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Ieodo, Okinotorishima and International Politics
강병철 사단법인 한국평화연구학회 2013 평화학연구 Vol.14 No.2
1982 marked the culmination of 14 years of negotiations via the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) which involved over 150 member states. UNCLOS provides dispute resolution mechanisms to resolve maritime disputes peacefully. While South Korea and China ratified parts of UNCLOS, the two states avoid UNCLOS dispute resolution mechanisms. The Ieodo issue is a maritime dispute between South Korea and China. It is not a territorial dispute, but an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) delimitation dispute. EEZs refer to areas that states consider vital sea resources of an economic nature. From a technical standpoint, Ieodo is not the object of a territorial dispute, but jurisdiction over it has to be decided through negotiations between South Korea and China. China's expanded economic strength has raised suspicions and concerns among neighboring countries. Maritime issues are rising to the forefront of China's security concerns. EEZ has started to become linked with wider strategic issues relating to China’s naval strategy. China has never disputed Japan's sovereignty over Okinotorishima, but rejects its claim to the 400,000 square kilometers marine footprint, which is larger than Japan's entire land area. With China emerging as a major power, China wants to deny American access to its nearby waters so it can have its way with its neighbors. China’s intensified effort to keep America’s military out of its EEZ. Ieodo Issue and Okinotorishima Issue imply to deny China access to their nearby waters. This article explores how the UNCLOS regime affects maritime boundary delimitation, and its implications for international relations focusing on Ieodo and Okinotorishima.
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강병철,이소원,정환훈 대한영상의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.14 No.1
We report a case in an inoperable patient with the hilar malignant biliary obstruction treated palliatively by the use of a newly designed Y-shaped covered stent without interfering contra-lateral bile duct. We percutaneously inserted a newly designed Y-shaped covered stent into a biliary tree in an inoperable patient with Bismuth Type II cholangiocarcinoma. We checked tubograms, enhanced CT studies, and blood bilirubin levels before, one week after, and at every three month after the stenting, by observing closely the signs of clinical infection as well. The follow-up period was about 12 months. The placement of the Y-shaped covered stent was successful and resulted in adequate biliary drainage in the immediate post-procedural tubogram and in the follow-up abdominal CT. The serum bilirubin levels did not show elevation after the insertion of the Y-shaped covered stent.
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난황 단백질의 효소 가수분해에 의한 sialic acid의 회수 공정 개발
강병철,이광현,Kang Byung Chul,Lee Kwang Hyun 한국생명과학회 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.1
Batch enzymatic hydrolysis of egg yolk protein by protease was carried out at laboratory scale coupled to an ultrafiltration module. Effect of ethanol concentrations on the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis was studied to determine the optimum condition of recovery of hydrolysate. The enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted stepwise with following conditions, $50^{\circ}C$, pH 10.0 and pH 6.5. Ethanol concentration was changed from 10 to $40\%$ (w/w). As ethanol concentration was increased, the recovery yield of total solid and protein in enzymatic hydrolysate was also increased. The content of sialic acid and protein in hydrolysate was independent of ethanol concentration. We also investigated the effect of ethanol concentration on the performance of ultrafiltration. As the concentration of ethanol in yolk protein was increased, the recovery yield of product was increased. Ultrafiltration of egg yolk protein hydrolysate was conducted to increase the content of sialic acid. Four ultrafiltation modules were used in this study, and we evaluated the performance of the UF modules. When Amicon module was used, the recovery percentage of total solid in retentate was $6.0\%$, which is the highest among the modules used. In spite of the difference in the recovery yield of total solid, the purity of sialic acid in retentate was about $2.0\%$, which was 5 times higher than that in feed. It was concluded that the recovery yield and the purity of sialic acid did not correlate with the types of modules and the size of MWCO.
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강병철,하일수,김인원,정해일,최용,고광욱,Kang Byoung-Chul,Ha Il-Soo,Kim In-One,Cheong Hae-Il,Choi Yong,Ko Kwang-Wook 대한소아신장학회 1997 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.1 No.2
Purpose : The clinical characteristics of renovascular hypertension (RVHT) in children were analyzed. Methods : Medical records of 16 children diagnosed as RVHT on the basis of angiography during Jan. '86 to Jun. 94 in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The mean age at the onset was 8.5 yrs and the sex ratio(M:F) was 7:9. The causes of RVHT were Takayasu arteritis in 6, Moyamoya disease in 5, and fibromuscular dysplasia in 3 patients. Abdominal bruit was noted in 6 patients (38%). Peripheral renin activity was raised in all tested patients. Bilateral renal arterial involvemnent was found in 9 patients (56%). Captopril renal scans showed good correlation with angiographic findings. Five patients were treated with antihypertensives only, and blood pressure was controlled completely in 2 and incompletely in 3. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 10 patients with 50% of success rate. However, hypertension was recurred due to restenosis or accompaning aortic stenosis in 3 patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 4 patients, and the blood pressure was controlled partially in 1 and poorly in the remaining 3. Conclusions : Takayasu arteritis, Moyamoya disease and fibromuscular dysplasia are the major causes of childhood RVHT in our country. The diagnosis of RVHT in children should be based on a set of tests individually selected for case by case. For the low curability of the current treatment modalities available, RVHT in children should not be regarded as 'curable' so far. We expect, however, that the outcome will be improved by more extensive application of the newly developed surgical technique.
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