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베토벤의 후기 피아노 소나타에서 나타나는 변주 기법 연구
정희원 서울대학교 서양음악연구소 2018 음악이론연구 Vol.30 No.-
Whereas a theme-and-variations movement had been considered a less important movement in a multi-movement piece, Beethoven grants a new status to this form by concluding a large-scale work with a slow variation movement. This study focuses on the last movements of Piano Sonatas Op. 109 and Op. 111. These variation sets show that Beethoven relied on primary elements of tonal relationships for musical materials and creates large-scale movement from those basic ideas. Also remarkable is the way he unfolds variations with those materials. The variation form is transformed into a large-scale organic structure with a new level of complexity, as Beethoven integrates variations with the individual formal designs. Beethoven makes listeners participate in a dramatic procedure of the variation-set by adding the feeling of release that comes with the return of the theme. These features in the variations sets remind us of the important concept of Beethoven’s late style, continuity and synthesis. 본 연구는 베토벤의 후기 피아노 소나타 중 작품번호 109와 111의 마지막 악장에서 주제와 변주 형식이 사용된 것에 주목하여, 이 곡들에서 구체적으로 어떻게 변주 기법이 사용되었는지 고찰한다. 두 변주곡 악장에서 주목할 점은 음악 재료에 있어서 조성 언어의 매우 기본적인 요소를 택해 변주곡 전체를 발전시킨다는 점이다. 즉, 변주가 진행됨에 따라 텍스처는 달라지더라도 주제의 아이디어는 단순하고 기본적인 형태로 제시된다. 또한 이 두 변주곡의 형식적인 측면을 보면 극적인 구성이 결합되어 마지막 주제가 원래의 형태로 돌아올 때 긴장의 해결감을 준다. 이는 각각의 변주가 서로 연결될 뿐 아니라 변주곡 악장 전체가 하나의 유기적이고 극적인 구조로 짜여 있다는 것을 보여준다.
생체 친화적인 원소를 함유한 티타늄합금의 미세조직과 탄성계수
정희원,김승언,현용택,이용태,Jeong, Hui-Won,Kim, Seung-Eon,Hyeon, Yong-Taek,Lee, Yong-Tae 한국기계연구원 2003 硏究論文集 Vol.33 No.-
New titanium alloys with a low elastic modulus have been developed for biomedical applications to avoid the stress shielding effect of the artificial prosthesis. The newly developed alloys contained the transition elements like Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta which were non-cytotoxicity elements and $\beta$ stabilizers. In the present paper the elastic moduli of Ti-xM containing Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta were evaluated by measuring the acoustic velocity (PEG). The effectiveness of the alloying elements for lowering the elastic modulus was investigated. In addition, the dominant factors for the low modulus were discussed. Ta was the most effective in lowering the elastic modulus of the alloys. The effectiveness of Hf was not acceptable for decreasing the elastic modulus. The dominant factor was the lattice parameter for Zr, and the poisson's ratio for Nb, Ta, respectively.
정희원,김승언,현용택,이용태,Jeong, Hui-Won,Kim, Seung-Eon,Hyeon, Yong-Taek,Lee, Yong-Tae 한국기계연구원 2001 硏究論文集 Vol.31 No.-
Silicon addition in titanium alloys generally results in solid solution hardening by silicon itself and precipitation hardening by titanium silicides. The morphology and distribution of the titanium silicides depend upon the alloy chemistry or the heat treatment condition, and play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the alloys. In this study, the morphology and crystallographic characteristics of the titanium silicides in the Ti-Fe-Si alloy system were studied. Three types of silicides were found in the alloys; (1) interconnected chain-like silicides at grain boundary, (2) coarse silicides over im, (3) fine silicides smaller than 0.2m. Ti3Si was dominant in cast + HIP condition while Ti5Si3 was dominant in as-cast state. It is recognized that $Ti_5Si_3$$\rightarrow$$Ti_3Si$ transition occurred by the peritectoid reaction and it may be promoted by the pressure during HIP. However, in the case of the fine silicides, $Ti_3Si$ and $Ti_5Si_3$ were found simultaneously even after HIP. Such a fine silicide was found to have a crystallographic orientation relationship with matrix.
정희원,이춘구,Chung, Hee-Won,Lee, Choon-Koo Korean Society of Electron Microscopy 1993 Applied microscopy Vol.23 No.1
버들붕어 뇌와 아가미의 미세구조에 미치는 메틸수은의 독성적 영향과 이에 대한 홍삼의 보상효능을 전자현미경적 방법에 의하여 연구하였다. 뇌 신경세포의 미세구조 변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 메틸수은만을 투여한 군에서는 수상돌기와 축색돌기가 상당히 확장되고 핵질과 세포질이 부분적으로 손실되었으며 ribosome의 수적감소와 mitochondria의 팽대가 관찰되었다. 그리고 파괴된 핵과 공포화된 mitochondria를 함유한 괴사세포의 출현은 특이한 관찰이었다. 반면 메틸수은과 홍삼을 병행 투여한 군에서는 메틸수은만을 투여한 군에서 보다 수상돌기와 축색돌기의 확장이 감소되고 ribosome의 수가 증가되었으며 mitochondria의 팽대정도가 상당히 감소되었다. 아가미 새판의 미세구조에 있어서는 Pillar cell과 arm의 붕괴, 표피세포의 확장 및 기저막의 비후가 메틸수은만을 투여한 군에서 관찰되었고 메틸수은과 홍삼을 병행 투여한 군에서는 메틸수은만을 투여한 군에서 보다 arm의 붕괴정도와 기저막의 비후정도가 감소되어 정상세포와 거의 같은 정도로 호전되었다. The toxic effects of methylmercury on the ultrastructures of the brain and gill tissues of fightingfish and compensative effects of red ginseng were investigated by means of electron microscopy. The brain neuron of methylmercury exposure group showed dilatation of dendrite and axon, numerical decrease of ribosomes, partial loss of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm and considerable swelling of mitochondria as compared with the normal neuron. And necrotic cell with ruptured nucleus and vacuolated mitochondria was noticeable. While, slight swelling of mitochondria, some dilation of dendrite and axon and numerical increase of ribosome occurred in the neuron of methylmercury-red ginseng treatment group as compared with the methylmercury exposure group. In the gill lamella of methylmercury exposure group, collapse of pillar cells and arms, dilated epithelial cell and thickened membrane were observed. While, in the gill lamella of methylmercury-red ginseng treatment group, arms were slightly disintegrated and basement membrane was some thickend as compared with the methylmercury exposure group. From the above results, it is concluded that red ginseng has detoxication effect on methylmercury toxicity and so takes compensative effect on injured tissues caused by methylmercury intoxication.
후하소뇌동맥 원위부에 발생한 뇌동맥류 : 증례보고 Case Report with Review of the Literature
정희원,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1984 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.13 No.1
True congenital saccular aneurysms of distal posterior inferior cerebellar arteries are rare. We describe a 29 year-old female patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage in whom a nonmycotic saccular aneurysm arising from the tonsillomedullary segment of the left posterior cerebellar artery was demonstrated. This aneurysm was successfully clipped with good postoperative result. Brief review of the literature is also presented.