The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney : Immunohistochemical study and flow cytometric DNA analysis of 7 cases

Choi, Yoon-Jung,Jung, Woo-Hee,Jung, Soon-Hee,Park, Chanil Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1994 Yonsei medical journal Vol.35 No.3

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

현대건축의 주거 공간 구조 특성 및 변천에 관한 연구 : 르 꼬르뷔제, 루이스 칸, 안도 다다오, 렘 쿨하스를 대상으로

정진우,최윤경 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

This research intends to understand the transition of spatial structure embedded in architecture. Since modern age through research about structural change of modern architects' space since Le Corbusier by using the theory of Space Syntax. According to change of age, meaning of space had changed. It is differ awareness for spaces of Le Corbusier' and Khan' houses' from Ando Tadao' and Rem Koolhaas' houses'. It is appear that transition of spatial structure is according to current thoughts more than according to special morphology. This research have purpose to supply numerical data about quantitative space analysis method by space structure to ideology of age architecture.

戰略企劃을 통한 地方政府 發展戰略 樹立에 관한 硏究

윤정길,우무정 한국행정연구원 2003 韓國行政硏究 Vol.12 No.3

우리나라의 지방자치 과제 중 하나는 이제 어느 정도 정착된 지방자치제도를 운영의 묘를 살려 효율적인 지방자치, 실질적으로 주민의 편익을 제고하는 지방자치로 거듭나기 위해 지방 스스로 자치능력을 증진하기 위한 관심과 노력을 기울이는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 지방자치의 과제에 대한 문제의식을 바탕으로 최근까지 어려움이 지속되고 있는 영월군을 연구대상지역으로 선정하여 전략기획이라는 접근법을 활용하여 지방정부의 능력형성 및 발전방안과 비전을 제시하고자 시도하였다. SWOT분석을 토대로 다섯 가지의 전략적 쟁점을 도출하였으며, 이를 토대로 구성원별 역할과 결부시켜 ① 단체장의 능동·창의적 리더십 발휘, ② 주민통합을 위한 의회의 적극적 역할 수행, ③ 주민들의 주체적 자각 및 인식제고의 세 가지를 전략적 대안으로 설정하였다. 이들 대안이 구성원들의 적극적인 역할수행을 통해 성공적으로 집행될 경우 달성할 구체적 목표를 '주민통합과 지역경제 활성화'로 설정하였으며, 궁극적으로 실현될 미래의 비전을 『친환경적 문화관광·휴양도시 영월』로 제시하였다. process of the legislation on bioethics and the interest of stakeholders. New technology and its socio-ethic conflict are the most important factor in the process of the legislation on bioethics. The main actors of its legislation process are biotechnology group, NGO and government. They try to play their active roles to acquire the legislation initiative. According to the analysis, policy network has many agencies(actors) in its own network and shows a prominent characteristics of issue network. Interaction of agencies reveals conflicting rather than cooperating among agencies. The structure of policy network is the decentralized one focusing their own interests. The meanings of this study are to review the appearance of new technology and its socio-ethics conflict and to inspect the possibility of theoretical application of policy network. The Korean Local Autonomy system has been rooted through the several ballots of it since 1991. Now, one of the tasks on local autonomy is concentrating the interests and endeavors to increase the self-governing capacity of local government. By accomplishing this task, Korean Local Autonomy system will be reborn as efficient and practical mechanism for providing benefits to residents. This study had a trial of presenting alternatives for development through the capacity building and strategic visions of local government by using strategic planning approach on the basis of problematic perception on the task of local autonomy. Young Weol Gun (District) was selected as a subject local government of this study, which has difficulties in resolving many problems. The five strategic issues were extracted from the result of SWOT analysis, and the strategic alternatives were established with relation to the role of constituents such as ① exercising district chief's active and creative leadership, ② performing the proactive role of local council for consolidating residents, ③increasing the initiative awareness and perception of residents on the development of local government. And the concrete goal was settled as "Consolidating Residents and Revitalizing Local Economic" in case of successful execution of strategic issues through the proactive role performance of each constituents. Ultimately, the vision of Young Weol Gun was established as 'Pro-Environmental and Cultural Tourist and Relaxation Citya. The OECD countries have been practicing a series of government reform programs in order to cope with the pressures of the environmental change. These programs are basically aimed at enhancing public sector productivity and customer satisfaction through the adoption of result-oriented management system. The development of accounting system is an indispensable step toward a successful result-oriented management in government. Especially the cash-based governmental accounting system makes it hardly provide accurate information on the status and soundness of governmental financial management. Thus, many OECD countries are transforming the accounting system from cash accounting to accrual accounting. This study explores the causes, consequences, performance, and limitations of Australian governmental accounting system reform for the successful adoption of the new accounting system in Korea. This study shows the successful Australian experience with its decentralization and strengthened accountability of the public bureaucracy, and the new system provides valuable information for better management decisions. Continuous efforts based on active participation of private and public sector, an official's will and capability to apply new information can play an important role in the system. But to reform the governmental accounting system successfully, it needs to clarify the limitation of financial information that new system products. And finally, under this circumstances, this study implies that supplemental measures like budget system reform and performance management system of measuring policy effects should be accompanied. This paper investigates the factors which have influenced on the local public services contracting-out outcomes. This study aims to provide the theoretical grounds of the

