year-old primigravida. It occurred at 32 weeks of pregnancy. A premature newborn was delivered by normal vaginal delivery. The choledochal cyst was excised, and reconstruction was carried out by Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy. Although choledochal cysts occurring in pregnancy are rare, it is important to be aware of the condition because a missed or delayed diagnosis may be catastrophic for both mother and child.

해수와 해산물에서 분리된 Listeria 속에 대한 항균제 감수성시험과 Inactivation 시험

강치희,이승철,황용일 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2000 硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

주요 식중독균으로 주목받고 있는 Listeria sp.를 경남지역의 해수와 해산물에서 분리하여 항균제 감수성시험, 온도에 대한 균의 감수성 시험, 시험균주의 증식곡선, 내염성 시험과 pH에 대한 균의 증식관계를 조사하였다. 해수와 해산물에서 분리동정된 18주의 Listeria sp.에 대하여 디스크 확산방법으로 항균제 감수성 시험을 실시하여 ampicillin에 55.6%, cephalothin에 100%, chloramphenicol에 100%, clindamycin에 100%, erythromycin에 100%, gentamicin에 100%, kanamycin에 77.8%, methicillin에 83.3%, streptomycin에 50%, tetracycline에 83.3%, vancomycin에 100%의 감수성을 각각 보였다. 온도에 대한 증식억제효과는 55℃에서 30분간 처리에서는 영향이 없으나 60℃에서는 L.monocytogenes Type 1과 L.monocytogenes Type 4, L. ivanovii, L. welshimeri는 20분 처리로 사멸하였으며 L.monocytogenes ATCC 19111과 L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. innocua는 25분 처리로 사멸하였다. 65℃처리에서는 L. monocytogenes Type 4와 L. innocua, L. ivanovii는 15분에서 사멸하였으며 L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111과 L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes Type 1, L. welshimeri는 20분간 처리로 사멸하였다. 분리된 Listeria sp.의 내염성은 8% 이상에서는 지연된 유도기가 관찰되었으며 6% 염을 첨가한 0.6% TSA-YE배지에서는 정지기에서 흡광도(590nm)가 0.67에서 0.87의 범위에 있었으며, 8% 염에서는 정지기의 흡광도가 0.44에서 0.73이었고, 10% 염에서는 흡광도가 0.18에서 0.63이었으며, 12% 염에서는 OD 값이 0.03에서 0.2로 측정되어 염의 함량이 높을수록 저해 정도도 높았다. pH에 대한 증식영향은 pH 5.0에서보다 pH10에서의 증식이 빠른 것으로 보아 Listeria sp.는 비교적 높은 pH에서 생육가능 함을 보였다. Eighteen of Listeria species, a potent food poisioner, were isolated from sea food and seawater in Kyungnam area. These strains were tested for the sensitivities of antibiotics and temperature as well as for the resistances to high salt concentrations and the cell growth in different pHs and media compositions. The average sensitivities (%) of the eighteen listerias in disc diffusion method were following : ampicillin 55.6, cephalothin 100. chloamphenicol 100, clindamycin 100, erythromycin 100. gentamycin 100, kanamycin 77.8 methicillin 83.3, streptomycin 50, tetracyclin 83.3 and vancomycin 100. The viability of Listeria species was not so affected by heat treatment at 55℃ for 30 min. However, L. monocytogenes Type I and IV, L. ivanovii and L. welshimeri ceased to grow at 60℃ in 20 min. In contrast, the growth of L. monocytogenes ATCC19111, L. monocytogenes Scott A and L. innocua was affected in 25 min. L. monocytogenes type IV, L. innocua and L. ivanovii stopped growing at 65℃ in 15 min. L. monocytogenes ATTCC19111, L. monocytogenes Scott A, L. monocytogenes Type I, and L. welshimeri did not sustain at 65℃ for 20 min. The growth of the listerias were lagged in the presence of over 8% NaCl. In TSA-YE medium containing 6% NaCl, the optical density (OD) at 590mm of the cell culture reached stationary phase from 0.67 to 0.87. At 8% NaCl, the stationary phase OD of the culture was from 0.44 to 0.73. At 10% NaCl, the stationary phase OD of the culture was from 0.18 to 0.63. At 12% NaCl, the OD of the culture from 0.03 to 0.2. Therefore, higher salt concentrations created greater inhibition for the cell growth, Finally, the growth rates of the listereas were higher at pH 10 than at pH 5, which implies that the growth of the listerias was favorable in the alkaline pH.