Effect of low processing rate on homogeneous microstructural evolution of polyacrylonitrile‑based carbon fibers

Doo‑Won Kim,Dae Ho Kim,Sung Ryong Kim,Bo‑Hye Kim,Yun Hyuk Bang,Duck Joo Yang,Go Bong Choi,Yoong Ahm Kim,Kap Seung Yang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

This study demonstrates that low processing rate for producing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber is a critical to obtain a homogeneous radial microstructure with high resistance to oxidation, thereby resulting in their improved mechanical strength. The dry-jet wet spun PAN organic fibers were processed (e.g., stabilized and then carbonized) utilizing two different rates; one is 1.6 times longer than the other. The effect of processing rate on the microstructural evolutions of carbon fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy after slow etching in air, as well as Raman mapping after graphitization. The rapidly processed fiber exhibited the multilayered radial structure, which is caused by the radial direction stretching of the extrusion in the spinning. In case of the slowly processed fiber, the layered radial structure formed in the spinning process was changed into a more homogeneous radial microstructure. The slowly processed fibers showed higher oxidation resistance, higher mechanical properties, and higher crystallinity than the rapidly processed one. Raman mapping confirmed that the microstructure developed during spinning was sustained even though fiber was thermally treated up to 2800 °C.

경식도 심초음파도의 Direct Planimetry를 이용하여 측정한 대동맥판 면적의 심박출량 및 좌심실 구출율의 변화에 따른 정확도

진승원,김종진,김희열,박지원,전두수,윤호중,박준철,노태호,채장성,김재형,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

HPLC-ICP/MS 와 ICP/MS를 이용한 FAPAS 07187 쌀의 총비소, 무기비소, 카드뮴 측정

노현명 ( Hyun Myung Noh ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),김원일 ( Won Il Kim ),( Anitha Kunhikrishnan ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim12 ),김경진 ( Gyeong Jin Kim ),박기문 ( Ki Moon Park ),류지혁 ( Ji Hyock Yoo ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ),이영자 ( Y 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

Metal (loid)s such as environmental contaminants affect food safety. Metal (loid)s exist trace extremely in agriculture products. Therefore it is important to analyze accurately about trace these metals. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. So ISO(International Organization for Standardization) of laboratory proficiency testing is determination of laboratory testing performance by means of inter-laboratory comparison. The values have been derived as a consensus of a number of laboratories using a variety of methods. Proficiency tests were applied to analyze the metal(loid)s [inorganic arsenic (As), total As and cadmium (Cd)] in powdered rice FAPAS 07187 (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme; February-April 2013). The rice powder sample was extracted with 1% HNO3 for inorganic As for microwave-assisted extraction using water at 95℃ for 90 min and their analysis by HPLC/ICPMS. Also, HNO3 for total As and Cd using microwave-assisted extraction using at 200℃ for 50 mins and analysis by ICP/MS. Validation check was performed for accuracy using CRM (NMIJ CRM 7503-a) for inorganic As, and CRM (IRMM-Rice CRM) for total arsenic and cadmium. The result were satisfactory. FAPAS 07187 the z-scores of inorganic As, total As and Cd in powdered rice were-1.8,-0.9 and 0.2(lzl<2, respectively).

정상인과 뇌졸중환자에서 운동유발전위의 평가

김동현,박종현,권오상,김두응 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1997 中央醫大誌 Vol.22 No.2

Since the development of magnetic stimulation as a way of assessing the function of central motor pathways, various neurologic diseases have been investigated by motor evoked potentials(MEP). This study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of clinical application of MEP to the stroke patients. MEP were elicited with transcranial cortical stimulation using a magnetic coil in 21 healthy subjects and 18 stroke patients. Average of age was 37.5±18.0 and 63.7±7.7 years in normal and patient groups respectively. All stroke patients had a mild to severe clinical unilateral motor weakness, and also were proven to have unilateral infarction or hemorrhage at various regions of brain radiologically. During MEP studies, neither significant side effects nor pin were encountered. MEP latency of abductor pollicis brevis(APB) and extensor digitorum brevis(EDB) in controls measured 22.4±2.0 msec and 41.8±2.9 msec respectively. Normal central motor conduction time(CMCT) was 9.7±1.6 msec and 19.3±2.3 msec respectively. The amplitudes of MEP were not reliable due to great variability. Abnormal responses were noted in 5 patients on the APB and in 12 patients on the EDB motor evoked potentieal studies. Mean latency and CMCT were significantly prolonged in involved sites of the other 16 patients, comparing with control data. Prolonged latency and CMCT, increased inter-side difference of CMCT. Any potential was not a useful indicator in determining abnormality of MEP study. More paralyzed patients were apt to show abnormal responses in MEP studies. There were also more abnormal results during acute stage compared with chronic stage More abnormal results were observed in the patients with cerebral cortex or corona radiata involvements. It is suggested that MEP study is a useful and sensitive method in the evaluation of stroke patients and be a effective method for further understanding of central motor system.

GdFe 박막의 Kerr 이력곡선 연구

金斗哲,鄭原基 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

GdFe amorphous thin film used were prepared by the rf sputtering technique on the slide glass substrates held at room temperature, Composition ratios of GdFe films were measured by AES and kerr hysteresis loops of these films were studied by using the polar kerr loop tracer. It has been found that some of these films show the anomalous hystersis loops. this anomaly has been explained by the double layers model with a surface oxidation layer.

