Superconducting MgB2 Wire Drawing Considering Anisotropic Hardening Behavior and Hydrostatic Effect

Young‑Seok Oh,Ho Won Lee,Kook‑Chae Chung,Duck‑Young Hwang,Seong‑Hoon Kang,Jeong Whan Yoon 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

Numerical modeling was conducted to investigate the deformation behavior of powder mixture during multi-pass drawingprocesses for multi-filamentary MgB2wire. A modified Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model with an elliptical cap surface usingthe new material characterization method was developed to capture the anisotropic hardening behavior and hydrostatic effectof the powder mixture. A number of uniaxial die compaction, cold isostatic pressing, diametrical compression, and uniaxialcompression tests were conducted using different powder densities to characterize the modified DPC model. A commercialfinite element software ABAQUS with a user subroutine was used to simulate the drawing of the MgB2wire. The densityand area fraction of the powder mixture during the wire-drawing process were verified with experimental results. The differencein packing density at the inner and outer filaments of the MgB2wire was successfully captured by simulation. Inaddition, the effect of the initial packing density on the superconducting properties of MgB2wire was numerically studied. It is shown that the increase in the superconducting area, which results from a high initial packing density, should be moreeffective compared to the increase in the grain connectivity in enhancing the critical current properties for the MgB2wirewhen the final packing density is saturated after a number of drawing processes.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

임팩트시 테니스 라켓 재질의 차이에 따른 근전도 분석

윤양진,유국종,서국웅,정미라,강영택,이훈식,서국은 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1999 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to select 7 male athletes and female athletes of high school, and to compare their active potential differences of upper arm muscles according to characteristic of a racket. the results obtained are as follows: 1. According to the accumulative distribution rate of racket material, graphite and wood material show better efficiency in case of brachio radialis muscle of male athletes, but the racket material shows no constant efficiency in brachii radialis muscle of female athletes. In case of flexor carpi radialis muscle, wood material provides better efficiency only for male athletes. In case of triceps brachii muscle, wood material gives better efficiency to males athletes and steel material gives better efficiency to females athletes. Especially in case of biceps brachii muscle, neither male nor female athletes are influenced by racket materials at impact. 2. In the muscle load rate according to racket material, wood has the highest muscle active potential and graphite has the lowest active potential. Therefore, graphite is thoght to be better in the efficiency of muscle load rate.

Para 置換 芳香族 Oxime 類의 Chemical shift에 미치는 置換基의 效果

嚴在國,洪永錫,崔潤壽 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1981 科學論集 Vol.7 No.-

Para-substituted benzaldehyde-anti-oximes were synthesized from parasubstituted benzaldehydes and their NMR spectra were checked in various solvents. The chemical shift differences and coupling constants between ?? and ?? were calculated from NMR spectra which were shown the spin system of Α₂Β₂ in ??, ?? protons. ?? -Χ=-(CH₃)₂N, -OH, -OCH₃, -OCH₂CH₃, -H, -NO₂, -CI, In order to examine the effect of substituents attached on the para-position, we used the substituents in order of -N(CH₃)₂>-OH>-OCH₂CH₃>-OCH₃ as the electron-donating groups and those of -NO₂, CI, as the electron-withdrawing groups. The chemical shift differences in the case of electron-donation groups were increasing according to the intensity of the corresponding substituents but the chemical shifts of ?? proton in compounds with the electron-withdrawing groups were resonated at the lower fields than those of ??. The substituent-effect of formaldoxime group was assigned as an electron-withdrawing form the chemical shift differences of ?? and its intensity might be larger than that of -CL but be smaller than that of aldehydic group. We also examined the chemical shifts of aldehydic protons and hydroxyl protons in formaldoxime group to assign the long-range shielding effect of various substituents. The chemical shifts of aldehydic protons and hydroxyl protons of Ρ-substituted benzaldehyde-anti-oximes with the electron-donating groups were resonated at the lower fields. We found that the plots of chemical shift differences vs Hammett's σ-function have the good linearities between substituents and aldehydic protons and hydroxy1 protons.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