저수탱크의 혼화특성 평가

윤재흥,정혜원,오정우 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Storage tanks have two types of function. One is to maximize the disinfection capability by inducing plug flow, and the other is to regulate the water quality by mixing flow completely. Hence the mixing indices to represent the flow characteristics in tanks are required to identify if the tank performs its function well. As a result of evaluating the existing indices with fluoride-tracer and dye tests, T_10/T and T_90/T_10 proved relatively good indices. However, T_10/T showed some limits to representing the characteristic of residence time distribution, and T_90/T_10 had too wide range of the values to be easily used for assessing the flow characteristics. An index proposed in this study can properly represent both the completely mixed and plug flows as well as short-circuit flow, and can be used as an index of assessing mixing characteristics.

우관상정맥동에서 기시하는 단일 관상동맥 1예

정현광,김태우,조윤성,김강민,장재훈,이재우,정준훈 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

Coronary artery anomalies are found incidentally in approximately 1% of all patients undergoing routine coronary angiography. Of these, an isolated single coronary artery anomaly is the rarest one. Patients with an isolated single coronary anomaly may present with symptoms such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, syncope, sudden death, and congestive heart failure. We report a case of single coronary artery anomaly with the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary artery originating from the right coronary artery.

글라디올러스의 생육에 미치는 엽초의 역할

정우윤,장영득,안형근,최상태,박인환 慶北大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2003 慶北大農學誌 Vol.21 No.-

This study aimed to identify leaf sheath function through the investigation of effect of removal times and removed number of leaf sheath on growth and flowering in gladiolus. The leaf sheath influenced on the growth and flowering regardless of light condition at early growth stages. When total leaf sheath were removed in early growth stages, flower stalk length and spike length remarkably decreased. Whereas days of flowering were little different by leaf sheath removal. Also when removed numbers of leaf sheath were 1, 2 and 3, the growth and flowering were little different compared to control. But when removed numbers of leaf sheath were 4, flower stalk length decreased above 25㎝ compared to others treatment, spike length and number of flower decreased and stem diameter became thick abnormally.

특발성 자발성 신장 파열 1예

윤재철,김원,조규종,홍정석,이미우,장성은,오세현,임경수 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Primary aldosteronism is a syndrome characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity, and elevated serum aldosterone levels. Conn first described it 1955 in association with adrenal cortical adenoma(Conn's syndrome). Today, it can be divided into at least six distinctive sub-groups. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism is usually suspected when the patient presents with poorly controlled hypertension with hypokalemia. The main issues in the evaluation of primary aldosteronism are to differentiate an adenoma from hyperplasia and to localize the adenoma. Basic hormonal studies and computed tomographic(CT) scanning can be used effectively for that differentiation. An adenoma is one of a few potentially curable forms of hypertension, and it is best treated by removing the adrenal tumor. We experienced a case of a typical adrenal adenoma. The patient was a 37-year-old male who had experienced in both his legs over a period of several days a weakness due to hypokalemia. He was diagnosed using basic hormonal studies and adrenal CT scanning. After, he received laparoscopic adrenalectomy and was discharged with improved condition.

개에서 발생한 이혈종의 임상적 관리

이우철,윤기영,서경원,최호정,정성목,송근호,조종기,박성준 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2012 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

A 14-year-old male pomeranian was present with swollen left ear. The swelling occurred from base to apex of pinna. Otitis externa persisted for two years. Hematological and serum biochemistry values were not remarkable. The surgery treatment was the most appropriate method among indwelling drain, surgical, and steroid treatment in the aural hematoma because the dog was very sensitive to touching pinna and the size of aural hematoma. Longitudinal incision was applied after general anesthesia. Cefovecin was injected to prevent secondary infection. The outcome of surgery was good. There was no evidence of recurrence for one year.