四肢의 Scar Revision에 있어 Modified Millard's Trick의 利用

金勳男,崔性玔,李斗炯,李圭源,皇甫宗演 大韓成形外科學會 1976 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.3 No.1

No matter how various methods may be tried, for scar repair of extremities, the results were not so acceptable unfortunately. Of these procedures, Millard's trick (The Double-Breasted Vest Principle) is the one of most popular methods and which has been loved by many surgeons, esp, plastic surgeons, up to date. However, even this method couldn't satisfied us, because of undesirable disadvantages, and our new repair method, entitle "Modified Millard's Trick Method" was designed with supplement of disadvantages of Millard's Tric in mind and has been used in attempt to prevent recurrence of the usual spread. This approach is advocated for scars in area where stretch-ing is usual or where a careful regular repair has failed to prevent it. If there is any depression associated with the scar, this is corrected simultaneously by advancing both skin flaps in opposite direction. We have tired this new method for 1- cases of patients, esp. for relatively wide linear scar (over 5cm) on extremities.

근원 불명 전이암의 예후인자와 생존율

원종호,박성규,홍대식,박희숙,김은석,최두호 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.1

Purpose : Patients with cancer of unknown primary site represent 5% to 10% of all cancer patients. This study was to evaluate survival and prognostic factors of patients with malignancy of unknown origin. Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was done for one hundred and two patients with malignancy of unknown origin who were treated from January 1989 to December 1998. There were 52 male and 50 female patients. Age of patients ranged from 20 to 94 years (mean 58 years). Clinical presentation depended on the site of metastases. In cases of multiple metastatic sites, we selected the first apparent metastasis or the symptomatic one for which the patient was first seen. The three most frequent initial metastatic sites were peritoneum, lymph node, and liver. Median follow up period was 4 months(0-100 months) and survival rate measured form the time of diagnosis. Results : The two years survival rate was 13.6% with a median survival time of 4 months. The factors associated with the overall survival rate were the tumor marker CEA(p=0.0061), smoking history(p=0.0039), and histologic type(squamous cell carcinoma versus non-squamous cell carcinoma, p=0.0295). Marginal statistical difference was found according to performance status. No statistical differences were found according to sex, weight loss, initial metastatic site and numbers, primary lesion site, and treatment modality. Conclusion : Squamous cell carcinoma was associated with survival rate. In squamous cell carcinoma of unknown origin with good prognostic factor, especially cervical lymph node metastasis, we suggest an approach of extensive initial workup for staging and aggressive treatment.

Cisplatin에 의한 흰쥐 공장의 alkaline phosphatase 활성변화에 미치는 SOD의 영향

김성목,현성희,전영희,문원진,백두진 한양대학교 의과대학 1995 한양의대 학술지 Vol.15 No.1

Cisplatin has been widely used as an effective anticancer platinum compound. Cisplatin incorporates with intrastrand or interstrand of the DNA and it inhibits the synthesis of the nucleic acid and protein. During the treatment of cancer patients, cisplatin acts on normally proliferating cells, which results in nephrotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bone marrow suppression and inner ear damage. These toxicities are related to oxygen free radicals formation by cisplatin, which inhibits the activity of the catalase and admages the mitochondria. The author has demonstrated the effect of superoxide dismutase(SOD), one of the antioxidant enzymes, on changes of alkaline phosphatase activities in the jejunum of the cisplatin treated rats. A total of 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 200gm were used as an experimental animals. Cisplatin(6mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally with pretreatment of 15000unit/kg of SOD or not. The experimental animals are sacrificed at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 3 days after the administration of cisplatin. A part of jejunum were obtained and fixed in 10%-neutral formalin at 4℃. The speciments were sectioned 16㎛ thickness in frozen cryostat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was evaluated histochemically by Gomori's method and incubation time of sections of specimens was 30minutes. The results were as follows. 1. SOD increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the epithelium of jejunum of the rat. 2. The activities of alkaline phosphatase of the epithelium of the mucosa decrease in jejunum of 6 hours and 12 hours of cisplatin treated rats. In the 24 hours and 3 days, activities of alkaline phosphatase of the epithelium increase. The atrophied villi are observed in the 12 hours and 24 hours of cisplatin treated group. 3. The activities of alkaline phosphatase increase in 12 hours and 3 days of cisplatin treated group with SOD pretreatment, the activities decrease in 6 hours of cisplatin treated group with SOD pretreatment. The activities of alkaline phosphatase in the 24 hours of cisplatin treated group with SOD pretreatment show a decided decrease over those of control group with SOD pretreatment. The atrophied villi are seen in the 12 hours and 24 hours of cisplatin treated group with SOD pretreatment. 4. The activities of alkaline phosphatase in the cisplatin treated group with SOD pretreatment are higher than those in the cisplatin treated group, except 24 hours of cisplatin treated group. 5. There are very little changes of alkaline phosphatase activities in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer of all groups. Consequently, these results suggests that cisplatin decreases the activity of the alkaline phosphatase and SOD pretreatment decreases the range of the change in alkaline phosphatase activity of jejunum of the cisplatin treated rats.

흰쥐 입천장발생중 laminin의 발현에 관한 연구

김원규,황우열,윤지희,백두진,정호삼 대한췌담도연구회 2000 대한췌담도연구회지 Vol.5 No.3