TRANSPALATAL LINGUAL ARCH에 의한 골내 응력 분포에 관한 광탄성적 연구

고기영,태기출,국윤아,김상철 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.5

본 연구는 TMA wire로 제작된 transpalatal lingual arch에 의한 골내 응력 분포를 파악하기 위하여 양측성 및 편측성 확장을 가하여 이때 발생하는 치아주위조직 응력 분포 양상을 광탄성 응력해석법으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양측성 확장시 수평 변형만 적용했을 때 탄선끝이 각진 경우 둥근 탄선끝을 적용한 경우보다 응력이 치근단으로 집중되며 회전중심을 의미하는 흑색선이 변화하는 양태를 보였고 수직변형량이 증가되면서 전체적인 응력차수의 증가와 흑색선의 하방 이동 양상을 보였다. 2. 편측성 확장을 위해 수평 변형과 함께 확장측에만 수직 변형을 적용하였을 때 확장력이 확장측으로 편중되는 응력분포를 관찰할 수 있었다. 수직 변형량의 증가시 확장측 구치는 정출하는 응력을 보였고 수평변형량의 증가시 고정측치아도 경사지려는 응력분포가 관찰하였다. 3. 편측 구치의 회전을 개선하기 위해 철사끝을 비대칭적으로 toe-in한 경우 변형량이 적은 구치의 치근단 원심측에 응력분포를 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 악궁 확장시 철사의 길이를 줄일수록 무늬차수가 증가하는 응력 분포를 보였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress distribution and intensity derived from the transpalatal lingual arch in the investing bone composed of photoelastic material(PL-3). The transpalatal lingual arch wire was deflected in the horizontal and vertical direction to give the various conditions. The two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis was performed, and the stress distrebution was recored by photography. The results were as follows: 1. In bilateral expansion, as horizontal deflection was singly applied, the stress was more concentrated on the root apex in square free end than round. In square free end, as vertical deflection was increased gradually, the black line meaning center of rotation moved inferiorly together with the increment of whole fringes. 2. In application of vertical deflection on anchorage side for unilateral expansion, the stress distribution that expansive force leaned to expansion side was observed. As vertical deflection increased, the extruding stress was observed on molar of expansion side. And as horizontal deflection increased, the tipping stress on the molar of anchorage side was observed. 3. In unilateral rotation with the asymmetric toe-in, the fringe appeared on the distal aspect of root apex.

수종의 레진 모노머가 우식 유발성 세균의 활성에 미치는 영향

서영주,국중기,윤정훈,김수관,이난영,이상호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

이전의 연구에서 레진 재료를 포함한 여러 수복재료에서의 유출물이 우식 유발 세균의 성장에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 보고가 있었다. 이번 연구의 목적은 대표적인 우식 유발 세균인 Streptococcus mutans와 Streptococcus sobrinus의 성장에 대하여 레진을 구성하는 모노머들(Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, EGDMA, UDMA, HEMA, Camphoroquinone)이 어떠한 영향을 줄 수 있는지에 대하여 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. S. mutans와 S. sorbinus의 성장률은 6가지 레진 모노미 모두에서 0.03 m㏖/L의 농도에 서 유의할 만하게 감소되었다. 2. S. mutans의 성장률은 0.01 m㏖/L 농도의 UDMA의 0.005 m㏖/L, 0.01 m㏖/L 농도의 Camphoroquinone에서 대조군에 비하여 유의할만하게 감소되었다. 3. S. sorbinus의 성장률은 0.01 m㏖/L 농도의 HEMA. UDMA와 0.005 m㏖/L, 0,01 m㏖/L 농도의 Camphoroquinone에서 대조군에 비하여 유의할만하게 감소되었다. 4. S. sorbinus의 성장률은 0.001, 0.01, 0.03 m㏖/L 농도에서 대조군에 비하여 유의할만한 감소를 보였으며 각 실험군들 간에도 통계학적으로 유의할만한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 레진 모노머를 적용한 모든 군에서 적용하지 않은 양성 대조군에 비해 두 세균의 증식률이 감소되었으며, 세균의 성장을 촉진하지 않은 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resin composite monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, EGDMA. UDMA. HEMA, Camphorquinone) on the growth of the two cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. We obtained the following results : 1. The growth rate of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was decreased significantly in the group of all composite resin monomer at a concentration of 0.03mmoI/L(P〈0.01). 2. The growth rate of S. mutans in the group of UDMA at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L and the group of CQ at a concentration of 0.005 mmol/L, 0.01 mmol/L 1%-as decreased significantly compared to the control group(P〈0.01). 3. The growth rate of S. sobrinus in the group of HEMA. UDMA at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L and the group of CQ at a concentration of 0.005mmol/L. 0.0lmmol/L was decreased significantly compared to the control group(P〈0.01). 4. The growth rate of S. sobrinus in the group of EGDMA at a concentration of 0.001, 0.01. 0.03mmol/L was decreased significantly compared t o the control group (P〈0.01) and were showed to be statistically significant difference between experimental groups(P(0.01).

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究 Ⅰ : 體育專攻 大學生을 中心으로 Emphasised on College Men of Physical Education

金尙國,姜東洹,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,李錫元 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1988 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the characterists and change in physique and physical function by college student of physical education major(287males and 40 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results were as following; 1) The characteristics of physique and physical function by sex and age. ① The male group of 18yrs old showed higher values in Height, Weight, Upper Limb Length, Strength, Flexibility, and Vital Capacity than any other groups, but female group showed lower values in Height, Weight, Chest Girth, Lower Limb Length, Thigh, Girth, Calf Girth and all of the Physical function. ② The male group of 19yrs old showed high values in power and Agility, then female group showed in Strength and Flexibility. ③ The male group of 20yrs old showed the lower values in Weight, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girh.Calf Girth, Vital Capacity, and female group are very lowed in Upper Arm Lenght, Fore Arm Length, Skin Fold Thickness and 5 minute Run. ④ The male group of 23yrs old showed the high values in Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth and Balance, and then female group higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Waist Girth, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Power, Shuttle Run, Balance and vital capacity than any other age Groups. ⑤ In male group, Chest Girth, and Blood Pressure were significantly related, and Side Step and Trunk Extension were nagatively related to the age at 0.1% level, and then in female group, Sargent Jump, Standing Long Jump and Vital Capacity were showed a significantly related at 0.5% level. 2) The difference of physique and physical function between male and female by age. ① Everage difference in whole physique items except skinfold thickness was 9.8%, and that 21.1% in all of physical function except Trunk Flextion between male and female group subjects. ② About the ages, the 18yrs old male group showed the 22.8% higher values of 26 items, but 22yrs old male group were about 12.2% in 23 items, thus it is very lower than any other groups. 3) The difference of physique and physical function between General group and physical education group in age-matched. ① In the physique male physical education groups showed about 7% higher in Weight, Chest Girth, Upper Limb Length, Upper Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, and female group showed about 7% higher in Weight and Upper Limb Length. ② In the physical function, Trunk Flextion, 5 minute Run, and Blood Pressure(Diastolic) were about 8% high values in whole group, and female group showed about 8% higher in Standing Long Jump, Shuttle Run, and Trunk Extension. ③ In 22yrs old male and female physical education group were very dominated in physique and physical function than the other age group against the general group.

대구지역 고등학생들의 흡연실태 및 니코틴 의존도

서영숙,윤희정,권진희,이성국 韓國學校保健學會 2003 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to surveyed the smoking status and pattern, nicotine dependence and factors associated with smoking and nicotine dependence for high school students in Daegu. In March. 2000, 1,593 students from 7 male and 6 female high schools located in Taegu were assessed with self-completing questionnaire. The major findings were as follows; Percentage of male smokers was 15.0% in general high school, 30.9% in business high school and that of female smokers was 5.0% in whole woman's high school. The median score of FTQ was 4.0 among male smokers and female smokers. the mean of FTQ score was 4.07±1.96 in male and 3.94±1.63 in female. Percentage of students with high FTQ score(FTQ≥7) was 13.3% in male and 5.9% in female. In multiple logistic regression analysis, smoking had significant association with general characteristics such as personal-specifics factors, family environment factors and school environment factors. In multiple logistic regression analysis, nicotine dependence had significant association with school-age and duration of smoking. On consideration of above findings, to prevent students from smoking and to reduce the smoking rate, we have to try together in house, school and society.

비만세포주에서 Histamine 유리에 관한 연구

김형룡,국윤아,신민,이홍수,원진숙,김형민,이영미,정헌택,이혜숙,안녕형 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1995 생명공학연구소보 Vol.3 No.1